Emperor Wen of Han seems to be a bad woman, and Sima Qian in the "Records of History" records that there are only a few women associated with Emperor Wen of Han: Empress Dai, Empress Dou, Lady Shen, and Yin Ji, and only these four are well documented.
First of all, she gave birth to four sons for Liu Heng, the Emperor of Han. Unfortunately, "the daiwang did not enter the emperor and the queen died", and Liu Heng died in the daiguo era. "And the daiwang was made emperor, and the four sons born to the queen died of illness", and when Liu Heng, the acting king, was proclaimed emperor, the four sons born to the daiwang died of illness one after another.
The death of the queen and her four sons has become a historical mystery.
It is speculated that the Dai Queen died after Empress Dou was favored, "To the Dai, the Dai Wang du luck Dou Ji", after Empress Dou arrived in the Dai Kingdom, the Dai Wang only favored herself, and the Dai Queen may have died of depression due to loss of favor.
The fourth son born to the dai queen may have been forced to "die prematurely" by the Lü bloodline, and Lü Hou forced "Liu Lü" to match during his reign.
As for Yin Ji, Sima Qian did not have much ink, and it is estimated that even Lady Shen did not have the ability to sing and dance, but was occasionally mentioned as a supporting role.
According to the "Family of Liang Xiaowang", it is speculated that Emperor Wen of Han should have at least two wives.
"Emperor Xiaowen's four sons, the eldest son, Prince Xiaojing, were emperor Xiaojing, the second son Wu, the second son, and the second son Sheng", the Xiaojing Emperor Liu Qi and the Liang Xiaowang Liu Wu were both born to Empress Dou, and Liu Sheng was supposed to be born to other wives.
This sentence shows that Liu Shan and Liu Sheng were neither a compatriot nor Empress Dou, nor were they born to Lady Shen or Yin Ji, so it is inferred that Emperor Wen of Han should have at least two unknown wives.
What we want to focus on is the relationship between Empress Dou and Lady Shen, who, like Empress Lü and Lady Qi, are also the relationship between empresses and concubines, but Lady Shen's ending is not as tragic as Empress Lü's disposition of Lady Qi.
Follow @Qipincaomin to see how Sima Qian recorded it from the "Chronicle of History"...
"When Empress Lü was empress dowager, Dou Ji entered the palace to serve the empress dowager with the son of a good family", Empress Dou was born in an agricultural family, and When Empress Lü was summoned to serve in the palace, to put it bluntly, it was the palace maid beside Empress Lü. "Good family" refers to the family engaged in non-industrial and commercial industries, but mainly farming.
"The empress dowager went out of the palace to give the kings, five people each", Empress Lü sent the palace women out of the palace, and each prince had five people. This was actually Lü Hou's insertion of ear and ear cronies around the princes. "Dou Ji and in the line", Dou Ji is also on the list of repatriations. From this point of view, Dou Gongnu was more trusted by Empress Lü.
Perhaps some people wonder that Empress Lü is engaged in "Liu Lü Matching", the princes and queens are all women surnamed Lü, is it necessary to install cronies?
The good fate of Empress Dou.
"The empress dowager made Lü Chan's daughter empress dowager of Zhao. The queen from the palace to The Lü, unauthorized power, and slightly serving the King of Zhao", in the "Empress Lü Benji" it is clear that Liu Hui, the king of Liang, was transferred to the King of Zhao, and Empress Lü gave Lü's daughter Xu to Liu Hui, and the palace ladies who followed were all from the Lü clan, and they had monopoly power and secretly monitored Liu Hui. It can be seen that there is more eyeliner, which is convenient for all-round monitoring.
"Dou Ji's family is in Qinghe, and he wants to be like Zhao's family", Dou Ji's hometown is in Qinghe County, and he wants to take advantage of this time to go out of the palace to go to Zhao Guo, so that he is closer to his hometown. Therefore, Dou Ji unblocked the relationship and said to the head eunuch who was responsible for repatriating the palace women: "Write me into the roster sent to the Zhao Kingdom." ”
"The eunuch forgot it, and mistakenly placed him in the daigoku", the eunuch actually forgot about it, so Dou Ji's roster was misplaced in the ranks of the daiguo.
Maybe there is providence in the darkness. If the eunuchs placed Dou Ji in the ranks of the Zhao state, then there would be no empress dowager Dou, let alone Liu Heng, the emperor of the Han Dynasty. The history of the Han Dynasty may be rewritten here. After all, Liu Ruyi the Prince of Zhao Yin, Liu You the King of Huaiyang, and Liu Hui the King of Liang were killed by Lü Hou for three consecutive terms.
"When the line is done, Dou Ji weeps, and complains about his eunuchs, and does not want to go." Xiang Qiang, nai ken", when the arrangement was made, Dou Ji wept and did not want to go to the daiguo. Under duress, Dou Ji set off for Daiguo.
"To the dai, the daiwang is only fortunate to Dou Ji", after arriving in the daiguo, the daiwang Liu Heng only favored Dou Ji. This "duxing" should have three meanings: first, Lü Hou rewarded five people, and only Dou Ji was favored by the DaiWang; second, the Daiwang Queen was snubbed; third, the Daiwang completely conquered the Dou Palace Women, and Lü Hou's "eyeliner" became his own.
"First, the daiwang did not enter the emperor and the queen died", at first, the daiwang Liu Heng was not proclaimed emperor, and the queen was already dead. This time is a bit blurry, and even the time span is a bit large.
Referring to the "Xiaojing Emperor Benji" record, "Xiaowen had three males before and after the time of the Dynasty, and Empress Dowager Dou was fortunate to die before and after", Emperor Wen of Han gave birth to three boys before and after (Acting Queen) when he was in the Dai kingdom, and when Empress Dou was favored, she died before and after.
Emperor Jing of Han was born and died from 188 BC to 141 BC, while Emperor Wen of Han declared himself emperor in 180 BC, and Empress Dou and Emperor Wen of Han also had the eldest princess Liu Yan. From this calculation, Empress Dou was enlisted as a concubine from a palace maid to Emperor Wen of Han for at least ten years.
In this decade, Empress Dou was favored by Liu Heng, the acting queen, and the acting queen died suddenly, "and the daiwang was established as emperor, and the four males born to the queen died of illness", a series of coincidences undoubtedly pointed to Empress Dou.
Of course, the viewers do not have to worry about whether the third son born to the queen or the fourth son, anyway, they are all killed, Sima Qian's deliberate confusion is nothing more than to remind the reader to slow down and think.
From the above point of view, compared with Empress Lü's "violentness", Empress Dou should be "yin and fierce". However, Empress Dowager Dou's treatment of Emperor Wendi's favorite concubine, Lady Shen, was not as ferocious as Empress Lü's disposition of Qi Ji. In the "Chronicle of History", Sima Qian gave Lady Shen four brief appearances.
Up to the forest, the empress, Lady Shen from. He is forbidden and often sits at the same table. And sat, Director Lang cloth seat, Yuan Ang led Mrs. Shen to sit. Mrs. Shen was angry and refused to sit. Anger on the top, rise, into the forbidden. Anin said before: "The subject is respectful and inferior and orderly, and the upper and lower are harmonious." Now that His Majesty has been established, Lady Shen is a concubine, and the concubine lord can sit with her! It is appropriate to lose dignity and humility. And His Majesty is blessed, that is, generously. Your Majesty is therefore a prudent lady, and it is appropriate to do so. Your Majesty alone does not see the 'human beings'?" So Kamai said, Summoning Lady Shen. Lady Shen gave fifty pounds of gold. - "History of the Chronicles of the Forty-first Yuan Ang Chao"
Emperor Wen of Han visited Shanglin Garden, accompanied by Empress Dou and Lady Shen. Because Lady Shen was the favorite concubine of Emperor Wen of Han, she often sat on an equal footing with the empress in the palace.
Ancient societies paid attention to hierarchical order and etiquette in everything. The empress and the ordinary concubines sat on an equal footing, and It is conceivable that Lady Shen was favored. Sima Qian's confession of this sentence gave people the impression that Empress Dou had a good temper, did not care about the difference between honor and inferiority, and was a model for the empress dowager.
According to the custom, the Shanglin Langguan also arranged the seat of Lady Shen on the same seat as the empress. Zhonglang saw Yuan Ang and withdrew The seat where Lady Shen was sitting to the lower seat, and Lady Shen was furious and refused to enter the lower seat. Emperor Wen of Han was also furious and dragged Lady Shen back to the palace.
Portrait of Emperor Wen of Han.
At the climax of the story, Yuan Ang's withdrawal angered Lady Shen, and Emperor Wen of Han was greatly angered. This is the "Biography of Yuan Anglie" to highlight Yuan Ang's adherence to the principle of righteousness, but it reflects that Lady Shen is highly favored.
Yuan Ang went after him to explain the reason to Emperor Wen. He said, "Emperor, you have already made an empress, and Lady Shen is only a concubine." How could a concubine sit on an equal footing with the empress? What you are doing now is actually bringing misfortune to Mrs. Shen, and the matter of 'Ren Yan' is a lesson for the past! ”
Yuan Ang's "Ren Yan" refers to Lady Qi. Lady Qi relied on Gaozu's favor and competed with Lü Hou for favor, and also wanted to replace the crown prince Liu Ying. After GaoZu's death, Lü Hou cruelly chopped off Lady Qi's limbs, blinded her eyes, deafened her ears, and injected dumb medicine, finally throwing her into the toilet, and later killing her.
The "Ren Yan" incident was only a matter of more than ten years before Emperor Han Wen's succession to the throne, and after Yuan Anyi's analysis, Emperor Han Wen was immediately shocked. "Shangnai Said" is estimated to be the expression of Emperor Wen of Han after he calmed down, and he was pleased with Yuan Ang's reminder. He immediately told Lady Shen what Yuan Ang had said.
"Lady Shen gave ang gold fifty catties", and Lady Shen rewarded Yuan An with fifty catties of gold. Sima Qian used only a few words to illustrate Lady Shen's wisdom, and she understood Yuan Ang's meaning of advice; rewarding Yuan Ang also meant that Lady Shen was "soft" to Empress Dou.
During Emperor Wen's reign, Empress Dou did nothing politically, but during the jing and wu dynasties, Empress Dou's control of power was no less than that of Empress Lü. After Emperor Wu of Han succeeded to the throne, he appointed Dou Bao, Tian Jie, Zhao Xuan, and Wang Zang, advocating Confucianism and abandoning Taoism, which was easily emptied by Empress Dou. It can be said that it is "listening to thunder in the silent place", and if it is not moving, it is already earth-shattering.
It is conceivable that if Mrs. Shen also crossed the thunder pool like Mrs. Qi, or had more ideas, then the end would definitely be worse.
Tilt it, to the middle of the lang general. From the line to Baling, living in the north of the toilet. It was Lady Shi Shen who instructed Lady Shen Xinfeng Dao, "This is also the Handan Road." "Lady Shen drummed and sang, meaning miserable and sad. - "History of The Forty-second Chronicle of Zhang Shizhi Feng Tang"
After a while, Zhang Shizhi was promoted to the position of Zhonglang General. Follow Emperor Wen of Han to Baling, who stands on the north side of Baling and looks out. At that time, Lady Shen was also accompanying her, and Emperor Wen showed her the road to Xinfeng with his hand, and said, "This is the road to Handan." Then, let Lady Shen play Ser, and Emperor Wen of Han himself sang along with Ser's tune, feeling miserable and sad in his heart.
In the "Biography of Zhang Shizhi", this part of the content is quite puzzling, and the comparison between the before and after of @Seven Pin Grass People has not yet pondered the deep meaning. Perhaps it is particularly pointed out that Lady Shen is good at singing and dancing relative to Yin Ji and Empress Dou.
The content undertaken earlier is that "the prince and the king of Liang entered the dynasty together, not down Sima Men", the Han Jing Emperor Liu Qi and the two brothers Liu Wu, the Prince of Liang, took a car to the court, and when they arrived at Sima Men, they did not get off the car and walk, and were blocked and impeached by Zhang Shizhi. Emperor Wen of Han interceded and failed to forgive, and in the end Empress Bo issued an edict to pardon him.
The next continuation is how Emperor Wen of Han lamented how to ensure that the tomb would not be robbed after death, Zhang Shizhi said, "So that there is no desire in it, although there is no stone rafter, what is the relationship", if there is nothing in it that arouses people's desire, even if there is no sarcophagus, what is there to worry about?
Therefore, @Qipin Caomin interpreted this Duan Quan and understood that Emperor Wendi of Han still maintained his favor for Lady Shen until his old age, and can only say that Lady Shen did attract the favor of Emperor Wen of Han.
Since Lady Shen was so favored by Emperor Wen of Han, and did not suffer from Empress Dou's jealousy and persecution, this was invaluable. According to @Seven Pin Grass People's analysis, the reasons are probably as follows:
First, Mrs. Shen is humble.
Lady Shen, who is often dressed in silk, is fortunate to be careful, so that the clothes must not be dragged to the ground, and the drapery must not be embroidered, so as to show the simplicity and be the first in the world. - "History of the Tenth Emperor Xiaowen of the Benji Dynasty"
"Tassels" are clothes with rough materials. "Dragging" means dragging to the ground. "Wen embroidery" is embroidered with gorgeous silk fabrics or clothes. The "drapery" is the veil, the bed tent.
Emperor Wen of Han usually wore thick silk clothes, and for the favored Lady Shen, she was not allowed to wear clothes that dragged the floor, and the tents used were not allowed to embroider colorful patterns, in order to show frugality and set an example for the people of the world.
Although this sentence is used to express the frugality of Emperor Wen of Han. On the other hand, it also proves that Lady Shen was very interested in cooperating with Emperor Wen of Han and sharing happiness and suffering with him. Although he was also an Israelite, he would guess Emperor Wen's thoughts, so he was favored by Emperor Wen.
Second, Lady Shen had no heirs.
"Emperor Wen was fortunate to have Lady Handan Shen and Yin Ji, both of whom were sons." - "History of the Nineteenth Foreign Relative"
Compared with Lady Qi, Lady Shen posed no threat to Empress Dou.
Lady Qi gave birth to Zhao Yin Wang Ruyi, only because of Gao Zu's "Ruyi class me", Lady Qi "wept day and night, wanting to establish her son as a prince", and "several generations of princes are counted". This made Lü Hou always worry, and later under Zhang Liang's planning, he was able to keep Liu Ying's position as crown prince. "Mother is precious by virtue of her son", And Empress Lü finally retained the position of empress.
Lady Shen's childless relationship with Empress Dou would not deteriorate as Lady Qi and Empress Lü did.
Third, Lady Shen and Empress Dou were fellow countrymen.
In "The Family of Foreign Relatives", there are more concentrated introductions to Empress Dou. "Empress Dou, Zhao Zhiqinghe Guanjin people also", indicating that Empress Dou was a Guanjin person from Qinghe County, Zhao Kingdom.
"Empress Dou is sick and blind. Emperor Wen was fortunate that Lady Shen and Yin Ji of Handan were not sons", this sentence clearly stated that Lady Shen and Yin Ji were from Handan, and Handan also belonged to the State of Zhao; second, Empress Dou was blind due to illness, and Lady Shen and Yin Ji were favored.
Lady Shen, Yin Ji and Empress Dou may have a deeper friendship in addition to their hometown friendship. Perhaps Lady Shen or Empress Dou took the initiative to introduce her to Emperor Wen of Han, otherwise how to understand that there was no childbearing?
Fourth, Empress Dou joined forces to fight against the "Middle Favored Subjects".
The opening title of the "Biography of Yu Xinglie" is, "Not only the only daughter is charming, but also the eunuchs", not only women are flattered by sex, but also by men who are scholars and eunuchs.
Judging from the number of heirs, Emperor Wen of Han was indeed not a good woman. Sima Qian listed more "zhongzhong favorites" to Emperor Wen of Han, "the scholar Deng Tong, the eunuch Zhao Tong, and the Northern Palace Uncle".
Among them, Emperor Wendi of Han's favor for Deng Tong paraphrased a line by Zhou Xingchi, "It is like the gushing river is endless, and it is like the Yellow River flooding uncontrollably." In today's terms, Deng Tong was simply Emperor Wendi's dream lover. You also have to admit that anyone who has read Sima Qian's account will think so.
"Deng Tong has no tricks (talents)", but "Emperor Wen is always like Deng Tong's family game (what game?). Sleepers are always around. Emperor Wen of Han rewarded Deng Tong with "ten thousand, and the official was the supreme doctor".
It is usually believed that Emperor Wen of Han was very fond of Lady Shen and very frugal. In fact, from the fact that Emperor Wen of Han rewarded Deng Tong and authorized Deng Tong to mint coins, the frugal wealth in the harem was not enough to waste on Deng Tong.
Empress Dou was old and blind, and unable to do anything about Emperor Wen of Han's alternative love, so she introduced Lady Shen to try to save Emperor Wen, a speculation that was not impossible.
a good image
All of the above is why Lady Shen was favored by Emperor Wen of Han and not persecuted by Empress Dou. I don't know if you guys agree? Welcome to the @Seven Pin Grass People interactive commentary to explore the hidden secrets of "History".