The Order of Marquis Wen of The Spring and Autumn Period (2) The Jin Dynasty was founded
At the time of King Ping, the Zhou Dynasty was in decline, the princes were weak, Qi, Chu, Qin, and Jin were great, and the government was controlled by Fang Bo.
After king Zhou Ping moved east, the royal family declined, and the princes who gradually lost the shackles of the traditional political order of Zhou Li began to "strong and weak" annexation wars with each other. At this time, the four kingdoms of Qi, Chu, Qin, and Jin began to gradually become stronger. The promulgation of the decrees of the heavens began to be transferred from the hand of the Son of Heaven to the hands of the princes. Among them, the Jin state, located in the north of the royal family and living in the area of today's southern Jin, was particularly powerful.
In this year, Marquis Ji Qiu of Jin, together with Duke Wu of Zheng and Duke Xiang of Qin, sent troops to escort King Ping of Zhou from Jingdong to Luoyi. In recognition of the merits of Marquis Wen of Jin, King Ping of Zhou created Marquis Wen of Jin "Fang Bo", which means "chief of the princes". King Ping of Zhou also rewarded Hou Wenhou of Jin with a letter entitled "The Fate of Wenhou".
King Ping of Zhou ordered Marquis Wen of Jin
What is Azalea? Lu Deming's "Classic Interpretation" of the Tang Dynasty said that it was a kind of wine brewed after cooking with black rice and tulip juice, and the smell of the wine was fragrant, which made people smell and feel comfortable. As one of the ancient Chinese wines, It is frequently featured in The Oracle, Jin and Pre-Qin texts of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. At the same time, the squid was also one of the "nine tins" used in ancient times to sacrifice gods and reward meritorious princes and ministers, and was an important ceremonial vessel.
Together with the Straw Mane, another ceremonial vessel given to Marquis Wen of Jin by King Ping of Zhou was Gui Zhan .com. The Book of Poetry, Daya Jianghan, has a saying: "LiErgui Zhan, 秬鬯一卣 (pronounced the same as "have"). ”
Gui Zhan is a jade spoon-shaped wine vessel used to hold the straw mane. The Zhou Li Dianrui mentions that "禆 (pronounced "Guan") Gui You zhen, to wantonly precede the king, to serve the guests", that is, to put the gui zhan in a good place, to sacrifice the first king and reward the princes who came to the pilgrimage.
Gui Zhan in costume
In recognition of the great merits of Marquis Wen of Jin, coupled with the fact that Marquis Wen of Jin had the same surname as King Ping of Zhou, and that the State of Jin was a great power, Therefore, King Wen of Zhou first called Marquis Wen of Jin "Father" in the "Order of Marquis Wen". According to the "Rites of Etiquette and Ceremonies", at that time, the King of Zhou called the princes of the big countries with the same surname as uncles, the princes of the big countries with different surnames as uncles, and the monarchs of small countries with the same surname as uncles. Call the monarch of a small country with a different surname an uncle.
Then, King Ping of Zhou used the phrase "Pi Xian Wen Wu, Ke Shen Ming De" to trace the achievements of his ancestors King Wen of Zhou and King Wu of Zhou in destroying the merchants and fixing the world. Because of the virtues of King Wen and King Wu, the Heavenly Genius sent a blessing to the Zhou Room and spread the reputation of Zhou's virtues all over the world. In addition, Zhou Wen and Zhou Wu reused the sages to govern the world, and Western Zhou became prosperous.
Subsequently, King Zhou Ping lamented that he had taken over the heavy responsibility of the Zhou Room at a young age, and the burden on his body was very heavy. Heaven descended on King Ping (referring to the fall of Hokkei and the eastward movement of the Zhou Dynasty), leaving the people in deep trouble and destroying Hokkei by enemy invasion. Therefore, King Ping of Zhou appealed to the elders of the princes led by Marquis Wen of Jin to quickly help him tide over the royal crisis.
Later, King Ping of Zhou began to praise Marquis Wen of Jin, praising Marquis Wen of Jin for his ability to govern, saying that he could rule over the Wenwu subjects of the Jin Dynasty and unite the princes of the world to jointly send troops, and at the most difficult and dangerous moment of the royal family, he preserved and continued the bloodline of the King of Zhou.
Marquis Ji of Jinwen
However, after protecting King Ping of Zhou and settling down in Luoyi, Marquis Wen of Jin returned to the Jin state. Therefore, in the "Order of Marquis Wen", King Ping of Zhou announced that he would give Marquis Wen of Jin a black wine, a red bow, a hundred red arrows, a black bow, a hundred black arrows, and four horses, encouraging Marquis Wen of Jin to govern the land and people of the Jin kingdom well and be the domain of the Zhou royal family.
The granting of the "Order of Marquis Wen" indicates that King Ping of Zhou formally gave some of the royal family's ritual education and conquest power to the Jin state. The Jin state had great power to "act on behalf of the Son of Heaven".
Then, why did the Jin State have such a strong strength to protect the Zhou King's eastward migration? Why did the King of Zhou trust Marquis Wen of Jin so much? All this must start from the establishment of the Jin State.
The ancestor of the Jin state was Tang Shuyu, the son of King Wu of Zhou and the younger brother of King Cheng of Zhou, also known as Ji Yu. Tang Shuyu's mother was the daughter of Jiang Ziya, a hero of the Kaizhou Dynasty. According to legend, before King Wu of Zhou met with Tang Shuyu's mother, he dreamed that the heavens told King Wu that a woman would marry him and give birth to a child, and this child would be named "Yu" and would be sealed in the "Tang" land in the future.
The "Tang" land was twenty miles west of Yicheng County, Daizhou, which is the west of yicheng County in today's Linfen City, Shanxi Province. This place was originally a fiefdom of the descendants of Emperor Yao. Di Yao had a descendant, Liu Lei, who was known for his expertise in breeding dragons. When Kong Jia, the monarch of the Xia Dynasty at that time, heard about it, he asked him to breed two dragons, male and female, and gave him the surname of Yulong. Later, when a female dragon died, Liu Lei chopped it into meat sauce and cooked it into a delicacy for the Xia King Kong Jia. Kong Jia felt that this dish was particularly delicious, so he asked Liu Lei if he could cook it again. Liu Lei, fearing that sooner or later the news of the death of the female dragon would be known to Kong Jia, led his people to move to Lu County, which is today's Lushan County, Pingdingshan City, Henan Province. As a result, Kong Jia also divided Liu Lei's grandson in the original "Tang" land.
Royal Dragon Clan Liu Lei
This Tang kingdom lasted for two generations, and when King Zhou Cheng raised an army to rebel, it was eventually destroyed by King Zhou Cheng, and the Tang people were moved west by King Zhou Cheng to the "Du" land, which was located near present-day Xi'an. The Tang kingdom that moved to "Du" was made a count by King Cheng of Zhou, and the descendants of the Tang kingdom took "Tang Du" as their clan and called them "Tang Du".
Subsequently, King Cheng of Zhou began to deal with the problem of the former "Tang" land. One day, King Zhou Chengwang and his younger brother Shu Yu were playing a game. King Cheng of Zhou gave Shu Yu the shape of a tung leaf cut into the shape of a gui, and said, "I will give a piece of land to Shu Yu." The historian who was on the sidelines hurriedly wrote down the words of King Chengwang of Zhou and asked King Cheng to fulfill his promise.
Zhou Chengwang said that this was just a joke! The historian warned King Zhou Chengwang: "The Son of Heaven has no jokes, and every word spoken by the Son of Heaven must be recorded in the history books, and it should be praised with poetry and book music." Therefore, King Cheng of Zhou sealed Shu Yu in the "Tang" land that he had just conquered. Therefore, Shuyu is also known as "Tang Shuyu".
Zhou Chengwang Tang Shuyu "Cutting Leaves and Sealing Tong"
Tangdi is located in an important position, located in the east of the Yellow River and the Fenhe River, with a radius of 100 miles. The story of King Cheng of Zhou and Shu Yu "cutting leaves and sealing tong" shows that the king of Zhou at that time urgently needed a close confidant to go to the newly conquered Fenhe River Valley to establish a rule and expand the territory ruled by the Zhou people. As the younger brother of King Zhou Cheng, Shu Yu is the most suitable role.
At that time, there was a river in Tang Dynasty called Jinshui, which was verified by Li Daoyuan's "Notes on Water Classics" and an article published in the Shanxi Daily, "Jinshui Water Sources Flow in DaiXian County", which was the Xun River flowing through present-day Daixian County, Shanxi Province. In the name of "Jinshui", by the time of Tang Shuyu's son Ji Xie, the Tang state was officially renamed the State of Jin, and Ji Xie became the first Marquis of Jin in the State of Jin.
Marquis Ji Xie of Jin moved his capital to two miles north of Jinyang (present-day Taiyuan), a city that had once been built by Emperor Yao, and made it the capital of the country. The northern section of the city wall still existed until the Southern and Northern Dynasties periods, and was recorded by Xu Cai in the Records of the Capital of the Zongguo Dynasty. Until the end of the 1950s, there were still ruins of walls about a few meters high.
Jinyuanping, Moliyu, Daixian County, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province (China Daily)
Beginning with The Marquis Ji Xie of Jin, the State of Jin went through five generations of monarchs who had been succeeded by their fathers and sons before and after the Marquis Ji Ning of Jinwu, the Marquis Ji Fu of Jincheng, the Marquis Ji Fu of Jinli, and the Marquis Ji Yiusu of Jinjing (with the same surname as King Ping of Zhou). During the reign of these five generations of monarchs, there is no detailed chronology to verify. It was not until the seventeenth year of the Marquis of Jin jing (841 BC) when the "rebellion of the people of the country" occurred in the capital of the Zhou Dynasty, Hojing, that there was a specific date to be considered.
In 840 BC, Marquis Jing of Jin, who reigned for eighteen years, died. His son Ji Situ succeeded to the throne as Marquis of Jin. In the fourteenth year of the Marquis of Jin (828 BC, a two-year difference, which was mistakenly recorded by Sima Qian), King Xuan of Zhou succeeded to the throne. Four years later, the Marquis of Jin died and was succeeded by his son Marquis Ji of Jin. Eleven years later, in 813 BC, his son King Jifei of Jin took the throne.
Tang Shuyu, the ancestor of the Jin Dynasty
In 809 BC, Marquis Mu of Jin married Qi Jiang, the daughter of Emperor Qi of Qi, as his wife. In 806 BC, Marquis Muhou of Jin followed King Xuan of Zhou in his army to conquer Tiao Rong (a rong people distributed around the area of Mingtiaogang in the north of Zhongtiao Mountain in present-day Yuncheng County, Shanxi Province) and Ben Rong (probably also near present-day Zhongtiao Mountain), but the Zhou royal army was unfortunately defeated. In the same year, Marquis Mu of Jin gave birth to the crown prince Ji Qiu, who was later escorted by Prince Ping to move east.
In 803 BC, The Marquis of Jin again attacked Qianmu Zhirong (in Jiexiu, Shanxi) and won a victory. According to the Guben Bamboo Chronicle, the Jin dynasty defeated Beirong in a place called Fenyi (a low-lying area by the Fenhe River or a newly reclaimed field) that year. According to this, it can be speculated that the Thousand Acres of Rong should be a tribe of Beijong. It can be said that during the jin muhou era, through several wars against the Rong people, the power of the Jin state in the Fenshui Valley was further expanded.
The Jin Dynasty in the early Spring and Autumn period
As in the last battle, in the same year of this war, Marquis Muhou of Jin was happy to have a son, named Ji Chengshi. After the birth of this young son, the Jin people found that the teacher and student had a vision, which was actually the appearance of the monarch. Shifu sighed: "Prince Ji Qiu, his name means hatred, and the younger son Chengshi means that he will definitely achieve great things in the future." The name of the concubine was reversed, and I was afraid that the turmoil in the Jin kingdom was coming. This sentence of shifu is a true portrayal of the descendants of the future master who launched the "Quwo Dai Wing" in the Jin Dynasty. However, these are all afterwords, and the table is not pressed here.
In 785 BC, Marquis Mu of Jin, who had reigned for twenty-seven years, died, and his younger brother Uncle Yan established himself as the king of the Jin state. The former crown prince Ji Qiu feared being harmed by his uncle and fled. Uncle Yan served as the monarch for four years, and by 781 BC, the wise and decisive Ji Qiu led his henchmen back to the Jin Dynasty, eliminated Uncle Yan, and ascended to the throne. This is a generation of Ming Emperors and Marquis Wen of Jin.
In the tenth year of the Reign of Marquis Wen of Jin, that is, in 771 BC, Inu Rong attacked and killed King You of Zhou, and Marquis Wenhou of Jin sent troops to serve the king and escorted King Ping of Zhou to move east to Luoyi, achieving a high prestige among the princes of the world. Coupled with the later attack on the King of Zhou in 750 BC, which completely established the orthodox status of King Ping of Zhou, Marquis Wen of Jin reached the peak of his national power during his reign.
Resources
Historia
Shang Shu Justice
Classic Interpretations
The Book of Verses
"Liturgy"
The Biography of Mao's Poems
《Zhou Li》
Kangxi Dictionary
"Collected History"
Chronicles of the Lands
"The Left Handbook"
Notes on water
"Records of the Capital City of the Patriarchate"
Bamboo Book Chronicle
"Ancient Bamboo Book Chronicle"
《Explanation of Words and Words》
Tan Qihua's Historical Atlas of China
Liu Kai's "Examination of the Origins of The Nine Tins"
Shanxi Daily Liu Yudong ,Jinshui Water Sources Flow in DaiXian County》
China Daily Network "Jinshui Water Flow in DaiXian County"
Wei Jinyuan, "An Ancient City Buried under the Village of Chengbei for 4,000 Years"
Past issues in the series
Luring wolves into the house? Usurpation of the throne? The King of Zhou behind the ancient books moved east, hiding what bloody rain and wind
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