In March 2016, I participated in the study of the Shen family culture in Xiangxiang and some activities to revive the clan affairs of the Xiangshen clan in Huxiang, and in the process of participating in the investigation of the clan affairs of the Shen clan in Huxiang, through interviews and consulting a large number of genealogical materials, I found an outstanding patriotic scientist - Shen Zuxian, an aerospace expert and the founder of Chinese instrumentation.
The fragrance of books smokes the lake Xiang boy Lang
Shen Zuxian, also spelled Yang Mo ( ) , was born on August 2 , 1916 ( the fourth day of the fifth month of July ) in a small mountain village named Wang Zanchong in Longdong Township, Xiangxiang County, Hunan Province. His father, Shen Buddha, supported the family as a clerk and a rural primary school teacher, and gradually developed into a more solid local family. Under the influence of the Shen family's "generations of books", Shen Zuxian entered a private school at the age of 4, entered the county town to read primary and junior high schools at the age of 8, studied ancient Chinese, also read new-style Chinese studies, read the "Zeng Wenzheng Gongjia Book" and the "Chuanshan Testament" compiled by Zeng Guofan, it can be said that Shen Zuxian in his youth was influenced and influenced by Huxiang culture, and basically formed the traditional Confucian ideal of "self-cultivation, family unity, governance of the country, and peace in the world". After entering junior high school, he began to accept the new ideas of "industrial salvation" and "education to save the country". Especially after entering Changsha Mingde Middle School and attending high school, he broadened his horizons, increased a lot of new knowledge, and the ambitions of "industrial salvation" and "education to save the country" have initially taken shape. In 1936, Shen Zuxian was admitted to Hunan University to study electrical engineering, and began to contact and learn motor instrumentation, after graduating from college, he was called by the Aviation Committee to work in the Chengdu Instrument Factory of the Air Force. In response to the requirements of the political situation at that time, the first thing every employee did when entering the factory was to fulfill the formalities of joining the Kuomintang. However, at this time, he had his own ideas for joining the Kuomintang, and resolutely resisted on the grounds that "engineering and technical personnel do not ask about politics", so he never joined. In September 1946, he passed a series of examinations and was sent by the Air Force to the United States Air Force Mechanical School to study. After completing his studies, he served as a mechanical attaché at the Air Force Office in Washington and a resident inspector for Slack Airlines. After Japan's surrender in 1945, the Kuomintang tore up the armistice in spite of the broad masses' desire for peace, and by November 1946, civil war had broken out in full swing. Faced with the increasing reactionary and corrupt Kuomintang and the economic depression of American society at that time, Shen Zuxian began to realize that his personal fate was closely related to politics, prompting him to care about politics, consider the future and destiny of the country, and question the capitalist system. He read many progressive books and periodicals, such as "On the New CPPCC" and "The Four Great Families of China," gradually understood the reactionary nature of the Kuomintang government, and opened up a new vision of understanding the people's decisions in the Liberated Areas. In 1948, when the defeated Kuomintang's rule on the mainland was on the verge of an end, Shen Zuxian was faced with a difficult choice of his life's fate; he was unwilling to stay in the United States to endure racial discrimination, and he was even more unwilling to go to Taiwan to follow the Kuomintang, so he resolutely decided to return to the motherland. In June 1949, under the kind care and arrangement of Premier Zhou, he flew from San Francisco to Hong Kong on the pretext of returning to China to resettle his family, and then took a British freighter to tianjin, and finally returned to the embrace of the motherland.
The call of the "mother" of the motherland
When Shen Zuxian disembarked from the ship at the Tianjin dock, Zhou Enlai's comrade in charge of liaison and reception quickly stepped forward and tightly held his hand: "Mr. Shen Zuxian, the motherland welcomes you back!" With the understanding of the arrangements in the Liberated Areas for several days, he felt the cordiality of the people of the motherland everywhere. Witnessing two different worlds in a short period of time made him very moved and strengthened his determination to build the motherland. Soon after, he was introduced to the Aviation Bureau of the Central Military Commission (the predecessor of the Air Force Command) and assigned to work in the Aircraft Maintenance Office of the Air Force. At that time, the location of the Air Force Aircraft Maintenance Office was in Shenyang, and as soon as he arrived in Shenyang, he immediately threw himself into various creation work. In the Air Force Aircraft Affairs Department, he has served as deputy engineer of the Air Force Aircraft Affairs Department, engineer of the Repair Department of the Air Force Engineering Department, engineer of the third section of the Production Department of the Aviation Industry Bureau, deputy chief craftsman and deputy director, chief craftsman and deputy director of the Aviation Instrument Department of the Third Machinery Industry Department, deputy chief engineer, deputy director, chief engineer, and director of the Science and Technology Commission of the Comprehensive Technology Research Institute of the Ministry of Aviation Industry. In 1964 he was elected as a deputy to the Third National People's Congress, from 1978 to the Fifth and Sixth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and in October 1979 he joined the Communist Party of China, for which he had been dreaming and fighting all his life. He walked step by step, obscure, the organization and the people did not forget, in 1984, Shen Zuxian was rated as a model worker of the Ministry of Aviation Industry, climbing to the peak of his life honor.
Overcome scientific and technological difficulties
In the early days of the founding of New China, in the process of imitating Soviet-style products, there were a large number of technical and material problems. Such as the winding of the ring potentiometer, the die-casting process and the design and manufacture of die-casting dies, precision casting, heat treatment of beryllium-magnesium alloys, processing of magnetic materials and product assembly and debugging. In order to solve the specific problems in this regard, Shen Zuxian used the experience learned in the United States to assist Taiyuan Aviation Instrument Factory to set up a gem bearing processing workshop, promote the establishment of a specialized factory for gem bearings, and make gem bearings based on domestic production. Together with other comrades, he also promoted the trial production of beryllium bronze in the factory of the Ministry of Metallurgy to meet the needs of manufacturing elastic components for aviation instruments. He also suggested the establishment of a drawing and painting team at the Taiyuan Aviation Instrument Factory to solve the problem of metal wires for wirewound potentiometers. In addition, in the establishment of aviation instrument technology research institutions - the factory's aviation technology research institute, Shen Zuxian also poured a lot of effort, many times to the relevant personnel to introduce the situation, personally guided the selection of the first batch of scientific research topics, in the later work also often gave help. In guiding the processing of small modular gears, the welding quality of bellows, the development of copper film boxes, and the die casting process and mold life extension in the instrument and electrical industry, many specific technical problems have been solved and welcomed by the factory. In June 1951, Shen Zuxian transferred from the Air Force Engineering Department to the Aviation Industry Bureau, he and Zan Ling, Wang Yuqi and others jointly developed the electronic flash tachymeter principle sample also turned over, after improvement and structural design, made the Aviation-1 and Aviation-2 two kinds of prototypes, after the Chinese Academy of Sciences qualified, a total of 50 units were produced for supply to various aviation factories, solving a key problem in testing the speed of gyroscope sensors at that time. Platinum iridium alloy shortage problem is the bottleneck of China's scientific development at that time, Shen Zuxian consulted a large number of information, comparative analysis, recommended the use of gold-based alloy instead of platinum iridium alloy. This is because the gold-based alloy can not only meet the technical requirements in terms of performance, but also its anti-organic pollution ability is better than that of platinum iridium alloy, especially the gold resources in China are more sufficient, the price is far cheaper than platinum, rather than 2000 kg of gold, not 10 kg of platinum. However, the use of gold-based alloys requires a series of problems to be solved in the process technology. In order to promote the solution of these problems, Shen Zuxian actively ran between scientific research, production, use and other departments. He first consulted with the Electrical Appliance Research Institute to develop a gold-nickel-copper alloy, and later created a potentiometer research laboratory in Baoji Aviation Instrument Factory, so that the scientific research work of potentiometers based on platinum-based substitutes had an organizational guarantee. In 1967, he successively held technical exchange meetings on gold-based alloys and the review of relevant standards for aviation materials in Kunming and Beijing, when it was in the early stage of the "Cultural Revolution" and the social order was chaotic, Shen Zuxian disregarded his own safety and loss, devoted himself to work, and completed the meeting task well with everyone. Under his initiative, by 1975, gold-based alloys were not only successfully used in related products in the aviation industry, but also promoted to other departments in the country, and were incorporated into national standards in 1978. The use of gold-based alloys, only in Taiyuan Aviation Instrument Factory, saves an average of 800,000 yuan of foreign exchange for the country every year. In the same year, Shen Zuxian won the award of "Making Significant Contributions to China's Scientific and Technological Work" at the National Science Conference. In the past, the aviation electrical components used in China's aviation industry were old products of the Soviet Union in the 40s, with poor quality, high scrap rate and repair rate. In view of this situation, Shen Zuxian, after a lot of investigation and research, put forward the opinion of "starting with components, the key is first, the direction should be accurate, and the quality is the first". On this basis, he also specifically grasped the improvement of aviation connectors, potentiometers, liquid electric doors and brushes, polarization relays, gyroscopes and other projects, and assisted the competent departments of the Ministry of Aviation Industry to hold a meeting on the planning and development of pressure elastic sensitive components. He also organized an 8-person working group attended by relevant manufacturers, spent 4 months to investigate 65 units in use, scientific research and production, and wrote an investigation report on the use of aviation connectors and improvement opinions and its 8 annexes. On this basis, according to his suggestion, the connector design research group was jointly formed by the relevant factories, and Shen Zuxian was responsible for technical guidance as a consultant. For the development of the motherland's aviation industry, Shen Zuxian is obscure, pours his mind, strives for excellence in technology, never satisfies the status quo, and strives to tackle key problems; what makes people more respected is that he has not considered personal gains and losses, honorary status, does not seek returns, is willing to dedicate, and is willing to be a "widow cow" who works silently in this life.
Fill the gap in domestic instrumentation
In the autumn of 1973, at the French Exhibition held in Beijing, Shen Zuxian saw a wire spring jack with good quality, high reliability and promising development. At that time, it cost 8 million yuan to introduce from abroad, and it was stipulated that it would be done within 3 years, which made them successful and they also had to get a commission from profits. With such harsh additional conditions, Shen Zuxian thought in his heart: Why can't we do it ourselves? Therefore, he made a project proposal recommendation to the connector factory. Soon, Under his personal guidance, Henan Yichuan Aviation Connector Factory successfully developed a wire spring jack automatic assembly machine and developed a wire spring type jack produced by China itself. So far, in the field of self-developed instrumentation in China to fill the domestic gap has taken a solid step, and it is a very successful step! The connectors produced by the plant were soon used in aviation products and were widely used in the fields of post and telecommunications, railways, computers, shipbuilding and radio. Shen Zuxian then took the second and third steps in filling the domestic gap in the field of instrumentation research and development. With his help, Yichuan Aviation Connector Factory has designed and produced a new generation of productSC series connectors. Since 1978, they have developed 12 kinds of low-frequency rectangular connectors for the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, and by 1982, more than 70,000 sets have been produced, which have been unanimously praised by the use units, and the wire spring jack has become a key product for the transformation of the military industry and civilian use, and has also become the main product of Yichuan Aviation Connector Factory. The professionals of the factory are full of emotions: "The single-leaf rotary hyperboloid wire spring jack products of our factory can have today's prosperous situation, which is inseparable from the guidance and help of Comrade Shen Zuxian, and it can be said that Comrade Shen Zuxian is the honorary chief teacher of our factory!" Shen Zuxian not only promoted the upgrading of China's aviation connectors, but also contributed to the growth of the scientific research and design team in this regard, so that the production of China's aviation connectors has the ability to shift from imitation to independent design. The weak link that affects the service life of the aviation motor is the wear and tear of the brush. The average life of a Su-style colored brush is only about 200 hours. According to foreign sources, this non-ferrous brush will be completely worn after 5 hours of high-altitude flight, and the black brush not only has good commutation performance, but also has a life of up to 3,000 hours. Of course, it is not an easy task to reach this level. In order to tackle the key problems, Shen Zuxian ignored his old age and illness, forgot to eat and sleep, and engaged in research and exploration day and night, from the development to the final production, he was like a soldier who charged into battle, always rushing ahead. After he completed the improvement of the black brush, he did not have time to catch his breath, and he worked hard day and night for the Beijing Shuguang Electric Machinery Factory to develop a brush ground simulation test machine. He spent more than a year using niobium diselenide solid lubricant plus graphite for testing, the results of the brush operation is good, and finally delivered at the end of 1979, thereby extending the life of the aviation motor, solving the technical key that has not been solved for many years - brush wear, reversing spark and other issues, greatly reducing the repair rate. In 1980, the polarized relays transferred by Tianjin Aviation Electrical Appliance Factory to Guizhou Aviation Electrical Appliance Factory had problems such as poor contact, insensitive action, and burns at the contact point, and the production pass rate was particularly low, and solving this problem became a difficult topic for Shen Zuxian. This "hot potato" is not that no one has touched it, but it is hot and dare not touch it again. Shen Zuxian did not know how much effort he had spent in order to overcome this difficulty, but one day he felt that "Willow Dark Flowers and Bright Flowers" suddenly came to inspiration: "Why not start with the components, start from the design!" Isn't this a "golden key" to overcome difficulties? So he went to the Chemical Research Institute to conduct research, look for new materials, and work with the factory to design and do experiments. After more than a year of trials and trials, this relay was finally finalized and produced. In order to extend the life of the product, he also invented the method of long-term storage. By-2 film node lubricant butt inserts play a protective and lubricating role, it is coated on the silver layer instead of gold plating, can save a lot of precious metals for the country, and this lubricant is widely used in the aviation industry. In order to promote the success of the early trial production of lubricants, Shen Zuxian assisted Professor Peng Daoru of the College of Posts and Telecommunications to put forward many opinions on the formula, and also provided relevant foreign information and suggestions during the trial production process. After the successful trial production of this lubricant, Shen Zuxian passionately proposed to the aviation factory to promote the use of this new achievement, saving the country a huge amount of money. Shen Zuxian's life in the aerospace and industrial and civil instrumentation field "cut the barrier", climb the peaks of scientific research, and achieved the peak of the results, but unfortunately, the scientific research he engaged in is mainly in the field of aerospace, is a highly confidential work, the lack of academic exchanges on the international platform, so his deeds are only heard in the industry, only in the domestic industry is respected, not known to the outside world, has become a veritable "cornerstone" in the field of scientific research.
Be an unsung hero
Shen Zuxian in the process of engaging in the research and development of aviation instruments and electrical appliances for more than 30 years, gradually formed his work style, he likes to do everything himself, do it himself, every time he completes a work, it is often from the first line of production to understand the problem, and then collect relevant situations and materials at home and abroad, find out the technical ways and specific plans to solve the problem, and then open up channels and organize relevant units to implement. When he encountered problems in the course of implementation, he continued to put forward opinions and repeated arguments until the problems were finally resolved. His work style of grasping the work to the end and being serious and serious has been universally welcomed by everyone. In his work, he leads by example, puts his work first, and does not care about personal gains and losses. He often said: "The 'Cultural Revolution' has delayed enough work, and we must step up our efforts, do whatever we can for the factories, be good staff officers for the factories, and spare no expense on our two legs to go down to the grass-roots units diligently and serve the grass-roots units." He worked diligently at the grassroots level, and the work style of serving the grassroots began to run through his life from a young age, and although he was old later, he still took the lead in setting an example and insisted on going to the front line to understand and solve problems. In October 1974, the comrades of the ministry invited him to go to the factory to understand the problems in production, when his 81-year-old mother died after coming to Beijing from his hometown in Xiangxiang, Hunan Province, just 4 days later, and the comrades advised him to go to the factory in a few days, but Shen Zuxian said that there were people in the family who did things, or the work was important. He only took one day to take care of the aftermath and embarked on a business trip as scheduled. In 1976, he was admitted to the hospital for gastrointestinal bleeding, but during his hospitalization, he wrote out his opinions on 15 technical problems and made specific arrangements. People saw him still working in the hospital bed, and he half-jokingly said: "Shen Lao, your office has moved to the hospital!" In that year, he was very worried about the friction moment test of the potentiometer brush carried out by the Wuhan Aviation Instrument Factory, and just when he was initially cured of his serious illness, he went down to the factory again, and after getting off the train, he walked for more than 3 hours in the snow to the factory. Another time he went on a business trip to a foreign country, because of the tight time, there were many units to go to, and it was too late to return to the guest house for dinner, so he used bread and biscuits as rice, and popsicles as water, and sat on the side of the road to make up a meal. He never asked for anything about the problems of his personal life, and did not add trouble to the factory. As the chief engineer of the Comprehensive Technology Research Institute of the Ministry of Aviation Industry, he not only earnestly grasps the comprehensive technical work of the institute, but also always pays attention to the auxiliary aircraft work of the entire aviation industry. In September 1982, he took advantage of his hospitalization to write suggestions on more than 10 technical issues, such as "10 Keys to Auxiliary Aircraft Life Extension and Their Arrangement Opinions", "Discussion on the Leakage Rate Requirements of Electrical Components of Sealed Aeronautical Instruments", and Ion Plating Construction. Shen Zuxian was well aware that the new technology of ion plating was developing at home and abroad, and the technical force in the institute was very weak at that time, and if the progress was not accelerated, it would affect the process of this work. In order to grasp this new technology, the institute set up an ion plating test site, he personally searched for and translated materials, trained personnel, and used his hospital stay to write "Feasibility Analysis of Promoting Ion Plating New Technology and Suggestions on Measures to Overcome Unfavorable Factors", "The Nature, Purpose and Relevant Interim Regulations of the Ion Plating Preparatory Group", "Regulations on the Responsibility System and Rewards and Punishments for Ion Plating Scientific Research Technology". Shen Zuxian is always so devoted to his work, but he always puts others, the state and the public interest in dealing with the relationship between people and between public and private, and even enters the realm of selflessness. When the institute allocated housing, it was more difficult for him to consider others, and he did not make any demands himself. When the organization and his comrades offered to add an additional room to him, he repeatedly politely refused, and did not let his son, who worked in the house, apply for housing. In addition, he is frugal in his family and is very strict with himself in life. As early as 1951, he handed over all the bonuses paid to him by the state. During the three years of difficulty in the country in the 1960s, the salaries of party members and cadres were reduced by 1%. When he found out, he wrote many times asking for a reduction in his salary. In 1966, his hometown needed money to set up a factory, and he sent 1,000 yuan. When comrades were in financial difficulty, he was always generous with his help. When the state called for the subscription of treasury bills, he subscribed to 1,000 yuan per year for 3 consecutive years. Books and materials were needed at work, and he often bought them at his own expense for everyone to read or send to factories. In 1976, in order to facilitate his work, he took out more than 600 yuan to buy a camera and put it in the work unit for everyone to retake various materials. In 1982, when he participated in the combination fixture study class, the tape recorder was not enough to use, shen Zuxian took out more than 1,000 yuan to buy 10 tape recorders and 10 tapes, together with a television set at home, and sent them to the study class in the western suburbs of Beijing with his son, which deeply touched the comrades. For colleagues in the field of national defense scientific research and for the field of national defense scientific research, Shen Zuxian never regarded the materials he accumulated in his work as personal private property, but selflessly dedicated. According to incomplete statistics, he has written more than 10 papers on the trend of technological development of airborne equipment and solved key aspects of technology, all of which have been published in journals, or preached at conferences, or printed as special materials and distributed to relevant units. He made all this information public, and the more people he read and copied, the happier he was. Shen Zuxian's single-minded spirit of serving the public is universally respected by everyone. Shen Zuxian always kept the cause of the party and the country in mind, which was the top priority of his pursuit in this life. Because he deeply understood that only socialism could save China, and only under the correct leadership of the Communist Party of China could we build a prosperous new China. Shen Zuxian loves the motherland and loves the beautiful life even more. Influenced by family studies since childhood, he has a certain love and cultivation of ancient poetry, and often expresses his feelings in poetry in his spare time. When his Cadre School of the Three Machines Department was moved from Hanzhong in Shaanxi to Xiangfan in Hubei province that year, what he saw along the way triggered his poetry, and he couldn't help but chant: "Full of pride and affection, a piece of Dan heart toward Xiangyang!" These verses were recited for a while by the comrades around them. One year he was recuperating in Xiaotangshan on the outskirts of Beijing, on the occasion of New Year's Day, and gave a poem: "Two vertical wrapped around the body of small soup, Tangshan is still a good scenery." The water in the pool warms the heart first, and the lakeside rosin flowers are more fragrant. Mo Worries came to stay and heard the magic sai xian fang. The New Year's Eve is late at dusk, and the road is thousands of miles. Between the lines of this poem, he exudes his optimistic and open-minded mind, contains ambitions that are still ambitious and ambitious, and expresses his sincere feelings for the motherland and the people.
The motherland will never forget
In November 1984, the organization took into account Shen Zuxian's physical condition and arranged for him to retire, he was in a mood of regret, he retired without rest, people did not leave, and repeatedly went to the office to request tasks, the organization took into account his health, did not arrange, but he still rushed to do the work, do not want any remuneration. In 1986, at the national cppcc meeting, some people put forward a proposal to investigate the introduction of refrigeration compressor production lines. Although his physical condition was very poor at this time, in order to overcome this scientific research difficulty, he rushed to Xi'an, Hubei Huangshi and other places from April to May, and then, in order to solve the problem of mold materials, he rushed to Xingping, Shaanxi. In June, he attended a work conference held by the Ministry of Science and Technology Committee in Guangxi, and from August to September, the wind and dust servants went to Xinjiang for inspection. On the morning of September 27, he went to the CPPCC to listen to the report and in the afternoon attended a work conference organized by the State Planning Commission. In fact, at this time, he was already ill and unsupportable, but in order to overcome the difficulties of science and technology as soon as possible, he seemed to have forgotten his age and body, and he had forgotten himself to the point of putting his life and death on the outside, and he never expected that his heart attack suddenly occurred, and after the rescue was ineffective, he died on the same day. People yearn for the light and yearn for a happy life, which are inseparable from the development of science and technology and the wide application of science and technology. In the more than 70 years since the founding of New China, the development of China's aerospace industry has been inseparable from the use of instruments and meters from the first artificial satellite to the practical fields of industry and people's livelihood. In this field, Shen Zuxian is recognized as one of the founders and pioneers, he is full of fists to serve the country, firm, down-to-earth climbing, obsessive, selfless dedication. Today, the achievements of China's aerospace industry have impressed the world, and all of this is the result of the obscure struggle of countless of our predecessors, including scientists like Shen Zuxian. Although his life was short, it was like a meteor that had once illuminated the long sky. The motherland will not forget that his brilliance will always shine in our hearts.
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