Former Liang capital Guzang (present-day Liangzhou, Wuwei)
Key takeaways:
Due to the lack of war and chaos in Former Liang, a large number of clans from Luoyang and Chang'an moved in, achieving unprecedented cultural achievements during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, which could compete with the Northern Wei and Eastern Jin dynasties, and at the same time Guzang, Luoyang and Jiankang were called the three major cultural centers of the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Luoyang
Jiankang (present-day Nanjing)
Guzang (present-day Wuwei)
The former Liang Dunhuang monk Le Zun excavated the first cave on the cliff wall, after which the Fa Liang Zen master and others continued to build caves, this cave group is called "Desert Caves", which means "caves in the high desert", and later generations followed the pattern and changed it to "Mogao Grottoes".
Qianliang started from Zhang Rail, pursued the national policy of rejuvenating the country through culture, operated for several generations, and finally became the soul of northern culture, in the words of Mr. Chen Yinke: "The study style of Han Wei and Western Jin, the system of Wei Qi and Sui and Tang Dynasties has been continuous for five hundred years."
Liangzhou statue
Zhang Zuo's title of emperor was of great significance to Former Liang, and he added temple titles and nicknames to the successive Liang monarchs, which was more convincing in legal system.
In 386 AD, he established himself as the King of Liang, and the name of the country was Liang, and the era name was Phoenix.
Soon after, he was attacked by the Former Qin general Lü Guang, and was defeated and captured, and beheaded in the city.
There is a national name, there is an era name, and it is certain that Zhang Dayu is the monarch of Former Liang.
Due to the defection of a large number of family families, Qianliang has inherited the peace for a long time, although it is remote, but its cultural achievements are very high.
The construction of Guzang City follows the Zhou Li, taking the law of heaven and integrating Confucianism.
Zhang Jun built four palaces around the Qianguang Hall, using blue, red, white, and black to correspond to the four directions of east, south, west, and north, and then lived in the spring, summer, autumn, and winter.
Leaving aside the matter of labor costing people's labor and coveting pleasure, this kind of construction Style is obviously a fusion of the traditional concept of yin and yang and the five elements.
This cultural connotation is simply incomparable with those foreign regimes in the Central Plains that only fight and kill.
Therefore, the later construction of the Northern Wei capitals of Pingcheng and Luoyang, northern Qi Yicheng, Southern Dynasty Jiankang, and Sui and Tang Dynasties Chang'an were all based on the charm and pattern of Guzang City.
The architectural pattern of the Chinese capital originated in Liangzhou (present-day Wuwei City)
Even the later city building plan of Nara in Japan was also a legacy of Guzang learned from the Tang Dynasty.
Nara
Guzang City is a model of East Asian capitals, and Liangzhou craftsmen will also become leaders in the construction industry in the Central Plains in the future, such as Li Chong, who built Luoyang City in Northern Wei, Shi Xian and Tan Yao, who built the Yungang Grottoes, the Duanlian family of Northern Wei, and the Duanrong family of Northern Qi.
In the pre-Liang period, Buddhism was also very popular.
Liangzhou was originally the hub of Buddhism's introduction to Middle-earth, so Buddhism was deeply infiltrated in this land.
In the fourth year of the former Liang Taiqing Dynasty, the monk Lezun Passed through the Three Dangers Mountain, and the golden light shone brightly, like the current Ten Thousand Buddhas.
So Lezun dug the first cave on the cliff wall.
After that, The Fa Liang Zen masters and others continued to build caves and practice Buddhism until the Sui and Tang dynasties.
This group of caves, called "desert caves", means "caves high in the desert".
Later generations followed suit and changed it to "Mogao Grottoes".
Since the beginning of Zhang Rail, Qianliang has pursued the national policy of rejuvenating the country through culture.
"Start with the Chongwen sacrifice wine, and look at the other driver." Five hundred people from nine counties were recruited, and schools were set up to teach them, and the spring and autumn ceremonies were performed in the countryside." - "The Biography of Zhang Rail column of the Jin Dynasty"
From the time Zhang Railgang served as the Assassin of Liangzhou, he followed Confucianism and attached great importance to cultural education, which shows his family's origins and personal ideals.
After several generations of operation, the former cool learning has been thick, and finally became the soul of northern culture.
After the Northern Wei Annexation of Liangzhou, a large number of scholars moved to Pingcheng, which played a key role in the final Sinicization of Northern Wei, known in history as "the Confucian Wind of Wei and the Shizhen of Pingliang Prefecture".
After that, the Sui and Tang Empires rose on the basis of the Northern Wei Dynasty, so the Sui and Tang Dynasties, known as the Second Empire of China, had to go back to the former Liang.
To sum up with a sentence by Mr. Chen Yinke:
"In the northwest corner of the Qinliang Prefectures, its culture continued the study style of the Han and Wei dynasties and the Western Jin Dynasty, and the system of The Wei Qi and Sui and Tang Dynasties was carried forward from the past to the future, and it continued to decline and continue to decline for five hundred years."
Chen Yinke talked about Liangzhou culture
At the height of the Tang Dynasty, Liangzhou (Wuwei) turned out to be the largest and richest
Those Liangzhou (Wuwei) dialects that make me laugh
The ancient Liangzhou that literati and rioters yearn for even has a "sea"
Cao Cao's confidant: The indomitable Eastern Han Dynasty famous minister Name Zhen Northwest Liangzhou Thorn Shi Qiao Xuan
The Eastern Jin Dynasty, Northern Wei, and Former Liang ranked among the top three, and the unique divided regime of the Wei and Jin Dynasties and the Northern and Southern Dynasties was Qianliang
The unprecedented cultural achievements of the former Liang regime during the Sixteen Kingdoms period were crucial to the Wei and Jin dynasties