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Calcium is a very important nutrient in the human body, as far as the eye can see, the heart beating, muscle contraction, blood clotting, hormone secretion and thinking activities and other life activities are inseparable from its participation. More importantly, calcium is the main component of bones and teeth, and insufficient supply of calcium will directly affect bone formation, which in turn will endanger bone health.
Therefore, ensuring adequate daily calcium intake, whether from food sources or calcium supplements, is crucial for people of any age.
So, do you know the "recommended daily dietary calcium supply" developed by the Nutrition Society?
What are the indications for calcium supplementation, what are the food and drugs for calcium supplementation, and what are the adverse reactions of calcium supplementation?
Are there contraindications to calcium supplementation?
Let's take a look at these.
1. Recommended daily dietary calcium supply
For healthy people of all ages, the dietary calcium supply recommended by the Nutrition Society is as follows:
Daily dietary calcium supply:
1-3 years: 700 mg / day;
4-8 years: 1000 mg / day;
9-18 years: 1300 mg / day;
19-50 years: 1000 mg / day;
Males 51-70 years: 1000 mg / day
Women 51-70 years: 1200 mg / day;
Over 70 years: 1200 mg / day;
2. Indications for calcium supplementation
Clinicians need to supplement calcium by asking about the patient's diet and eating habits, as long as they determine that there is an insufficient dietary calcium intake.
Other indications for calcium supplementation include osteoporosis, osteomalacia, hypocalcemia, hypoparathyroidism, and hypocalcemia due to chronic kidney disease.
3. Calcium supplement foods and medications
In daily life, as long as a balanced diet can be achieved, adequate calcium intake can be achieved. Calcium-rich foods include dairy products such as milk, yogurt and cheese, vegetables such as broccoli and kale, and a variety of calcium-fortified foods.
The two most commonly used oral calcium supplements are calcium carbonate and calcium citrate. Among them, calcium carbonate is more commonly used and cheaper.
The full absorption of [cool] calcium carbonate depends on the acidic environment of the stomach, so it should be taken with food.
[Cool] Calcium citrate is significantly more bioavailable than calcium carbonate and does not need to be taken with food.
Other calcium supplements with less use are calcium phosphate, calcium lactate, and calcium gluconate.
Intravenous calcium preparations are only used to rapidly correct hypocalcemia to prevent seizures, hand and foot twitches, or arrhythmias, and are not used in other cases of inadequate calcium intake.
4. Adverse reactions of calcium supplementation
Excessive calcium intake can lead to the occurrence of adverse reactions.
With a daily intake of more than 2,000 mg of calcium, the risk of developing adverse reactions to calcium supplementation increases significantly. The most common adverse effects of calcium supplementation include gastrointestinal reactions such as constipation, indigestion, nausea, and vomiting. Another adverse effect is an increased risk of kidney stones.
5. Contraindications to calcium supplementation
There are no absolute contraindications to calcium supplementation, but for patients with renal impairment and a history of calcium-containing nephrolithiasis, calcium supplementation needs to be done with caution.
Studies have shown that taking too much calcium supplementation in patients with severe chronic kidney disease may increase the risk of vascular calcification and atherosclerosis.
In patients with a risk or history of calcium-containing kidney stones, excessive calcium supplementation can increase the risk of kidney stones or worsen the original kidney stones. Therefore, patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease should especially avoid excessive calcium intake and regularly monitor blood calcium levels.
In general, everyone needs to have an adequate calcium intake, a balanced diet is the most reliable, effective and safest way to achieve this goal, let's start with a balanced diet!