In 1911, the Xinhai Revolution broke out, and Hubei and other eighteen provinces declared independence in response to the revolution! On January 1, 1912, revolutionary pioneer Sun Yat-sen was sworn in as provisional president of the Republic of China in Nanjing! The Provisional Government of Nanjing was also established! China's first bourgeois republic was officially born!
On February 12 of the same year, Emperor Xuantong announced his abdication, and the Qing government ceased to exist! China's more than two thousand years of feudal monarchy is over! Beiyang warlords have stepped onto the stage of history!
Sun Yat-sen and Tang Shaoyi
Soon after, on March 13 of the same year, the first cabinet of the Republic of China was formed:
Tang Shaoyi, a former Qing representative of the Southern and Northern Representatives, became the premier of the state; Shi Zhaoji, the former Qing Foreign Minister's right hand man, became the director general of the Ministry of Communications; Lu Tuxiang, the former Qing minister in Russia, became the general director of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Xiong Xiling, the former Qing Fengtian Salt Transport Envoy, became the minister of finance; Zhao Bingjun, the former right attendant of the Qing Patrol Police Department, became the chief of the Ministry of Internal Affairs; Duan Qirui, former commander of the First Army of the Qing Army and governor of Huguang, became the chief of the Army Department; Liu Guanxiong, the former general office of the Guangdong Naval Division's Camp Office, became the chief of the Navy Department; and Cai Yuanpei, head of the Shanghai Branch of the League, became the chief of the Ministry of Education Wang Pethui, minister of foreign affairs of the Nanjing Provisional Government, was appointed minister of justice; Song Jiaoren, president of the Legislative Yuan of the Nanjing Provisional Government, was appointed director of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry; and Chen Qimei, governor of the Revolutionary Army and Shanghai Army, was appointed as the director general of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce.
On June 27 of the same year, the first cabinet of the Republic of China finally crossed the taiwan due to the disagreement between Premier Tang Shaoyi and Yuan Shikai. This historic cabinet lasted only 3 months from its election on March 13 to its crossing on June 27...
Seven of the eleven members of the cabinet were former Qing officials, and the feudal landlords were transformed into "democrats" and held the army, navy, internal affairs and other departments with real power, while the revolutionaries only had departments with less power such as education and justice.
Prime Minister: Tang Shaoyi
He was 50 years old and a native of Zhuhai, Guangdong Province
Graduated from Columbia University
Previously, he served as Consul General in Korea, Tianjin Customs Road, Minister Plenipotentiary on tibet between China and Britain, Right Attendant of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Superintendent of the National Railway Corporation, Minister of the Taxation Department, Left Attendant of the Ministry of Posts and Communications, Inspector of Fengtian, Shangshu of the Ministry of Posts and Communications, Representative of the North and South And The North
Minister of Foreign Affairs: Lu Qixiang
He was 41 years old and a native of Shanghai
Graduated from Beijing Tongwenguan
China's first generation of career diplomats
Previously, he served as fourth secretary and interpreter of the Legation in Russia, counsellor, minister in the Netherlands, minister in Russia
Director-general of the Ministry of Internal Affairs: Zhao Bingjun
He was 53 years old and a native of Ruzhou, Henan
Previously, he served as the canonical history of Xinle County in Hebei Province, the supplementary use of Zhizhou Liuzhizhi, the governor of the Baoding Patrol Police Bureau, the general office of the Tianjin Southern Section Patrol Police Bureau, and the right attendant of the Patrol Police Department
Director-general of the Ministry of Communications: Shi Zhaoji
He was 35 years old at the time, a native of Wujiang, Jiangsu Province
Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy from Cornell University
Previously, he served as: Zhang Zhidong, Governor of Huguang, was also a copywriter of foreign affairs and the supervision of students studying in the United States in Hubei Province, the first counselor of the five ministers' foreign inspection delegation, the right counselor of the Ministry of Posts and Communications, the general office of the Beijing-Hankou Railway Bureau, the general office of the Beijing-Feng Railway Bureau, the jilin foreign affairs, and the left and right of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Minister of Finance: Xiong Xiling
At the age of 42, he was from Fenghuang, Hunan
Late Qing Dynasty Soldiers
Previously, he served as counselor of the five ministers' foreign expeditions and envoy of Fengtian Salt Transport
Chief of the War Department: Duan Qirui
He was 47 years old and a native of Hefei, Anhui Province
Graduated from the Beiyang Wubei Academy
Previously, he served as the supervisor and acting chief instructor of the Artillery Officer Academy of the Third Battalion of the Left Wing Artillery of the New Army, the general office of the Various Schools of the Right Army of the Armed Guards, the General Office of the Staff Office of the Beiyang Military and Political Department, the Military Order Department of the Training Department, the Commander-in-Chief of the Third Town of the Beiyang Army, the Commander-in-Chief of the Fourth Town, the Commander-in-Chief of the Sixth Town of the Beiyang Army, the Commander-in-Chief of the Tingzhou Town of Fujian Province, the Inspector of the Army Marching Officers' School, the Deputy Commander of the Han Army with the Yellow Banner, the Chief Examiner of the Huikao Army Graduates, the Vice Governor of Jiangbei, the Commander of the First Army, and the Governor of Huguang
Chief of the Admiralty: Liu Guanxiong
He was 51 years old at the time, a native of Minxian County, Fujian Province
Graduated from the Fujian School of Shipping Administration and the Royal Naval College in Greenwich, UK
Previously, he served as the first mate, assistant commander and first mate of the cruiser Jingyuan, the pipe belt of the destroyer Flying Eagle, the pipe belt of the cruiser Haitian, the general office of the Texas Machinery Factory, the chief of the Military Science Department of the Ministry of the Navy, and the general office of the Guangdong Marine Division Camp Office
Minister of Education: Cai Yuanpei
He was 44 years old and a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang
Late Qing Dynasty Jinshi, member of the League
Previously, he served as: Shu Jishi of Hanlin Academy, Editor of Hanlin Academy, Supervisor of Shaoxing Chinese and Western Academy, Principal of Shanghai Chengzhen Academy, Chief Teacher of Nanyang Public School Economic Special Class, President of China Education Association, Premier of Patriotic Society, Prime Minister of Patriotic Women's Studies, and Head of Shanghai Branch of the League
Minister of Justice: Wang Pethui
He was 31 years old and a native of Dongguan, Guangdong Province
Graduated from Beiyang University, J.D. from Yale University, and a member of the League
Previously, he served as a teacher at Nanyang Public School in Shanghai, minister of justice of the Military Government of Guangdong, advisor to Chen Qimei, governor of the Shanghai Military, and vice president of the Senate and minister of foreign affairs of the Provisional Government of Nanjing
Director of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry: Song Jiaoren
At the age of 30, he was from Taoyuan, Hunan
Graduated from the Ordinary Middle School of the American Sheng Kung Hui Wenhua College, a member of the League, and a talent in the late Qing Dynasty
Previously, he served as the vice president of the Huaxing Association, the prosecutor general of the Ministry of Justice of the League, the acting secretary of the League, the general affairs officer of the Central General Association of the League, and the president of the Legislative Yuan of the Nanjing Provisional Government
Director of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce: Chen Qimei
At the age of 34, he was a native of Wuxing, Zhejiang
Graduated from the Tokyo Metropolitan Police School in Japan, he is a member of the League
Previously, he served as the Governor of the Shanghai Army