He has experienced the most calamity in China for 100 years;
He was the first Doctor of Theology in China;
He is full of peach and plum, and is the gentleman of "Sir";
He founded three universities, Aurora, Fudan and Furen, which are the source of modern higher education in China;
On his 100th birthday, all walks of life throughout the country wished him a 100th birthday to the south;
He was called "the light of the country, the ray of mankind!" by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. ”；
In the face of all the respect, he said: "I am just a dog, I can only bark, I have barked for a hundred years, and I have not woken up China!" ”；
He is Ma Xiangbo, a famous Chinese educator and patriot.
Mr. Ma Xiangbo
During the turbulent period of the Republic of China, it can be called the controversy of a hundred schools of thought in modern China, and the star-studded people and masters made the entire galaxy of the Republic of China shine. If you only find someone to do the beginning of this series, I think it is only Mr. Ma Xiangbo. He is an excellent doctor who is fluent in eight foreign languages and has studied Chinese and Western languages; he is a forerunner of education who has devoted his life to education and is full of peach and plum; he is a recognized "leader of national salvation" at the moment when the mountains and rivers of the motherland are broken and the nation is alive and dead; he is highly respected, and he is admired by the two parties of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China and all walks of life in the country; and he is worthy of the list.
Top 10 "Sirs" of the Republic of China
In Mr. Guan's life, some people have summarized it into three stages: the first thirty years, given to religion; the middle thirty years, devoted to politics; and the last forty years, devoted to education.
In 1840, Mr. Ma Xiangbo was born into a well-to-do Catholic family in Danyang, Jiangsu Province, and was baptized in his infancy under the name Joseph. At the age of 12, he left his hometown of Jiangsu Dantu (now Zhenjiang) and walked alone for 11 days to study in Shanghai. At Xuhui Public School (formerly the French Jesuit-run Saint-Ignatius College, later renamed Xuhui Public School, now Xuhui Middle School), he studied French, Latin, Greek, philosophy, theology, mathematics and astronomy, and was familiar with both Confucian classics and proficient in the Eight Chinese, which can be described as learning both Chinese and Western.
Mr. Ma Xiangbo calligraphy
In 1870, he received the title of Doctor of Theology, joined the Society of Jesus, and was ordained as a priest. When accepting the title of doctor of theology and the position of priest, he said: Scientific knowledge is common to all mankind in the world, and should not be divided into Chinese and foreign countries, learning Western scholarship, "doing the best of each other's strengths, transferring to the Chinese people", so that our country "can do its best with the world", so "the name of the Western people society can be accepted.". Soon after, he assisted in the missionary and concurrently served as a supervisor at Xuhui Public School, while paying attention to the education of catechism, while teaching a subset of the history of the scriptures, but it caused dissatisfaction among the church, and the mathematical works written by the church were also shelved, and later sent Xuzhou to manage the church.
In 1876, the Xuzhou flood, in the face of the displaced victims, he felt compassion for the people, and raised 2,000 silver to help the victims, but was imprisoned by the church to "save". In a troubled China, there are white bones everywhere, determined to preach but unable to solve the sufferings of sentient beings, and in the face of the disaster victims' churches, they still do not care, and our 40,000,000 compatriots in China? In the midst of loss and compassion, he broke away from the Jesuits, and although he still believed in Catholicism, this apostasy caused the mother of the devout believer to die and did not want to see him.
In order to save China, Mr. Li stepped into the turbulent political arena. He has visited Japan, North Korea, the United States, France and Italy. The Restoration of Japan and the conservatism of Goryeo deeply enlightened him in the comparison, and realized that the art of national prosperity and strength lies in advocating science and establishing industries. He repeatedly wrote to the late Qing government to offer advice and advice, but all of them went to the sea; to prepare funds for the foreign affairs movement, he was highly suspected and had to die in vain.
The Treaty of Maguan was signed
What is even more tragic is that as an assistant and interpreter who accompanied Li Hongzhang (Ma Xiangbo's eldest brother Ma Jianxun was introduced to the Huai Army' grain station), he also had to sign several treaties that "lost power and humiliated the country". At the negotiating table, although Mr. Li used all his strength, mediated back and forth, and fought for the country, the late Qing government, which had long been reduced to the sword of the powerful empire, had exhausted its strength. A single tree is difficult to support the building will fall, even if there is a variety of learning, what can it be? For a time, what awaited him was the overwhelming cries of "traitors", and everywhere he went, they were all cold-eyed.
There was no hope of governing the country, his relatives died, and his disheartened husband resigned his official post and returned to Shanghai, lived in Sheshan, immersed himself in astronomical research and translation, and co-edited "Ma's Wentong" with his younger brother Ma Jianzhong. Based on Western language grammar, Ma's Wentong studies the grammar of ancient Chinese and creates a set of Chinese grammar systems, which has had an unparalleled impact on the study of Chinese grammar in later generations, which is also the first grammar textbook in China.
In 1900, he deeply felt that "the way of self-improvement is based on educating talents; the way to save talents, especially the establishment of schools" should be the first", and decided to destroy the family and revitalize learning. So he donated all his family property (3,000 mu of land property in Songjiang, Qingpu and other places) to the Catholic Jiangnan Sijiao for management, as a fund for the establishment of the "Chinese and Western University Hall", stipulating that the industry would be used as a student bursary after the completion of the Chinese and Western University, and impressively wrote "After self-sacrifice, there will be no regrets!" ”。
In 1902, the "Ink Bottle Incident" occurred at Nanyang College (the predecessor of Jiaotong University), and students withdrew en masse. Cai Yuanpei, who studied Latin from Mr. Cai, introduced some students to study, so he rented the remaining house of the old observatory in Xujiahui the following year (1903) and founded Aurora University College with the concept of "Chinese and Western University Hall", with himself as the dean, and opened on the third day of February (March 1) ("Aurora" is Sanskrit, "China" is called, including the meaning of "oriental sunrise, the future is immeasurable"), which is the first private university in modern China. With the aim of "extending Confucianism and cultivating translators", the school has a two-year academic system, and the major is divided into two categories: literature and quality (science), and it did not take long to develop into four major disciplines: literature, zhizhi (philosophy), xiangshu (mathematics), and morphology (science). Liang Qichao heard the article of congratulations: "This is the first time to see that my motherland has a complete and orderly private school, and I want to be ecstatic. ”
Ma Xiangbo and his student Yu Yu appointed
He raised his arms and shouted: "If you want to revolutionize and save the country, you must begin by studying modern science; if you want to study modern science, you must start with the understanding of its language and writing." If there are those who want to understand the foreign Chinese words and words, and prepare for the salvation of science by studying modern science, please return to me. "Call on enthusiastic young people to learn scientific and cultural knowledge and serve the country." He has no class in teaching, and he loves and cares for students, Cai Yuanpei, Yu Youren, Huang Yanpei, Li Shutong, Hu Dunfu, Shao Lizi... None of them are not taught by Mr. Among them, Yu Youren, who became the elder of the Kuomintang, regarded Ma Xiangbo as a regenerative parent all his life: "The parents of those who gave birth to me, Mr. those who raised me!" ”
Although he was a devout Catholic, he insisted that "Aurora College should not be turned into a school for religious propaganda, and all propaganda of religious doctrine should be withdrawn from the field of schools." In 1905, when Mr. Li was recuperating from illness, the Jesuits wanted to change Aurora into a church school, appointed a French priest as the chief teacher, changed the school policy, and established another regulation. Yu Youren took his classmates to the hospital to find Mr. Yu, and as soon as they saw the old man, they all brushed and knelt down: "Principal, we have no books to read." Hearing this sentence, the old man burst into tears - the great China could not even put a small desk! Together with the progressive students, he resolutely announced his departure from Aurora Academy and left aurora university, which he founded, with tears in his eyes.
Ma Xiangbo and Mei Lanfang
In order to let the children have books to read, the sixty-five-year-old man walked on crutches, running from place to place, raising money everywhere: "No matter how poor the country is, students should always have books to read!" He sincerely invited 28 people, including Yan Fu, Zhang Xiao and Xiong Xiling, who were enthusiastic about education, to serve as school trustees to raise funds for the establishment of Fudan School. Zhou Fu, the governor of Liangjiang, also allocated 10,000 taels of official silver and lent Wu Song's viceroy Yamen as a temporary school building for Fudan. On May 27, 1905, Fudan Public School (the predecessor of Fudan University) was officially opened, with Mr. Yan Fu as the president and Yan Fu as the chief teacher. The word "Fudan" comes from the famous sentence "Sun and Moon Light Hua, Dan Fudan Xi" in the "Shang Shu Da Biography and Yu Xia Biography", which is intended to be self-improvement; on the other hand, "Fudan" also does not forget the old days of Aurora, but also contains the meaning of reviving China.
Group photo of Fudan University in the 13th anniversary of the Republic of China
The elderly man, who is nearly old, dragged his elderly body and threw himself on the road to an education power, setting off the hope of educational reform in China. The relocation of Aurora University, the preparation of Aurora Women's College of Arts and Sciences, the preparation of Fu Jen University, and the preparation of Qiming Girls' School can be seen every piece of pile. He encouraged international students: "To save the country, do not forget to read, and read without forgetting to save the country." "Under the teachings of Dun Dun, countless pillars of strength have been cultivated. In 1917, when Cai Yuanpei became the first president of Peking University, he said to the students with good intentions: "The so-called university is not the size of the school building, not the age of the students, nor the salary of the teachers, but also the morality and profound learning." What he said is the whole connotation of modern education, and he was the first in China to put forward the universal values of education, the equality, hard work and enterprising of modern education, as well as the freedom of thought and freedom.
He never stopped, he had already achieved fame, and he worked hard to overthrow the Manchu Qing government and establish a new Republic of China, but the white-haired ancient rare years were still faltering on the road of national rejuvenation. General Counselor of the Political News Agency, Mayor of Nanjing, Director of Internal Affairs of the Governor's Office of Jiangsu and Acting Governor, Acting President of Peking University, Member of the Political Conference of the Beijing Government of the Republic of China, Senate Senate, Pingzheng Yuan Pingzheng......... The old man would rather burn his own wind and candle for a long time, but also to build a new China in which the country is rich and the people are strong. Unfortunately, in 1917, Yuan Shikai's act of claiming the title of emperor once again broke the heart of the old man, who indignantly wrote "The great thief of the world is greater than the monarch", and thus hung up the seal and returned to the south.
Perhaps the old man at this time can finally raise his life, but the China that has experienced a hundred years of ups and downs is destined not to calm this old man who is worried about the country and the people. In 1931, the September 18 Incident, Mr. Li was 91 years old, "Bad news came, the heavens and the earth changed color!" The country is in danger, and Chengda is at its peak... Although we take care of ourselves, we are willing to encourage responsibility." He deeply felt the depth of the country's difficulties, and ran for the cry of salvation; for four consecutive months, he delivered 12 impassioned radio speeches on national disasters throughout the country; published the "Letter to the People of the Nation for the Disaster of Japan," advocating "putting an end to internal strife and jointly defending against foreign insults"; he braced his legs and personally waved a list of books and a couplet sale on the streets of Shanghai, earning a total of 100,000 yuan to support the anti-Japanese volunteers; he successively initiated the organization and organization of patriotic rescue groups such as the Wounded Soldiers' Hospital, the Jiangsu National Disaster Relief Association, the China National Disaster Relief Association, and the National Salvation Congress from all walks of life, and joined Song Qingling Cai Yuanpei founded the "China Civil Rights Protection League", he was recognized as "the leader of national salvation" and "patriotic old man". He said that "shame is greater than the destruction of the country, and even if the war is dead, it is still alive", and he devoted his life to China.
Ma Xiangbo
In May 1936, Shen Junru, Zou Taofen and other well-known personalities responded to the call of the Communist Party of China to establish an anti-Japanese national united front and initiated the establishment of the All-China Federation for the Salvation of the Nation in Shanghai, demanding that the Kuomintang stop the civil war, release political prisoners, and negotiate with the Chinese Communists to establish a unified anti-Japanese regime. In this regard, the Kuomintang went so far as to arrest Shen Junru, Zou Taofen, and seven other leaders of the National Salvation Congress on charges of "endangering the Republic of China." This is the sensational "Seven Gentlemen Incident." In his letters with Feng Yuxiang and in the press, he declared that he was willing to vouch for his head and demanded that the Kuomintang authorities immediately release the "Seven Gentlemen". Accompanied by Yu Youren, he arrived in Nanjing and tried his best to rescue the "Seven Gentlemen". The "Seven Gentlemen" were finally released, and after their release, they made a special trip to visit the patriotic old man and take a group photo in front of the small building. After the photo was taken, Shen Junru, on behalf of the "Seven Gentlemen", inscribed the six characters of "The Head of the Drapery Horse is Zhan" on the lower left side of the photo.
Ma Xiangbo and the Seven Gentlemen
Just as student Shao Lizi said in "Mr. Ma Xiangbo, the Old Man Who Saved the Country": "The ultimate goal of my teacher Xiangbo's life, his learning, career, and faith is to save the country." In his life, for the country and the people, "firmly believe that the green mountains will not relax, and the roots are in the broken rocks", he has become the conscience of a country and grown into the backbone of a nation.
After the fall of Shanghai and the Japanese army pointed directly at Nanjing, Feng Yuxiang and Li Zongren arranged for mr. Li's family to move to Guilin. The following year, the fall of Guangzhou endangered Guangxi, at this time nearly a hundred-year-old man has long been ill and unsupported, Yu Ren invited the old man to Chongqing, but the Chinese land is full of wars, where there is still an inch of stability, unavoidable, the family took him around to Lang Shan, Vietnam. Lying in his hospital bed, he asked his family weakly, "Where have we been?" Is this China? "The family knows that the old man does not want to die elsewhere, but in war-torn China, where is there a place where the whole body can be buried?" The family could only deceive him: "Now we have reached the junction of Dianqian and Qian, and we have returned." Hearing these words, the old man breathed a long sigh.
On April 6, 1939, the old man was 99 years old and 100 years old. At that time, major cities across the country (including occupied areas) held birthday celebrations for the elderly, major newspapers issued articles to wish for the birthday, and the two parties of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party sent congratulatory messages at the same time. The 150th issue of Shanghai Liangyou Pictorial, which has always been known for promoting celebrities and beautiful women, also takes Ma Xiangbo's portrait as a commemorative cover to pay tribute to this "light of the country, the rui of mankind", and the photo of Ma Xiangbo with a blessed face is hung in almost every photo studio, making him a symbol of the ancient and indomitable Chinese nation. In Chongqing, Yu Youren, who was then the Minister of Supervision of the National Government, wrote a long congratulatory essay for his teacher, "Ma Xiangbo, a Hundred-Year-Old Youth", and wrote a handwritten He Lian: "When the whole nation resisted the War of Resistance, I wished a hundred years from afar and shouted long live with the soldiers; since the invention of the new education, hongkai Fudan has been opened up, and the spirit has been unique to the thousands of autumns." ”
Ma Xiangbo calligraphy
Mr. Li personally wrote an article replying to the hospitality of all walks of life: "The country has no peaceful day, the people do not talk about life, what is old and decaying, displaced from a foreign land, ashamed of no virtue and no merit, every time there is much life and humiliation!" Saving the country is more important than wishing for a happy birthday, and when uniting with the royal insults, we are willing to fight for the old and the patriotic people to resist Japan and save the dead. "And all the birthday gifts that everyone gave him were donated to reward the brave soldiers on the front line."
On October 20, 1939, the Xiangbei Victory, the family told the old man the good news. However, the old man was too excited and did not rest all night, so his condition worsened. On November 4, a few consecutive "Message! message! "Later, he fell down and passed away at the age of 100." Glory to God, life and death to protect China" The old man left, bad news came out, and the whole country mourned.
Ma Xiangbo and his granddaughter
The old man also felt guilty, that is, after the death of the eldest son Ma Junyuan, the students raised a sum of money to fund the education of their granddaughter, but the old man turned around and went to start the Qiming Girls' Middle School, leaving no penny for his granddaughter. After a hundred years of chaos in China, Mr. Li personally experienced the 5 emperors of the late Qing Dynasty and the 7 presidents of the Republic of China, and he carried the weight forward all his life, destroyed his family to run education, and educated the people, but fate treated him so unfairly, and when he died, he did not know that he died in a foreign country, rather than his beloved Chinese homeland.
Hu Yuzhi, editor-in-chief of "International News", once went to interview him, and the old man cried uncontrollably: "I am a dog, barking for a hundred years, and I have not woken up China!" "He has worked hard for the country, but the country is still poor and weak; he has inspired the people's wisdom and educated the people to save the country for China, but there are still people who are confused." The old man has mixed feelings but does not know that he is the beacon of that era, illuminating the mountains and rivers of that era, for more than a hundred years, the relay of the national will and the passing on of the torch, Mr. Lai, "Hsinchu is higher than the old bamboo branches, all rely on the old cadres for support."