Shanhaiguan, also known as Yuguan, Yuguan and Linluguan, is a demonstration point for the national civilized scenic tourism area. It is located 15 kilometers northeast of Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province, bringing together the essence of China's ancient Great Wall, one of the northeast passes of the Ming Great Wall, before 1990 was considered to be the eastern starting point of the Ming Great Wall, known as "the first pass in the world", "the throat of the border county, the guarantee of the Beijing Division". It echoes with Jiayuguan thousands of miles away and is famous all over the world.
The first pass in the world, Shanhaiguan
Legend has it that this year, the Shanhaiguan Castle Tower, known as the world's first pass, was rebuilt, and He Shaoji, a great calligrapher who was famous all over the country, was returning from Kyoto to visit his hometown. Someone came to Daozhou with a heavy gold and generous gift, and asked He Shaoji to write the three words "Mountain and Sea Customs". Although the visitors came to the door many times to ask for a meeting, they were all rejected by He Shaoji. So the visitor asked He Shaoji's nephew for words, and the nephew saw the silver eyes of the white flower blossom and agreed with his mouth.
He Shaoji's nephew knew that Mingqiu could not do it, so he adopted the method of stealing beams and changing pillars. So he pretended to practice words, first practicing the word "mountain", and wrote one sheet after another. He Shaoji was very happy to see his nephew working so hard, so he personally wrote the word "mountain" for his nephew to copy. After the word "mountain" arrived, the nephew practiced the word "sea", and he wrote it over and over again, tearing up one sheet after another, making the paper and ink on the ground. When He Shaoji saw the situation, he thought that his nephew was annoyed and angry because he could not write the word "sea", so he wrote the word "sea" in his own handwriting for his nephew to copy and practice, and the nephew practiced the word "guan" again. At this time, He Shaoji was drinking with his friends, and his interest was strong, and when he saw the word "Guan" written by his nephew, he was very unhappy and scolded: "You stupid thing, you can't write a word well!" But he was afraid that his nephew would be discouraged, so he once again took up the pen and wrote the word "Guan" for his nephew to copy. He Shaoji had just finished writing the outer "door" of the word "close", and suddenly put aside his pen and stopped writing. Originally, he suddenly remembered that the people from the capital had begged him to write the three words "Shan Hai Guan", and I had already written the word "Shan Hai Guan" to my nephew. Is it the nephew and the person who asked for the word together?
He Shaoji calligraphy appreciation
After He Shaoji threw away his pen, his nephew wrote the word "Gate" in his own "door" and became a complete "Close" character. The people who came did not know the details, and happily brought back the three words "Shanhaiguan" and carved it on the top of the gate of Shanhaiguan.
Legend has it that the words written by He Shaoji can shine brightly, while the words written by his nephew are all dim and dull. Therefore, after the three words "Shanhaiguan" are engraved on the city gate, they are "Shanhaiguan" in the near distance, and they become "Shanhai Gate" in the distance. This is the origin of the legend of "looking at the 'Mountain and Sea Pass' and looking at the 'Mountain and Sea Gate' in the distance", which is famous throughout the country.
Who wrote the plaque of "the first pass in the world" has always been controversial with posterity on this question. Some people say that it is Yan Song, a corrupt official of the Ming Dynasty, some people say that it is Yu Yiyuan, Tan Congjian, and some people say that it is Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher of the Jin Dynasty... According to the local Linyu County Chronicle, the first plaque in the world was written by Xiao Xian, a Yi person, and the Yi people here refer to the local people of Shanhaiguan, which provides authenticity and reliability for Xiao Xian's writing of the plaque. It is said that when Xiao Xian wrote the plaque, when he first finished writing it, he found that there was one less point written under the next character, and only a T character was written, and at this time, the Chincha sent by the emperor had already crossed the Shihe, and everyone panicked at this time. Only to see Xiao Xian take a rag, full of ink and throw it at the plaque hard, the result? It became what the plaque we see now looks like.
Villain book, Xiao Xian wrote a plaque
The "Xiao Xian's theory" is mainly based on the "Linyu County Chronicle, Jianzhi Compilation, and Chengchi Volume" compiled by Qing Guangxu in the fourth year, which records that "the 'First Pass under heaven' is said to be ming Xiao You's book of affairs. Xiao Xian was a native of Shanhaiguan and a second-class soldier in the eighth year of Ming Chenghua. The basis for "passing on" is clearly unverified. Mr. Kang Qun, the elderly elder of Qinhuangdao City Wenshi Qi Su, wrote the article "Trivia on the Giant Plaque" in the third episode of the "Shanhaiguan Literature and History Materials", which quoted the scriptures and proposed the historical figure who was most likely to write the plaque - Yan Song. Three questions were raised about "Xiao Xian's theory": First, the early Chronicles were never recorded. Even several chronicles written in the Qing Dynasty and with detailed records of Xiao Xian's deeds and anecdotes do not mention this matter; second, the identity of "Xiao Xian's writing plaque" is difficult to say. At that time, with The status of Xiao Xian's position as a "servant", the qualifications for inscribing such a plaque were far apart; third, the time when "Xiao Xian wrote the plaque" did not match the time when the plaque really appeared. Around the eight years after the chenghua of the so-called "Xiao Xian's writing plaque" in the local history, the "ZhendongLou" of Shanhaiguan did not have a plaque of "the first pass in the world". Wang Xuenong, director of the Great Wall Museum at Shanhaiguan, according to the records of ancient Korean envoys provided by Korean scholars, consulted the time when the "First Pass under heaven" plaque was hung in the "ZhendongLou" of Shanhaiguan was about the fifteenth year of Ming Jiajing (1536).
The Ming Dynasty's traitorous minister Yan Song
In fact, Xiaobian is more inclined to "Yan Song said". Yan Song's inscription plaque has conditions in terms of time, identity, calligraphy level, etc. In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), Ling Zhou Jiachen of Linyu County also said in his "Re-repair of the Old Quota of the First Pass": "There is a 'first pass under the heavens' pen force Shen Xiong, which is commensurate with the situation and is said to be Yan Song's handwriting. In the fifteenth year of Ming Jiajing, Yan Song was a scholar of the Rebbe Shangshu and Hanlin Academy, aged 57. Yan Song became famous in the book world when he first entered the Hanlin Academy. In March of the eighteenth year of Koji (1505), the 26-year-old Yan Song entered the army with the second place in the second division. In the same year, he was selected as a Hanlin Yuan Shu Jishi with a poem "Guan Peony Medicine After the Rain". The Hanlin Academy of the Ming Dynasty was actually the think tank and secretariat of the imperial court. In the Hanlin Academy, Yan Song's jingyi articles were always listed as the first choice in the museum examination, and his poems and poems always came out on top in the banquet, and people appreciated his articles while appreciating his calligraphy skills. Since then, from the Hanlin Academy and other positions, from the Beijing Division to the localities, there are many people in the Shilin who are proud of their ink treasures.
Shanhaiguan City Tower
During the eight years (1508-1515) when Yan Song was in hiding in the mountains, he also studied many calligraphy stickers, and his calligraphy was even more refined, and some well-known painters in the world often invited him to create consecutive works, or invited his inscriptions to add color to the picture. Turning to Yan Song's posthumous work "The Collection of The Mountain Hall", it can be seen that many of Yan Song's poems were written because of this. Because Yan Song was reprimanded by the Qing monarch for being included in the biography of traitors, people's attitude towards Yan Song was considered to be related to the issue of honor and right. As officials and squires and common people at Shanhaiguan, no one was willing to publicize that the inscription on this plaque came from the hands of power traitors and "shamed" Xiongguan. For this reason, for more than 300 years, the plaque of "The First Pass in the World" of Shanhaiguan has been anonymized for a long time, and Fang Zhi does not contain it.