Tan Xinpei is one of the giants filmed in the second season of "Hundred Years of Masters".
Tan Xinpei (1847-1917), born in Huangpo, Hubei Province. The famous master of Peking Opera performing arts, the founder of the Tan School, the first old school in the history of Peking Opera, is revered as the originator of Peking Opera. In 1905, he made the black-and-white silent film Dingjun Mountain, which became the first film in China. At the age of 65, he performed on the same stage with 19-year-old Mei Lanfang, laying an important foundation for Mei Lanfang's fame. Starting from Tan Xinpei, the art of Lao Sheng was further standardized and systematized, and many Peking Opera veterans were patriarchal to him, known as the "Tan School". Its innovation of peking opera art has played a role in carrying forward the past and opening up the future, and there is a saying in the industry that "there is no cavity and no learning".
The family moved north and studied art with his father
During the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, in Tan ZuoWan in Wuchang, Hubei Province, there was a well-known opera group that sang Chinese tunes, and the owner of the class was Tan Xinpei's father Tan Zhidao. Tan Zhidao has been obsessed with Han tunes since he was a child, and finally officially "went to the sea" to sing opera, singing Lao Dan and Lao Sheng. His voice was high-pitched, very much like the loud and mournful "Heavenly Son" (Lark), hence the name "Tan Called Heaven". In 1853, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom armed revolution, Wuchang became a battlefield. In order to escape the war, Tan Zhidao came to Tianjin by water with his wife Xiong Shi and his 6-year-old son Tan Xinpei.
Tianjin is located in the north and south of the chong, Beijing actors to Guanwai or south, the actors in the south want to go north to perform, have to go through Tianjin, for many years Tianjin audience to understand the opera of the country famous, only in Tianjin singing red, can be regarded as a real famous character. Tan Zhidao, who is a little famous in the local area, is the same, hoping to make a name for himself in this land. At that time, it was a period when the two tones of Hui and Han were constantly merging, and the new genre of drama, Peking Opera, was maturing. Tan Xinpei, who grew up on the side stage, developed a strong interest in opera since childhood under the influence of his father.
Starting at the age of 7, Tan Xinpei began to practice with his father, followed his father to run the water and land docks, entered the Tianjin Jinkui class at the age of eleven, studied kunchao martial arts and old students with Pi Huang as the main body, and left tianjin at the age of fifteen. The fledgling Tan Xinpei was still naïve in his skills, and he did not have any ambition in the tianjin drama class, so he finally had to follow his father to Beijing, and then worshiped under Yu Sansheng. In Cheng Changgeng's Sanqing class, Tan Zhidao performed together with Cheng Changgeng, Yu Sansheng and other leaders of the major Hui class. Tan Zhidao is not a "horn", but because of him, Tan Xinpei has watched the performances of first-class celebrities since he was a child, which has laid the foundation for the future development of the "King of the Lingjie".
However, fate made a big joke with Tan Xinpei. Once on the stage to perform "Silver Sky Mountain", the voice was so dumb that there was no sound, and the inverted color of the whole scene made Tan Xinpei feel self-conscious, although "inverted voice" was a normal thing for Peking Opera actors, but for him, it was a fatal blow. Tan Xinpei, who was already a father at that time, in order to subsidize his family, once made a living as a dart and a nursing home, even under such difficult conditions, Tan Xinpei still practiced every day and studied martial arts. During his more than a year as a nursing home, Tan Xinpei studied Shaolin fists and feet, sticks, knives and jumping legs, and began to practice internal skills. Therefore, when he keeps vigil, he often carries a single knife, a crossbow and a bag of flying locust stones, so the jianghu people call it "single knife is called heaven". Later, his voice recovered, he returned to the drama class, and gradually became the king of the Ling world and the leader of the Jutan Temple, and this elegant name of "single knife and small called heaven" was still mentioned from time to time.
When the 23-year-old Tan Xinpei returned to Beijing again, he was finally appreciated by Cheng Changgeng, who was mainly a martial artist in the drama class and also the leader of the martial arts line. At this time, he carefully observed all the plays of Cheng Changgeng, and in addition to often playing with Cheng Changgeng, he was well aware of his divine aura and singing. For many other performing artists, Tan Xinpei is also humble to seek advice and observe carefully. The most taboo thing in Peking Opera is that it is similar to other people's singing voices, but Tan Xinpei draws the essence from many artists, integrates the strengths of hundreds of families, and forms its own unique singing style, and the "Tan School" is also beginning to emerge. The 44-year-old Tan Xinpei was selected to join the Qing Palace Inner Court Drama Class "Shengping Bureau", and even Empress Dowager Cixi was "no Tan and no joy".
Enthusiastic about public welfare, family style stretches
In the 33rd year of Guangxu (1907), the Tianjin charity Guangshan Association initiated the relief of the Flood Disaster in Jiangwan and invited Tan Xinpei from Beijing to perform a charity play in Tianjin. According to the newspaper records in Tianjin at that time, Tan Xinpei performed six times in Tianjin for five consecutive days, which was rare for Tan Xinpei, who was already over the age of flower armor. At that time, if you want to see Tan Xinpei's play, you must buy tickets a week in advance, the degree of popularity is comparable to today's first-line idol superstar, and this performance, the audience will naturally not miss, the lively degree can be seen.
The actors brought by Tan Xinpei this time were also well-known figures at that time, such as Wang Yaoqing, Jin Xiushan, Xie Baoyun and so on. Even if he has long been famous, Tan Xinpei still does not dare to have a little slackness in this charity performance, and he is even more painstaking in the choice of repertoire, and each play can show the artistic expertise of the actors. "Tuo Zhao Touching the Monument" is Tan Xinpei's masterpiece, Yang Jiye's sadness and desolation, and the mood of being in the cold north wind and the plight of the outside world that has run out of food are all vividly displayed by his poignant and moving anti-erhuang singing voice. And when the sound of "Ling Gong came here, removed his armor and lost his helmet", he saw him shake his body slightly and then remove his armor, and he threw off his helmet as soon as his head was thrown, which was extremely neat.
The Peking opera "Yuanmen Chopper" is a famous drama rarely performed by Tan Xinpei, but it was placed in the last performance of this disaster relief charity performance, which caused a great sensation. As a famous drama of Liu Hongsheng, this drama requires high voice, Liu Hongsheng's voice is high-pitched and smooth, and when it is raised, it is like a crack, sonorous and high. Tan Xinpei, on the other hand, has a different path, which is completely different from Liu Hongsheng's deduction method, and his singing voice is rigid and soft, delicately and delicately portraying the thoughts and feelings of the characters. In particular, he took into account Yang Yanzhao's status as a marshal everywhere in the play, and performed the looks of Yang Zongbao, the Eight Sages, She Taijun, and Mu Guiying in different ways and at different levels.
Tan Xinpei last came to Tianjin in the third year of the Republic of China (1914). According to the article "Entertainers for Performing Dramas" recorded in the "Ta Kung Pao" that year, "The Tongrentang Pharmacy in Kyoto, now the Darentang Semicolon is set up in the Yi street of this port, and the 22nd is the opening period, and the famous tan Xinpei and Wang Yaoqing are specially invited to perform drama banquets at the Guangdong Guild Hall. Unfortunately, there is no mention of tan Xinpei's public repertoire. Now we can only rely on imagining how many dignitaries and ordinary people came to see the style of this "great king of the lingjie" in the Guangdong Guild Hall that day, Tan Xinpei on the stage sang and did the beating, the audience on the stage praised one after another, and the lively scene on the scene must be self-evident. Three years after the performance, Tan Xinpei died in Beijing, and the church meeting of the Guangdong Guild Hall became his masterpiece in Tianjin.
In the historical records, we can find that Tan Xinpei appeared in many charity performances, not only that, Tan Xinpei also donated his income to build temples. On his deathbed, Tan Xinpei also warned his children not to live separately, because the money he left behind was enough for the whole family to live together, and if the family was separated, it would not be enough. As Tan Xinpei, who has an important position in the Peking Opera circle even now, not only had a generous reward from the inner court at that time, even if it was an ordinary church meeting, he appeared at least two hundred taels of silver at a time, and later reached five hundred taels, up to seven hundred taels, and his own income was enough to be included in the list of the richest people in the capital at that time. But he did not have three wives and four concubines, and only one property. According to the "Historical Materials of Yandu Pear Garden in the Qing Dynasty", Tan Xinpei once said: "Is it possible for the husband to produce the land in the dudu district? Whatever you do, you can produce it. And the laws of China are full of chaos at night, and what was respected yesterday is abandoned now. The Solitary Technique has been since Li Tang for thousands of years, and there is no prosperity or decline.
Ze was born later, and the peach and plum were shaded
In "Tongguang Thirteen Absolute", Tan Xinpei Huang Tianba's appearance is very heroic and deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and the aura of these thirteen absolutes is almost all occupied by Tan Xinpei, although he has a lofty status, but Tan Xinpei has never had a bit of a master's shelf, and he is very caring for the future life, Yu Shuyan, Mei Lanfang and other celebrities are brought up by Tan Xinpei.
Before Tan Xinpei's death, Mei Lanfang had performed with him on the same stage many times. In a church meeting, Tan Xinpei commissioned others to ask Mei Lanfang to sing "Mulberry Garden Sending Son", and Mei Lanfang agreed to come down, he knew that Tan Xinpei was promoting himself. On the day of the performance, Mei Lanfang asked Tan Xinpei to speak the words backstage, and Tan Xinpei said after learning who he learned from and with whom he sang the play: "Then I have a shoulder to explain." "That performance, Mei Lanfang was very happy, whether it was singing lyrics and reading white, or body parts, Tan Xinpei left Mei Lanfang with just the right size. Mei Lanfang is clever and earnest in learning drama, and Tan Xinpei also likes him very much.
In a two-person cooperation of "Shilang Visiting Mother", Tan Xinpei was unwell, Mei Lanfang repeatedly asked him to take him on the stage, Tan Xinpei said: "Child, it's okay, there is me!" After playing, Tan Xinpei suddenly fell back and had no choice but to leave the game halfway. Although the audience did not pursue it, Tan Xinpei was very sad in his heart and said to Mei Lanfang: "Child, wait for me to rest for a few days, we will come back to this play." A month later, the two really took the stage again to sing "Shiro Visiting Mother", on the spot he sang a sharp turn, high-pitched Yakumo, generous and good," his "cloud covering the moon" voice sang brighter and brighter, as if the moon came out of the clouds, with a metallic voice echoed in the theater for a long time. Tan Xinpei has always valued and promoted Mei Lanfang, and Mei Lanfang has great admiration and admiration for Tan Xinpei. Mei Lanfang wrote in "Forty Years of Stage Life": "The two masters in my mind, Tan Xinpei and Yang Xiaolou, are the two masters who have the deepest influence on me, although I am Danxing, they are Shengxing, but I have learned the most and the most important things from the two of them. He also said, "I think that Tan and Yang's performances show the performance system of Chinese opera, and the names of Tan Xinpei and Yang Xiaolou represent Chinese opera." ”
In Tan Xinpei's later years, Yu Shuyan finally worshiped Tan Xinpei as a teacher. Every morning when he got up to practice and sang opera to the master in the evening, Tan Xinpei held up a smoking gun to give Yu Shuyan guidance. From this point on, Yu Shuyan worked hard and finally got the true meaning of Tan. Although he could not learn two plays from Tan Xinpei, behind Tan Xinpei, Yu Shuyan was recognized by the public, and even Tan Xiaopei sent Tan Fuying to the door of the Yu family, asking Yu Shuyan to "promote Fuying more", which shows the success of Tan Xinpei's education of Yu Shuyan.
Source | Dust house
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Producer | Hou Xuan
Art Editing | Magical conch
The large-scale cultural project "Centennial Masters" is China's first large-scale series of biographical documentaries focusing on the masters and masters who made outstanding contributions to Chinese civilization in the 20th century, and is jointly produced by the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, the Central Radio and Television Corporation, the China Academy of Arts, the Central New Film Group, the China Literature and Art Foundation, and the Centennial Masters (Beijing) Cultural Communication Co., Ltd.
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From 2013 to 2017, the filming of 43 masters in the first season of "100 Years of Masters" has been completed, which is divided into art, calligraphy, Peking Opera, drama, music and literature. The filming of 57 masters in the second season of "Centennial Masters" has been launched in 2018, adding science and technology, education, traditional Chinese studies, architecture, traditional Chinese medicine, opera and film, which are scheduled to be completed in 2021, when the "100 Years, 100 People, 100 Episodes" documentary, "100 Masters Special Exhibition" and "100 Books Publishing" will be used as a gift for the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China.
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