Some people say that the Chinese-style "Renaissance" is the dawn that appeared in the historical sky of the Song Dynasty, and the carrier for completing this historical mission is none other than the academy. Academies first appeared in the Tang Dynasty, and the formal education system was founded by Zhu Xi. During the period from the end of the Tang Dynasty to the Fifth Dynasty, there were frequent wars and the decline of official learning, and many readers avoided living in the mountains and forests, so they imitated the Buddhist Zen forest preaching system to establish academies, and eventually formed a unique form of educational organization in China's feudal society. To explore the cultural heritage of a place, the first thing we should look at is the academy that once existed in this place, Enyi, since the beginning of the Jin Yuan, there are four colleges with records.
1. Liutang College
Liu Tang is at the foot of Zhongnan Mountain, where the Jin man Yang Yi lived in seclusion. According to the Qing Kangxi Twenty-first Year "Records of YanXian County", it should be in the southwest of Chongyun Temple, between Taiping and Huayang Eryu. According to the late Ming dynasty version of the territory map of Yan County, the ruins of Liutang Academy are in Wudong Village, Pangguang Town, between Baoyuli and Chongyunli in the southeast of the county town. There is a pond in Wudong Village, which is said to be Liutang; there is a spring at the mouth of the nearby Pigeon Oriole, with a diameter of more than 2 meters, which gushes water all year round, which should be Ziyang Spring. In the south of Zhangjiabao, there used to be ponds, green bamboo verdant, willow trees, all year round, the local fathers and elders passed on the song: "Liutang Academy Qingfeng Pavilion, earth cattle lying in the rice nest, two bodhisattvas opposite haha laugh, a cypress two stones a laoye temple." Therefore, some people also think that Liutang should be here.
Yang Yi (杨奂字奂然), a native of Fengtian (present-day Qian County), Yuanqian Prefecture. He is very intelligent and is said to be able to sing verses casually at the age of three. At the age of five, he entered school to study, his mother supervised, preached history, and preached. Because of his good family education, he excelled in his studies since childhood, but his luck was not good, and he did not succeed in the promotion, so he made a thousand words, pointing out that Chen Shi was ill, and then returned to the hidden country and built a college to preach. Thousands of willow trees are planted in the courtyard, including Qingfeng Pavilion, "Reading Hall", "Ziyang Pavilion", etc., and there are more than 100 disciples. Because of the planting of thousands of willow plants, this place is called "Liutang"; because there is a spring next to it called Ziyang, it is called "Mr. Ziyang". Professors in the township, before and after four years, with the disciples to study ancient books, interpret the classics, poetry and lyrics, endowed with texts, long rhymes and short chapters, ancient tunes and modern songs, every work, spread throughout Chang'an; leisurely and elegant, quite prestigious. "Yuan Shi Yang Biography" Yun: "Yi Erudite strong memory, composition to chen yan, to imitate the ancients as a shame." All the elders of the imperial court have befriended him, and although Guanzhong is a number of many people, his name has not yet been out of the right. ”
At that time, Cui Hao sighed in front of the Yellow Crane Tower: The people of the past have taken the Yellow Crane to go, and the Yellow Crane Tower is empty here. It is because the Yellow Crane Tower is still in front of us, and now, we can only stand at the foot of zhongnan Mountain, facing the land of Enyi, and say softly: Ziyang is gone, and the white clouds are long in the air. The monument is not there, but the poems are eternal, and admire two poems by Yang Yan in Liutang:
Ziyang Pavilion Yuan Yang Wan
The sound of toothpicks scattered the wind, and people were in the only one.
The churches are really happy, and they are just resting with sighs.
Ziyang Pavilion Re Yong Yuan Yang Wan
Bivaju stirred purple smoke, and the breeze blew faintly.
In his dreams, he remembered three lifetimes and repented of the yellow dust for sixty years.
Attached to a poem by the Yuan poet Li Fen, Li Fen is not a person, he should be passing through here, he can write poems for Liutang, I am afraid it is the same life experience, the same disease pity, so I feel sorry for each other.
Liu Tang Yuan Li Fen
Chang'an looks west to Shaocheng Kuma, and Yangliu Pitang is self-planted.
Weishui waves shake the grass trees, and the final south mountain color enters the building.
A thousand volumes of life and career books, a cup of ukiyo-e famous wine.
I also went down to the hun mountains to find the best place to shave the berry moss.
2. Shupi Academy
"The surname of Yu Pizi is Wang, the name Jiusi, the character Jingfu, living above Yu Pi, calling himself a mountain man. Scholars call him Mr. Shupi. "Wang Jiusi (1468~1551) Ming Dynasty literary scholar, a native of Yanxian County, hongzhi ninth year (1496) jinshi. At that time, he gathered with Li Mengyang, He Jingming, Kang Hai and others to give lectures, advocating Wen Bi Qin Han and Shi Bi Sheng Tang, known in history as the "First Seven Sons".
The Ming Dynasty literary scholar Li Kaixian commented on Wang Jiusi in his "Sixty Sons of Poetry": "Compose modern liqu and be good at composing ancient Xiongwen. Zhen Mane Long Ming Ji, can empty ten thousand horses. He also said in his "Review Biography of the King of Yupi" that Wang Jiusi said: "The poetry is ancient, and the lyrics are novel, not only keeping the law of the Yuanren's house, but also obtaining the Yuanren's heart law." Popular and full of human ears. This should be a comprehensive and extremely high evaluation of Wang Jiusi's poetry, miscellaneous dramas, and scattered songs.
The story of Mr. Jiusi was told earlier in "Nine Thoughts, the King of the Stories of Eun Yi", and I will not repeat them here.
The Academy is located in the west of the county, and is the villa of Mr. Yupi. "If you retire and wait for the officials, you will be quiet when you are old and bitter." At that time, Mr. Du Fu wrote this sentence in "Southwest Terrace of Yupi", I don't know if Mr. Jiusi was influenced by him, returned to Xi, and accompanied by Him, so he was on top of his villa, rebuilt the academy, wisdom of future generations, and benefited the township. The Xiangpi Academy, also known as the Ten Acres Garden, is near the Empty Cui Hall (built by later generations in honor of Du Fu). Qing Yongzheng's 10th year "Chronicle of the Renewal of Yanxian County" states: "The Empty Cui Hall, built from the Song Dynasty Zhang Gongling, is connected to the east and west of the Xiangpi Academy. The "Integration of Ancient and Modern Books" says: "Ten acres of garden, that is, the Yupi Academy, has a spring rain pavilion inside, and Kang wrote a record of the mountain." There are also sitting pavilions and purple pavilion peaks, and there are portraits of Mr. In the pavilion. Mr. Kang remembers his grandeur in the mountains. In the twenty-second year of the Republic of China, the "Chronicle of rebuilding The County of Yanxian" said: "There are also sitting pavilions and Purple Pavilion Peaks, and now they are dead." ”
In the past, there were no people, and the water flowed freely. Fresh clothes and angry horses, invincible to the vicissitudes of time.
Attached a poem in memory of Mr. Peter:
Yong Yong Pi Republic of China Zhang Jiamou
Daming is a multi-talented man, too historical to be ashamed.
Meritorious deeds have been accomplished, and officials have been abandoned and returned to their hometowns.
The weaving does not go to the hand, and the day is free to flatten the boat.
The former site of Yupi is here, and the water flows around the sky.
Because of Mr. Ming, the legacy is hanging in the wind.
3. Erqu Academy
Erqu Academy is located in Sun Jia Qiao in the southwest of the prefecture and is the villa of Mr. Toyokawa.
The "New Chronicle of Huxian" in the forty-second year of the Qianlong Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty said: "The first king Zhengshi was honored as a villa here. He is expected to invite his teacher Li Zhengjun to give a lecture on the second day. Wei Shi XueXian Bi Ling (present-day Changzhou) Song Lu Gao heard about it, built a workshop for it, the big book 'Erqu Academy', and the plaque of its hall said 'Sven did not fall'. "Conscripts" refers to hermits who do not accept recruitment from the imperial court.
Wang Xinjing (1656-1738) was a scavenger, known as Mr. Toyokawa, a native of Wenyili, Huxian County, who later lived in the north street of the county. When Xin Jing was 25 years old, he worshiped Zhou Zhi Li (号二曲) as a teacher and taught the study of "righteousness and sincerity". After ten years of study, hard work, after the age of 40, he became a well-known confucian of science. When chancellor Zhu Shi was studying in Shaanxi, he went to YanXian County many times to consult him; the Prince of Zhou went to Shaanxi and was a diligent adviser; the governors Erlunte and Nian Qianyao successively recommended him, but they all resigned. Legend has it that when a certain jinshi hall in Pucheng was tested, the university scholar Ertai asked, "Is Toyokawa Ann?" Dazed and confused, E smiled and said, "Don't you know Toyokawa in the world, the son is his fellow countryman, Gu doesn't know ya?" Whenever the first and second officers came to Shaanxi, Ortai urged them to ask Toyokawa An on his behalf, and for a time, the inspectors of Qian, Guangdong, Wu, Chu, and other places all hired him as the chief lecturer of the provincial academy with generous treatment.
Mr. Toyokawa is a benevolent and tolerant man who is indifferent to fame and fortune. In the fifty-third year of the Kangxi Dynasty and the first year of the Yongzheng Dynasty, the two "characteristics of the will" were resigned by the sick. He devoted his life to writing, taking the Confucian doctrine as the purpose, opposing the theory of emptiness and hypocrisy, and was able to pay attention to the study of agriculture and apply it to the world. He admired The "District Field Method" of Yu Shengzhi, and through the practice of the surrounding farmers, each mu of millet could have a harvest of one stone and eight buckets of millet (about thirty-three catties per bucket). His "Nursery Method" talks about vegetable cultivation techniques and advocates comprehensive land utilization. For example, planting mulberries around the field, planting vegetables, ramie, grains, etc. in the field, the income of one mu can be several times that of usual. Under his influence, his son also wrote the book "Silkworm Mulberry Into law", teaching the people to plant mulberry and raise silkworms.
P.S. Beginning and End of Shu Er Qu Academy
Erqu Academy, in the western suburbs of SunJiaqiao Village in southwest Yi, was created fifty years ago by himself, and asked my teacher Li Erqu to give a lecture to the old man, and the name of The Duke of Changzhou Gaoxue Xian gong was also inscribed for the construction of the workshop. Its foundation is five meters wide at the back and three meters wide in the front, and a total of 13 large and small houses have been built successively. The people who were alone outside the village and did not set up a guard only entrusted people to take care of them, so they ordered the beggars and other people to come and go, and often stayed in them. In the cold of the winter month, seven houses in front and behind were demolished, and the trees were empty. The attempt to hurt Benshi also. It was the Congregation that built the fort in the east of the courtyard and plotted to move FuRen to the fort, using the original intention. Work is scheduled to begin next spring. In short, this matter began with Toyokawa's original creation, and its courtyard foundation was chosen in the middle of its own land, and it was not limited to acres at the beginning. And before, he was entrusted with care, but most of the houses were lost, the trees of all sizes were exhausted, and the grain of the land was lost for fifty years. Now he wanted to learn from the previous shortcomings, but moved Fu Ren Tang to the castle to fight his own village. He also wanted to rebuild a workshop and hang the original plaque of xuexian to save his face. Slightly add three or two huts, for the scholars to start the night stay. For example, the foundation of the old Furen Hall outside the fort is condescending, and there is a victory of water springs, and three small pavilions have been set up for the aspirants to speak and recite, for their spring breeze bathing and swimming. In short, this hospital has been here until now, but it intends to be managed by itself, and it does not rely on outsiders to cause decadence. When there are aspirants, they listen to their grain to learn and take care of them a little, but if they are not really aspiring to learn, they will not be general, and it is useless to install a vain name and useless facts. This is true of Gai toyokawa's Motoshi.
4. Mingdao College
The story of "Cheng Men Lixue" should be well-known, it comes from the famous Theorist Yang Shi of the Song Dynasty. Yang Shi's teacher, who was a terrible brother at that time, these two brothers were the founders of Song Dynasty's theoretical thought, and the students of the literary scholar and philosopher Zhou Dunyi. Don't sell Guanzi, these two people are Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, the founders of the Northern Song Dynasty "Luo Xue". Brother Cheng Hao, known as Mr. Ming Dao.
What is their connection to the Ming Dao Academy in Enyi?
Mingdao Academy is located in the county town west street, which is now the West Street Elementary School. Inside the main gate of the College, there are two doors. Inside the gate, there are two trees in the east and west huts, which are the waiting places for the hospital service. The east and west wing rooms in the second gate are each six trees, the court is four trees, and the lecture hall is six trees, and the inscription is "qualitative". Four houses in each room, east and west. There are four east and west compartments behind the lecture hall. The lecture hall is the main lecture office of the mountain chief, and the rest of the life and death are also the office. Lou Siyao, named "Yinfeng Lane Moon", initially set up a niche to worship Mr. Ming Dao. The lower part of the mountain is long lived, and there are two rooms on each side. To the south, there are four jacarandas, and four jacarandas in the east and west. This academy was built by Shu Qishen of Zhixian County in the thirty-fourth year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1769) to commemorate the purchase of houses by Mr. Cheng Hao and local gentry, and to record it. Cheng Hao (程颢), also spelled Bochun, was a Song Dynasty scholar of Confucianism. In the sixth year of Jiayou (1061), he was transferred to the chief book of Hu County. As it turned out, Mr. MingDao had been a leader in Yanxian County! The ZhiXian of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty commemorated the ancestors, and it should be to express their own ambitions and take it as a confidant.
Historically, Cheng Hao was not only a theoretician, but also a magistrate who was proficient in governing the Tao; not only a thinker, but also a doer. No matter where he goes to become an official, he will take "treating the people as wounded" as his motto as an official, always reminding himself to be frank as a stone, being diligent for the people, and doing his best to do more good deeds that benefit the country and the people. Cheng Hao's ancient book Ercheng Zhiyan (records the collection of remarks of Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao): "The Ming Dao was in Yiyi, and the political voices were heard as the way, and they wanted to recommend the dynasty, but asked what they wanted." Right: The husband recommends the talent of the man, and does not ask what the will wants. His brother Cheng Yi commented on him in the Tomb Table of Mr. Ming Dao: "The way of the saints was restored to the world, and after Mencius, there was only one person." ”
The academy, a bright flower in the vicissitudes of history and rolling red dust, sprouted in the Tang, complete in the Song, abolished in the Qing, although it gradually faded out of the historical itinerary, but the enlightenment wisdom it carries, the beauty of educating the villagers, still beat in our minds. Today, allow us to gently put the stories of The Yiyi Academy into the muscles of the years, and they will surely make us look back and be moved.