Why is the tomb of the Yan family in Zhuzhai Town, Pei County square?
PeiXian has a well-known historical figure named Yan Ermei (1603-1679), a poet in the late Ming Dynasty, a giant of the Fushe Society, and a chongzhen Gengwuke. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, he cut his hair and became a monk, calling himself a monk in the East. Together with Tongshan Wanshouqi, he is called "the second remnant of Xuzhou".
Yan Ermei's tomb is 30 miles west of Peicheng, west of Xinghua Village on the east bank of the Dasha River.
The tomb complex now has seven square tombs, facing southeast. The first on the left is the tomb of his wife, Lady Fan, on the right is the tomb of his father Jingwen Cemetery, the second on the right is the tomb of his grandson Yan Xi, and on the right are the three tombs of his descendants. The tombs are hidden in the lush pines and cypresses, solemn and mysterious.
Curiously, all the tombs of the Yan family are square in shape, which is incompatible with the shape of the surrounding tombs we have seen.
What is the reason for this?
Portrait of Yan Ermei
Yan Ermei lived in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and was an anti-Qing warrior who resisted festivals and kept his will.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, he participated in the restoration of the society together with Chen Zilong, Xia Yunyi, Zhang Tianru and other organizations of Jiangnan Shizi.
When the Qing army entered the pass, he organized the training of township braves in Pei County to resist the Qing army, and went to shi ke's French army to plan a strategy for war and defense in an attempt to restore the Ming Dynasty's Jiangshan society.
Yan Ermei was wanted by the Qing government for his anti-Qing, "a donkey died, the four seas were homeless", exiled for forty years, still caring for the former dynasty, keeping his will unswerving.
Yan Ermei is a famous poet, who wrote more than 2,000 poems in his lifetime, expressing the thoughts of the country and the people, and reporting the indignation of the country without a door, including the "Complete Collection of Ancient Yan Gu" and "The Collection of Bai YunShan People".
In the eighteenth year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1679 AD), Yan Ermei died of illness at the age of 77 in the home of Xingtuqi.
▲ The in-law relationship recorded in the "Genealogy of the Gu Pei King" in the nineteenth year of Qing Guangxu
Mr. Yan Ermei had five wives: two Zhang Erwang and One Fan, one was the granddaughter of Zhang Zhenguan of Pei County, one was the aunt of Wu Shan of Huai'an, one was the aunt of Wang Zhidu of the JinyunTang clan of Hantai Jinyuntang in Pei County, one was the daughter of Wang Xiangchen of the Wang clan of the Three Huai Tang clan of Pei County (that is, the maternal aunt of Wang Zhongkui VIII of Lulou), and one fan was from Shanxi, and the family situation is unknown.
Mr. Yan Ermei's second son:
Yan Jiong and Yan Zhuo, whose descendants now have more than a thousand people, live in yanji, yanzhai, yanchalou and other villages, and the hall name is "Sun Moon Hall".
Three daughters: Zhang Xizeng of Lulou Zhangzhuang of Yishi Pei County; Zhang Yuanchang of Pu County, Suzhou, Anhui Province; And He Yu toad.
Yan's original residence is in the east of Gengzhuang, which is bordered by Weishan Lake and the Grand Canal, low-lying and wet, and often plagued by floods.
In the western area of Shahe, the terrain is relatively high, and it is relatively close to Yan's Beiye Xizhuang (Yanji) and Nanzhuang (Macun), so it is buried in Xingxing Tuqi.
In the twelfth year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1671 AD), Yan Ermei ended his exile and returned from Taiyuan.
He did not want to live with his children, so he built a grass hall near the apricot blossom soil and built a number of trees, one for the tomb of his parents, and performed filial piety. Second, stay away from the complicated world, rest in peace, and concentrate on writing.
In this remote and deserted village, Yan Ermei read old works, printed poetry collections, and quietly summarized life. In Xinghua Tuyuan, he wrote 17 "Emperor Tong Music", from Pangu, the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, all the way to Ming Taizu, commenting on their virtue of governing the country and pinning their thoughts on the aspirations of the Ming Dynasty.
In his later years, Yan Ermei's mood gradually returned to light and leisure.
During the period of the village residence, there were 10 seven-word poems entitled "Apricot Soil Miscellaneous Songs", which described in detail the natural environment and customs of the apricot blossom soil and the natural environment and customs on both sides of the Shahe River, leaving many stories for future generations.
For example, the first song: "Weishan Lake surrounds Hantai Township, and the lotus flowers are hundreds of miles long." When the golden causeway opened the urn, Xilin swept the apricot soil and the village. ”
The East Village Gengzhuang is in The West Hantai lake, and the Xilin Apricot Soil ridge is on the shore of the Shahe River, which has been invaded by floods, so this area is becoming increasingly desolate.
Another example is the fourth song: "The peak of Huashan Is hidden in the south of the bridge, and the light rain and new sunshine are slightly exposed." For the right reason, he painted things artificially, and went upstairs to write yanlan at will. ”
Mount Hua is more than ten miles south of the apricot blossom soil, vaguely visible, across the bridge is not far north of the village, the mountains and rivers are suitable, and there are fellow visitors, no wonder he is happy with the land, "the pine wind is a god" ("Apricot Soil Ridge Miscellaneous Songs" No. 3).
The seventh song recreates the scene of the Shahe River in that year:
"The grass is evenly balanced and the wheat path is oblique, and the children of the green children pick up the sprouts." Red peach and willow are jagged, dotted with white apricot blossoms in the middle. ”
The trails in the wheat fields and the buds of boys and girls along the river are the true reproduction of the living environment of the people on both sides of the Shahe River in those years.
"The most miserable family is often poor rice, idle pear jujube sold in the world", the old man can not eat, can only sell books to survive.
In the eighteenth year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1679 AD), Yan Ermei died in the Apricot Blossom Tuyuan Caotang and was buried on the side of the ancestor Zhaoyu, which is the yan Ermei cemetery in the west of the present-day Xinghua Village.
Before his death, he confessed to his children, and after his death, he buried deep in the ground and pre-leveled the grave to prevent persecution by the Qing regime.
Yan Ermei resolutely did not compromise with the Qing court, and after his death, he resolutely did not use the funeral system of the Qing Dynasty, but adopted the etiquette system of the Han people, expressing his firm anti-Qing will in the form of covering the tomb.
Yan Ermei's Testament:
After a hundred years, the Honorable Han System was based on Ming customs and built a square tomb. The tomb does not erect a stele, does not note the number of the Great Qing Year, and pays the year with dry support. There are monuments buried in the ground in front of the grave. Future generations, only read books and do not know. Later generations adopted the five-element cycle method.
Since then, the Peidi Yan clan has built a square top for the tomb, which is different from other clan surnames. Under the vast yellow sand, buried is a lonely and loyal soul; on the east bank of the Taotaosha River, walking through a remnant who escaped from Zen, the Dasha River has witnessed everything that has happened.
Because Yan Ermei built a church in the apricot blossom soil, his friend Mr. Gong Dingxiaowen wrote the book "WenjieTang".
After Yan Ermei's death, peiren engraved "Mr. Wenjie" on the stele. For the next two hundred years, Yan Tomb was lonely and miserable, and no one watched for it.
During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, Ma Guangxun, a member of the Shizhu Hall of Sichuan (now part of Chongqing Municipality), served as the third pei ling, and he made outstanding achievements in the administration of Pei, loved the people, and was deeply respected by the Pei people.
From the repeated narrations of the scholars, he learned of Yan Ermei's bright and upright scholarly spirit, and he suddenly had the feeling of "the mountain is up, and the scenery is stopped".
He himself had a rough career and was deposed because of Pei Min's request.
In order to carry forward the righteousness of the scholars and follow the example of future generations, Ma Guangxun ordered the allocation of 300 acres of land to build a cemetery for Yan Ermei, privately donated filial piety, Le Yu Zhenmin, and personally wrote "The Tomb of Mr. Ming Xiaolian Yan Gugu", and the inscription detailed the deeds of Mr. Gugu's life.
The stele still stands in front of mr. Gugu's tomb. In order to protect this cultural relic, later generations built a monument and carved auspicious patterns.
Later, with the change of the times, the cemetery was gradually cultivated by farmers, the area was reduced, and the bamboo was damaged.
During the Republic of China period, Feng Zigu, the county magistrate of Pei County, rezoned 81 acres of land, and more than 700 pines and cypresses were replanted around, and the cemetery became a grand view again.
After the founding of New China, Yan Ermei's cemetery and tombstones were protected as historical relics.
In 1957, The Ancient Tomb of Yangu was approved by the People's Government of Jiangsu Province as a provincial third-level cultural relics protection unit.
In October 2002, Yangu Ancient Tomb was approved as a provincial cultural relics protection unit.
Yan Ermei devoted his life to opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty, and although he was arrested and imprisoned, he was indomitable and indomitable, and his spiritual character became a precious spiritual heritage of the people of Peixian County.