The Zen Street in the downtown area commemorates the Wang Mu Pavilion where King Shipeng and Mu Are Asked.
The Southern Song Dynasty Wenzhou Province ranked first in the country
Nowadays, the high-profile college entrance examination and the middle school entrance examination are over, and when it comes to examinations, in the ancient imperial examinations, Wenzhou had a brilliant period.
The "Wenzhou Phenomenon" in the History of the Imperial Examination
The Southern Song Dynasty Wenzhou is the most successful area of the imperial examination, is a typical "imperial examination upstart", it can be said that the most dazzling "product" of Wenzhou in the entire Southern Song Dynasty is "Jinshi". Among the more than a thousand jinshi groups, there are Wang Shipeng, Mu Beiwen, Zhao Jianda, Zhou Tan, and Xu Yufu, five national liberal arts champions. Both the total number of jinshi and the champion (the first place in the court examination) are ranked first in Zhejiang and second in the country. The number of provincial yuan (the first place in the rebbe test) is 6 according to the Japanese scholar Okamotoji's "Southern Song Dynasty Ke 挙の試官をめぐる regionality" and other statistics, which is the same as Fuzhou. In fact, the number of provinces is far more than this, reaching 9 people, ranking first in the country.
Wenzhou Keju Examination Institute Exhibition Hall
In the Song Dynasty, in order to make admission fair, a three-level examination system was formed: the state examination (presided over by the local official) - the provincial examination (presided over by the Shangshu Provincial Ceremonial Department) - the palace examination (presided over by the emperor). The provincial examination, also known as the ceremonial examination, is an important examination. Every time the provincial test is held, the capital is moved by it. A solemn and solemn ceremony is held before the test. On the day of the examination of the Rebbe Gongyuan, the incense case was set up in front of the steps, and the chief priest and the people worshipped. A series of ceremonies are held after the exam.
After the exam is completed, the invigilator and the grading officer will evaluate the papers. The evaluation papers are divided into two first readings and two repetitions. Candidates who take the examination of the Ministry of Etiquette must submit a "certificate" (a family status table with their names and places of origin and three generations of names) before the examination, and after passing the examination of the Ministry of Ceremonies, they are listed on the list, and the first one is called "the top of the list", and then changed to "Provincial Yuan".
In the whole country, during the Southern Song Dynasty, only Fuzhou raised 2249 people, more than 6 Yuan, although the number of Wenzhou Yuan was one less than Fuzhou, but the number of provincial yuan Wenzhou was 9, and Fuzhou Provincial Yuan was only 6, if you subtracted from the mistaken 2, only 4, then Wenzhou Province Yuan was more than twice as much as Fuzhou, and the Southern Song Dynasty Fuzhou (including present-day Fuzhou City, Ningde City) was more than twice as large as Wenzhou in terms of size and population, so in terms of concentration and intensity of talents, it can be said that Wenzhou has surpassed Fuzhou. Becoming the first in the country, this can be called the "Wenzhou phenomenon" in the history of ancient imperial examinations, so Wenzhou has the reputation of "Zoulu State", which is not exaggerated at all.
In The Province of Wenzhou, there is a title
The first provincial yuan was He Pu of the Yongjia people in the twelfth year of Shaoxing (1142). "Song Hui's Draft and Election": "On the twenty-fourth day of the first month of the twelfth year of the twelfth year (Shaoxing), in order to give the matter to Cheng Kejun Zhigongju, the Zhongshu Sheren Wang Ba, the Right Counselor Luo Ruyu and the Right Counselor Luo Ruyu knew the Gongju, and the qualified jinshi He Pu was below two hundred and fifty-four people." He Pu (何溥), Zi Tongyuan (字通遠), a professor of Lin'an Fuxue (麟安府學), a censor of Wuzhou (婺州通判), a supervisor of the Imperial History, a scholar of the Right Division, a scholar of the Ministry of Counseling, a scholar of Sheng Hanlin and a scholar of the Ministry of Shangshu, was awarded the Title of Longtuge Scholar of the Imperial Palace.
The statue of Wen Yuanyuan in the museum
According to the "Song Hui To Compile Drafts and Elections", the next step was Xu Lu, a Ruian man in the eighteenth year of Shaoxing (1148). Xu Lu, the word Shaochu, a word Ziyun. Qin Juniper wanted to take his wife and daughter, and pretended to be crazy, so Ting did not answer a word, so he placed the fifth jia at the end. When people say, "If the temple list is still upside down, Xu Lu is still a champion.". The official finally asked lang. In the first year of Longxing (1163), Yongjia renmu was to be asked. In this year, he happened to encounter the funeral of Emperor Xiaozong, and as a rule, he dismissed the temple test and did not personally plan to enter the army, that is, to take the provincial yuanmu to be asked as the title, which was called the Yuanyuan of forgiveness, that is, the emperor's funeral. In the eighth year of Qiandao (1172), the Ruian people Cai Youxue. Cai Youxue (蔡幼学), courtesy name Xingzhi (字行之), was awarded the title of Professor Guangde (廣德), the official to the Power of the Army Department Shangshu , and the crown prince Zhan Shi( 潣事). He was a disciple of Chen Fuliang, the son-in-law of Zheng Boying, a close friend of Ye Shi, and the successor of the Yongjia School.
In the first year of Jiading (1208), the Yongjia people Song Yi. According to the "Song Hui's Draft and Election", in that year, the official Shangshu and Hanlin scholar Lou Key Zhi Gongju, the Bingbu Shangshu NiSi, the Zhongshu Sheren Cai Youxue, and the Right Counselor Ye Shi Tongzhi Gongju were qualified to play the name of Jinshi Song Yi below 273 people. Hongzhi's "Wenzhou Fuzhi" has "Song Yi, Yong, Taishe Order", and the character volume has the Northern Song Shao Sheng's first year jinshi Song Zhizhen, whose "from Sun Chuan, Yi, Yi, Yi, Ren" Ju Dengke records, its ancestors for three generations are Wenzhou people, but some scholars have omitted it when counting. Xue Shishi of Kaowen Prefecture "Sending His Son Shu Di to Jinling and Cambodia Song Junfu" Dai Xu "Sending Song Junfu to Welcome His Mother to the General Office", knowing its character Junfu, served as the general cadre in Jinling. Han Chun's "Sending Song Junfu" has "Ruwen Fu teaching apprentices, the township is enough to be good" and "Dongjia Landscape Grotto, Qi Shore Will Be Hongzhan", knowing that his appointment as a professor is the pride of Wenzhou. Liu Kezhuang has "Weeping Song Junfu (Leaning):"Early inscription light ink Quidots, late wearing green shirts to protect the army." It is known that it is Liu Kezhuang Jianghuai system to set up the shogunate.
In the fourth year of Jiading (1211), the Yongjia people zhou duan dynasty. "Song Hui's Compilation of Drafts and Elections": "On March 1, 2004, with the official Shilang Wang Kui zhi gongju, the official lang Liu Yu and the rebbe shilang had been from the dragon and zuo si zhi fan zhi rou zhi zhi gongju, and the following two hundred and fifty-five people were qualified to play the name of the zhou duan dynasty." Zhou Duanchao, Zi Jing, one of the six gentlemen of Qingyuan, professor Gui Yangjun, official to the Quan Punishment Department Shilang, Sheng Tong Xiu, died, year sixty-three, Tan Wenzhong. From Chen Fuliang, Cai Youxue, Ye Shixue, Yu Baishi is familiar with alludences, and his eclectic family is a representative of the Yongjia School.
Three Japanese Scholars Leaked
In addition to the above six, the Japanese scholar Okamotoji also missed three.
In order, in the first year of Shao Xi (1190), the Yueqing people Qian Yizhi. "Song Hui's Draft and Election": "On the twenty-fourth day, there were five hundred and fifty-seven qualified people below Qian Yizhi who were qualified to play the famous jinshi Qian Yizhi and the following five hundred and fifty-seven people who were also the right counselors and attendants he Huan and the attendant Chen Yizhi of the Quan Shangshu Department." The "Continuation of the Pavilion of the Southern Song Dynasty" records "The Works of Zuolang Qian Yizhi, Zi Jizhuang, Wenzhou YueqingRen", Qian Yizhi and Qian Wenzi are cousins, the first professor of Taiping Prefecture, "Yongjia Four Spirits" Xu Jie once gave the poem "Send Qian Province Yuan to Taiping Prefecture Professor" as a gift. According to Ye Shi's "Epitaph of Lang Qianjun", it can be proved that he was an authentic Yueqing person, but the Song Liangkejia", "Chunxi Sanshan Zhi", was cloudy: "Qian Yizhi, the character Jingzi, Changxi people." He now lives in Wenzhou. Gengji Province. Final works by Saburō and Chichi Prefecture. The elaborate "Qi DongYe Language" also follows it. Obvious error, or impersonation, so that the number of provincial yuan in Fuzhou should be subtracted by one digit.
Qingyuan five years (1199) Yongjia people leaf taste. "Song Shi Ye Wei Ben Biography" Yun: "Scholar Zhu Xi, the first in the Trial Ceremony Department." When pseudo-learning is forbidden, the taste is on the learning policy, the rate of this course, there is no way to avoid. Knowing that Hu Hu saw and deposed, he knew: This will be a hypocrite. Having descended from the first place, Fu Congxi was in the Wuyi Mountains. "This matter has not been mentioned in the original biography, but the "Song Hui Wants to Compile Drafts and Elections": "On March 1, 2005, with the rebbe Shangshu Huang Yuzhi Gongju, the official Shilang Hu Hong, and the attendant Yushi Liu Sanjie and the Zhigongju were qualified to play the name of Jinshi Su Dazhang below two hundred and fifty-four people." In this year, Hu Hong knew the deeds, so Zhiye Wei was the provincial yuan of this year, and was deposed due to political persecution. As the core figure of Wenzhou scholars in the late Southern Song Dynasty and the most important Wenzhou disciple of Zhu Xi, Ye Wei, his level is completely enough to go up to the provincial yuan, and since he has tried the first place in the ceremonial department, the provincial yuan of Wenzhou should be added to the leaf flavor.
In the second year of Shaoding (1229), Chen Songlong, a Yueqing man. "Literature Tongkao · Election Examination V": "In the second year of Shaoding, there were 557 jinshi, The Provincial Yuan Chen Songlong, and the YuanHuang Pu." Yongle "Yueqing County Chronicle" has a provincial Yuan Chen Songlong. Qing Guangxu's "Yueqing County Chronicle" has "Chen Songlong, Zi Jingyun, No. Sanyu, Zhiji'an Fu", "Hou Hao's "Frost Cliff Collection", Dr. Chen Songlong's Preface, Shaoding Four Years Yin County's Teaching", "Chen Zhibao, Song Long's Father, Gift xuan yilang." There are fang tables", "father-son union, Song Jinshi Chen Songlong, Chen Guili, in Xinfang", "Xinfang, for Chen Songlong's former residence", "Taishou Chen Songlong's tomb in Hushan Island", which is undoubtedly a Yueqing person. And Song Liangkejia's "Chunxi Sanshan Zhi": "Chen Songlong, Provincial Yuan, Jia Ke, Zi Ying Chu, Minxian people, former Dali Sizhi." The elaborate "Qi DongYe Language" also follows it. However, the name and official position are different, and it is suspected that they are two people, or their ancestral home is Min County, and the household registration is Yueqing. In this way, the number of provincial yuan in Fuzhou should be reduced by one more.