Life is long and fleeting, some people see dust, some people see stars
The four most talented women in ancient China, Cai Wenji ranked first! Of course, there are many people who do not recognize this ranking, and today the painter does not discuss the reasons for the ranking with you, but only wants to see with you how Cai Wenji has grinded her life's suffering into poems that have been passed down through the ages.
Cai Wenji (蔡文姬), courtesy name Wenji (Chinese: 蔡文姬), was the daughter of Cai Yong (蔡邕), a famous minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Cai Yong was also a well-known writer and calligrapher in the Eastern Han Dynasty, born in such a famous door of books, Cai Yan received a good education from an early age.
Cai Yan is born beautiful and intelligent;
Fan Ye commented in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty: "There are traces of duanfu, and there is leisure and tolerance." Ou Ming feng fierce, Zhao I Guan Tong"
More erudite, especially good at calligraphy and poetry;
In the "Cai Bo Zhao Female Endowment", it is described: "The daughter of Yi Dazong, the nature of the gods and the benefits; in the twenty-eighth year of the Chinese year, the xian of Phi Deng Lin." The Shangzhi of the Ming Six Columns, the Language of the History of Women; the Ming Training of the Court, only then can they understand and understand the clouds."
At the same time, Cai Yan also has the ability to never forget;
According to legend, after Cai Yan returned to Han, Cao Cao once asked, "I heard that your family originally had many ancient books, can you still remember them now?" Cai Yan said: "At the beginning, my father left me more than 4,000 volumes of books, but because of the war and displacement, very few have been preserved, and now I can only write down more than 400." Cao Cao said, "I'll send ten people to accompany my wife to write it down, can I?" Cai Yan said: "Men and women can't stand each other, give me paper and pencil, I will write to you alone." So Cai Yan wrote down the contents of the ancient books he had written down and sent them to Cao Cao, without any mistakes.
In addition, Cai Yan is also good at musical rhythm;
There is a historical record: "Yongye drum and piano, the strings are absolute." Yan Yue: The second string. Yong Yue: The ear of the occasional. Therefore, the broken string asked, Yan Yue: the fourth string. Not bad. ”
This is the story of Cai Yan arguing that one day, Cai Yong accidentally broke a string while playing the piano, and the young Cai Yan listened to the voice next door and said that you are the second string broken. Cai Yong did not think so, thinking that Cai Yan was blind, so he deliberately broke another string, and as a result, Cai Yan accurately said that it was the fourth. That is to say, in the "Three Character Classic" that has been sung for thousands of years, it is said: "Cai Wenji, can distinguish the piano." ”
Cai Yan was able to reach the point where he could hear the sound and know the broken strings when he was young, and his musical level could be imagined. (Cai Wenji's father, Cai Yong, rescued an unburned and unusually sounding sycamore wood in the fire when he was "desperate for the river and sea, far away from Wuhui.") According to the length and shape of the wood, he made a seven-stringed qin, which is one of the four famous chinese pianos, "Jiaoweiqin", and after Cai Yong's death, Jiaoweiqin has been accompanying Wen Ji for the rest of his life. ）
Cai Yan really inherited all the talents of his father, and in some ways "blue out of blue".
Unfortunately, Cai Yan was born in a chaotic world, and his childhood has been turbulent and displaced, because his father Cai Yong wrote a letter criticizing the government and being exiled, and Cai Yan also followed his father to live in exile for twelve years since he was a child. Soon after, the corrupt Eastern Han dynasty began to be in chaos, first the Yellow Turban Rebellion, then the great general He Jin was killed by the eunuch Shi Changshi, and then Dong Zhuo marched into Luoyang to do his best to control the imperial government. After Dong Zhuo heard of Cai Yong's fame, he forcibly recruited Cai Yong, but fortunately, Dong Zhuo respected Cai Yong very much, and Cai Yong rose all the way, and within three days, he successively held the posts of Shi Yushi, Zhishu Shi Yushi, Shangshu, Shi Zhong, and Zuo Zhonglang General, and finally was named the Marquis of Gaoyang Township."
At this time, Cai Yan was just 16 years old, and Cai Yong, who had settled down, arranged the first marriage in her life for Cai Wenji. Cai Yan married Wei Zhongdao, who was from the Hedong clan, and after the marriage, the two were harmonious and very affectionate. Unfortunately, the good times did not last long, and less than a year after the marriage, Wei Zhongdao died of illness. Because there was no heir, Cai Yan couldn't stand the cold words of her husband's family, and returned to her mother's house in a huff.
Cai Yan had not yet come out of the grief of the widow, and soon after Dong Zhuo was killed, and his father Cai Yong was also implicated to death; Cai Yan became a rootless duckweed again, but the suffering was far more than that.
During the Xingping period, the world was in chaos, the Xiongnu took the opportunity to plunder the Central Plains, Cai Yan was also abducted by Hu Bing of Li Dai's troops, and exiled to the Southern Xiongnu, cai Yan, who had just experienced the pain of losing his husband and father, began to suffer from exile again. It is not difficult to imagine how much suffering a weak woman suffered during her exile in a foreign country, but Cai Yan was famous, and soon after, the Southern Xiongnu Zuoxian King adopted cai Yan as a princess because he admired Cai Yan's beauty and talent. During the twelve years of living in the Southern Xiongnu, Cai Yan did not give up his poetry creation, and also learned the local language and played the "Hu Flute".
At this time, Cao Cao swept away the northern hordes, declared himself a chancellor, moved the capital to Luoyang, and blackmailed tianzi to order the princes. At this time, Cao Cao remembered Cai Yong, who had "managed Bao's good" with him, and considering that his best friend had no sons and only one daughter was far away in the Xiongnu, Cao Cao decided to send envoys to redeem Cai Yan with heavy money. Although he was forced to stay in the Xiongnu, after many years, Cai Yan also had feelings for King Zuoxian, not to mention that they also had two sons, but in the end, he did not know what the reason was, Cai Yan still chose to abandon his husband and son and embarked on the road back to his hometown.
On the way back to Han, Cai Yan lamented that his fate was uncertain, and he thought of separating from his son, and he couldn't help but feel sad from his heart. It was also in such scenes that Cai Yan created the "Eighteen Beats of Hu Di", which has been passed down through the ages.
Lu Shiyong, a Ming Dynasty man, said in the "General Treatise on poetry mirrors": "The Tokyo style is decadent, and Cai Wenji is talented and heroic. Reading "Hu Di Yin" can make the shocked tent sit up and vibrate, and the sand and gravel fly on their own, which is really a fierce embrace. ”
After returning to the Han Dynasty, Cai Yan was married by Cao Cao to Dong Qi, the governor of Tuntian, of course, it did not matter whether Dong Qi liked it or not, after all, it was a marriage assigned by the Chancellor. However, because it was an assigned marriage, Dong Qi was not particularly good to Cai Yan, how could Cai Yan not feel so intelligent! So Cai Yan turned the misery in his heart into another work that has been passed down through the ages, "Poetry of Sorrow and Indignation".
Han Ji lost his authority, and Dong Zhuo was in chaos. If you want to usurp the land, you will first harm the virtuous. Forced to move to the old state, support the Lord to strengthen themselves. ...... Entrust yourself to the new people, and do your best to encourage yourself. Exile becomes contemptuous, and often fears that it will be re-donated. When life is geometric, I have sorrow all the years.
Soon after, Dong Qi did not know what the reason was guilty of the death penalty, and when Cai Yan heard about it, he went to Cao Cao to intercede with Dong Qi.
It just so happened that Cao Cao was entertaining the Gongqing celebrities at that time, and said to the guests in the hall: "Cai Yong's daughter is outside, let everyone meet today." Cai Yan was covered with loose hair and bare feet, prostrating his head to plead guilty, speaking clearly, feeling sour and sad, and all the guests in the hall were moved. But Cao Cao said, "But the instrument of surrender has already been sent, what should I do?" Cai Yan said, "There are thousands of good horses in your stables, and there are countless brave soldiers, and do you still spare a fast horse to save a dying life?" Cao Cao was finally touched by Cai Wenji and pardoned Dong Qi. When Cai Yan interceded for her husband Dong Qi, the weather was very cold, and Cao Cao saw that Cai Yan was wearing no shoes and his hair was scattered, so he asked his subordinates to give Cai Yan a turban, shoes and socks.
After this incident, Dong Qi finally understood Cai Yan's intentions, and the two began to treat each other sincerely and had a daughter. It was also from this that Cai Yan's bumpy life finally stabilized.
Gu Fang continued the history of the Han Dynasty, blood and tears wrote the Spring and Autumn, in the late Han and early Wei Dynasty, the era of turmoil in the world, blood and tears coexisted, Cai Yan, an ancient talented woman who had endured hardships, finally made herself a legend!
Wen Ji returned to Han
Perhaps the most controversial of these is why Cao Cao spent so much money to bring Cai Yan back from the Xiongnu:
1, some people say that Cao Cao likes Cai Yan, so he took Cai Yan back, and even laughed about Cao Cao's "happy wife", so he married Cai Yan to Dong Qi, but this is a joke after all, when Cao Cao and Cai Yong were good friends, Cai Yan was very young, Cao Cao and Cai Wenji would not be too familiar, and then Cai Wenji went to the Xiongnu, and Cao Cao had no chance to meet at all.
2, some people say that Cao Cao is because of the "friendship of Guan Bao", it should be known that Cai Yong is older than Cao Cao, and when Cai Yong was famous all over the world, Cao Cao was not famous, but even so, the two became friends of Mo Rebellion. After that, Cao Cao lamented that his friend had no heirs left, so he took the time, effort and money to take Cai Yan back.
3. Some people say that Cao Cao valued historical officials, and the reason why Cao Cao took Cai Yan back was that he hoped that she could inherit Cai Yong's will to continue to write the "Eastern Han Dynasty"; at the same time, Cao Cao could also leave a good reputation for nostalgia.
The painter personally agreed with the third view, but at the same time, he also felt that as long as Cao Cao was sincere in taking back Cai Yan, the reason was actually not important!