Before the emergence of literati words, as a new poetic style, words were widely circulated in the tang dynasty. These folk lyrics, either because of the pompous and obscene, or because of the vulgarity, or because of others, and then gradually declined, and even lost for nearly a thousand years. It was not until 1900, when archaeologists discovered the Dunhuang Grottoes, that the folk song lyrics reappeared in the sky, and later collected and sorted out by scholars, there was a "Dunhuang SongZi Collection".
What exactly does a folk song look like? Let's take a look at a poem called "Bodhisattva Man":
"Make a thousand wishes in front of the pillow, to rest and wait for the green mountains to rot." The scales on the water surface floated until the Yellow River completely dried up. The day is shining, and the Big Dipper is back to the south. Hugh is not able to take a break, and to wait for three more to see the sun. ”
"Bodhisattva Man" was introduced to China from the time of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, and it was still the most popular religious tune for five generations, and there were many people who filled in the lyrics for hundreds of years. It can be seen that the predestination of this word is originally conceived from the Han Le Fu 'Shang Evil's", and the metaphor is simple and straightforward, which is indeed the true color of the folk, and it is also gratifying.
If we compare it with the Tang Dynasty poet's "Bodhisattva Man", it is not difficult to find a huge difference in its beauty, such as Wen Tingjun's "Bodhisattva Man":
"The hills overlap the golden ming extinction, and the sideburns want to burn the snow." Lazy to draw eyebrows, make up and wash late. Look at the front and back mirrors of the flowers, and the flower surfaces are mirrored. New post embroidered grosgrain, double golden partridge. ”
Obviously, folk words such as Qiao Makeup Village Woman, literati words such as Lady Idle.
01
Reading poetry is a breathing exercise
Before we begin this issue, let's talk about reading poetry and breathing.
All life activities are inseparable from breathing. Today's science has confirmed that the Earth is a conscious being that breathes all the time. The fifth chapter of Lao Tzu says, "Between heaven and earth, what is the difference between heaven and earth?" Void and unyielding, moving and out. "Between heaven and earth, it is like a big bellows, in the void, qi is flowing, and life is endless. The "Zhuangzi Qiwu Theory" also says: "A large piece of breath, its name is the wind", the wind is the breath of the earth. The tide is the breath of the sea, and photosynthesis is the breath of the trees. Qigong, tai chi, yoga, running, many of our own mysteries are about the breath.
Music is breathing, poetry is breathing. The rhythm of the five-word poem, two three or two one two, two two one, such as "the mountain is blue and the flowers are burning", "the wind and snow night returns to the people", the rhythm of the seven words poem, the four three or two two three, such as "a lonely city wanling mountain", "the guest house green and willow color new", are the breathing inside the verse. The rhythm of poetry is the rhythm of consciousness and feeling. As a poetic body, words written for music are more closely related to breathing. The length of long and short sentences is the breathing rhythm of the music sentence, which is long or tight, and conveys the ups and downs of feelings.
Reading poetry and reading words is similar to listening to music, and what really touches us is not the meaning or thought, but the "qi" based on qi. He who does not hear with his ears hears with his heart, and he who hears with his heart hears with his breath, and he who hears with his breath and does not have anything to do. The best way to read poetry is to listen to it.
What is gas? Qi is energy. Reading poetry is a kind of energy connection and exchange, words and their way of expression, carrying the energy of all things and the poet's heart, the reader activates it with his own code, which can sense and even create new energy.
For me, this is the secret of reading poetry, mysterious and simple. All we have to do is close our minds, relax, and use our intuition and imagination to start a time-lapse journey of energy.
Ming Anon. "Hanshan Map"
02
Get rid of the fireworks of the world
/ / Bodhisattva Man (Tang) Li Bai The plain forest is full of desert smoke, and the cold mountain area is sad and blue. Twilight into the tall buildings, some people upstairs worried. The jade steps stand empty, and the birds return to the flying fast. Where is the homecoming? Long pavilions with short pavilions.
If you compile a selection of words in this article, the work of pressing the volume should push this "Bodhisattva Man". The reason why the first literati word "Huajian Collection" was not selected was that at the same time as the Ether Baisheng was different, the words selected between the flowers were all from five generations, so this word could not be included.
The author of this word is recognized as Li Bai, and whether it is or not has always been controversial. Ming Dynasty scholars such as Hu Yinglin believed that this was a work of the late Tang Dynasty, and the name of marriage was too white. The question is, if it is from the late Tang Dynasty, why should we pretend to be Li Bai who is far away? More credible evidence comes from a note by the Song monk Wen Ying: "I don't know who wrote this word in the Cangshui Yilou in Dingzhou, and I don't know who wrote it." Wei Daofu Tai saw it and loved it. Later, in Changsha, the ancient collection was collected in the neihan family of Zixuan (Zeng Bu), which was written by Li Bai. ”
I don't know who wrote it, I don't know who wrote it, and the origin of this song can be described as confusing. However, after copying it to Changsha, it was confirmed in the ancient collection that it was written by Li Bai. It is not too white to be able to do it. The Tang Dynasty made long and short sentences, which were indiscriminately coveted in the ancient Music House, and the Music House was too white to be good at it, and the filler words were naturally extraordinary. Although the word was created from the Six Dynasties, it was actually achieved in the "Bodhisattva Man" and "Remembering Qin'e", so the ancient discourse words all took Li Taibai as the originator.
Reading Taibai Lefu, without chanting, you can feel a comfortable and charming breath, without music but with musical effects and realms. For example, "Those who abandon me shall not stay on yesterday's day; those who disturb my heart will be troubled on this day." The long wind sends autumn geese, and you can build a tall building for this. "The jagged length of sentences and the staggered echoes of the promotion and expectation between sentences can arouse our instinctive musical feelings."
Another example is "Sauvignon Blanc": "Sauvignon Blanc, in Chang'an, the autumn cry of the golden well, the slight frost is miserable and cold." The lone lamp is not clear, the curtain looks at the moon sky and sighs, and the beauty is like a flower in the clouds. There is a long sky of green and dark on the top, a wave of green water below, a long way of heaven and a long way, and a long way to fly bitterly, and it is difficult to dream of passing the mountain. Sauvignon Blanc, heart-wrenching. "Even if you don't add punctuation, even if you add punctuation, when you read, driven by qi, you will know where to pause, and the short and long words and the high voice will naturally be presented by you."
Without the strength of the Holy Hand of Lefu, there would be no words too white. This word is so profound that it is like a defiant fairy, making "Bodhisattva Man" instantly get rid of the fireworks of the world. As for the words, whether it is a girlfriend or a bondage, we read and taste.
"Pinglin Desert Smoke Weaving", first follow the text, put yourself into the perspective of looking far. This sentence can be interpreted as "the plains are misty and the twilight is thick", but it is best not to explain, just read out a word, to recall or imagine such a twilight scene, in it, how do you feel at this time? Perhaps unspeakable, that feeling is poetry.
Looking at "Sadness in the Cold Mountains", when reading poetry, you must know that each word not only has its meaning, but also its temperature, shape, color, smell and expression, and these are the places that really arouse our feelings and create connections in the subconscious. What kind of mountain is Hanshan? Is it the same as Cold Mountain? I felt that the cold mountain was a little dry, and a little quiet. The "belt" visualizes it, and the cold mountain area is like a barrier, straddling the sky. Sad bi, "sad" was an everyday expression at that time, which was extremely expressive and is still used in the Sichuan dialect today. Sorrow can be said to be sad, beauty can also be said to be sad, such as Du Fu's "Qingjiang Jinshi Sad Li", Southern Tang Feng Yanwei's "Bo Shao Mei Rui Sad White". The cold mountain area is sad and blue, from a grammatical point of view, it is the true green of the twilight mountain, but the semantics are more than this, the green of the twilight mountain is really sad.
The above two sentences, the perspective comes from the person in the word, that is, the "someone" that appears below. "Twilight into the tall building, some people upstairs worried", who is this person? Not only is it on a tall building, and the next piece says "the jade steps stand in the air", it seems to be a woman who looks far away and carries people. It is also said that this poem is written on the cangshui station in Dingzhou, which should be a wanderer of a certain campaign, expressing the feelings of returning home. Here si woman said that the reason is that the high-rise jade steps are not owned by the postal pavilion, so it cannot be the instant inscription of the service and the return, and the ancient poems inscribed on the temple of the pavilion are not necessarily the works of the subject, but may also be inscribed by others.
"Twilight into the tall building", this sentence is very good, can perceive the standing for a long time, forget the time, twilight quietly seeped in. "Someone upstairs is sad", we just saw someone, and this person seems to have just returned to himself. "Someone" brings out the real narrative perspective, that is, the third-person perspective of the bystander, and what is seen and felt in the words comes from the people upstairs, and the lyricist speaks for them.
In the next film, "The jade steps stand in the air, and the birds return to flying", the twilight is shrouded, and the birds are calling home, do you feel the trembling in the hearts of the erectors? The twilight is vast, and the homeless people seem to have been abandoned by the gods.
The last two sentences push the field of vision farther away, and the long pavilion is even the short pavilion, not the view in sight, but the intention of the people upstairs. Where is the homecoming? The road is long, and the return date is hopeless.
Southern Song Dynasty Xiao Zhao (biography) "Spring River Flower Moon Night"
03
The ancients have ascended and stopped
"Remembering Qin'e" Qin E's dream broke Qin Louyue. Qin Louyue, every year willow color, Baling wound farewell. Leyouyuan on the Qing Autumn Festival, Xianyang Ancient Road sound dust. Sound and dust, the west wind is still shining, and the Han family is lingque.
Remembering Qin'e, also known as Qin Louyue and Biyun Shen, the name of the word plate is from Li Bai's word, because there is "Qin E's dream of breaking Qin Louyue", so it is named. Qin E'e canonized Liu Xiang's "Biography of the Immortals" of the Western Han Dynasty, Xiao Shishan blew the flute, and could make a phoenix, and Qin Mugong used his daughter to make a jade wife, to build a phoenix building, to teach the jade to blow the flute, and a few years later there was a phoenix to yi, and the two were immortals who took advantage of it. In the poems, Qin'e is often used to refer to the woman in love, and Qin Lou refers to the brothel or the residence of the woman who is admired.
"Whispering, Qin E's dream breaks Qin Louyue", the words begin from hearing, a low and sad whisper, whimpering and whimpering spread out. According to the word order, the sound of the flute came first, and Qin E's dream broke later. When I first woke up, I heard someone blowing a whistle, and the moonlight was bright, and the trance was like a dream. Another reading method believes that the first to write the flute sound, and then out of the flute blower, is Qin E's dream after blowing the flute under the moon. Both readings have their own meanings, and they can also be dreamed as metaphors. Qin E is still Qin E, Qin Lou is still Qin Lou, and it is not anymore, the immortals have gone without a trace, leaving the old people and the old building empty.
The repetition of "Qin Lou Yue, Every Year Willow Color, Baling Wound Farewell", and "Qin Lou Yue" is the format requirement of the tone, but it plays a more transitional role here. The bright moon looks like a memory, from the moonlight, but also added willow color, added injuries, how tragic and confused.
The next film is even more divine, "Leyouyuan Shangqing Autumn Festival, Xianyang Ancient Road sound dust", suddenly turning to a more vast time and space. Leyou was originally in the east of Chang'an City, the terrain is high and flat, you can overlook the whole city, every festive season, the capital city of scholars and women to visit here, is the most prosperous place of the year. The Xianyang Ancient Road was the main road from Chang'an to the northwest during the Han and Tang Dynasties, and the only way to join the army and do business, the word "ancient road", attracted many years of reverie. In the autumn festival, the sound and dust are absolute, the cold and lonely, the tragic and desolate.
Repeating the "sound dust", the deeper the sense of sadness. The last "Remnant of the West Wind, Han Family Tomb Que" was rated by Mr. Wang Guowei as "a few eight characters, so the mouth of the ancients". The ancients came to see the vastness of heaven and earth, and the rise and fall of every rise and fall. Taibai does not talk about it here, and the lyricism is also tempered to nearly zero, only these eight words, pure weather wins, infinite feelings are all in it.
"Remembering Qin'e" is wounded in the upper part, the next film is injured and died, and the two time and space are parallel. The perspective does not have to be limited to Qin E alone, in essence, Qin E is not a person, but all the people in the world who are parting and missing each other, and the wounds and deaths are not temporary, but all the events of the past and the present. The Qin and Han dynasties will perish, then the Tang Dynasty will also look to the present and the past.
The modern poet Bian Zhilin has a poem "Sound Dust", the last few lines of which are written like this:
If my seat is mounted on the top of Mount Tai, On moonlit nights, I want you to guess where you are Jun is a lonely train station. Yet I'm facing a history book. Looking west at the Xianyang Ancient Road in the sunset, I waited for the sound of a fast horse's hooves.
The title of the poem, "Sound Dust", and the sense of history in the poem, are obviously intertextual with Taibai's "Remembrance of Qin'e". Bringing new Chinese poems to the mature Bian Zhilin, with his profound philosophical consciousness, he often superimposes time and space in his poems, so that they reflect and blend with each other, such as this "Sound Dust", as well as "Broken Chapter", "The Organization of Distance", "Fish Fossils" and so on.
The letter sent by the green-clad postman made the poet think. He opened the map to find the direction indicated by his friend—a small black dot, and the compressed space had become a railway station in his imagination, and it had been deformed by time, because he was facing a history book, and the space immediately traveled to ancient times, looking west at the Xianyang Ancient Road in the sunset, and he waited for the hoof of a fast horse.
Author | Three books
Edit | Zhang Jin Li Yang
Proofreading | Zhang Yanjun