Page 1 About the Author
Thomas Hardy, author of The Nameless Jude, was born on 2 June 1840 in Upper Burkehampton, just outside Dorchester, Dorset. Hardy's father, who had the same name, was an independent bricklayer who loved music; his mother, Gemma, valued knowledge and education and was good at telling folk tales. Hardy was their eldest son.
In 1848, Hardy began studying at the State School established by Julia Martin at Lower Burkehampton. He visited his aunt Martha Sharp with his mother, Gemama, and made his first stop in London. In 1856, Hardy ended his studies as an apprentice to John Hicks, a local architect in Dorchester. He met Horace Mohr and became a close friend ever since.
In 1867, Hardy left London and returned to Dorset, where he worked for Hicks again and began to consider writing as a profession. He published nearly 20 novels during his lifetime, including "Tess of the D'Urbervilles", "The Nameless Jude", "Homecoming" and "The Mayor of Custer Bridge". In 1896, he published the novel "Nameless Jude", "Nameless Jude" because of the marriage of the male and female protagonists as cousins, resulting in Hardy suffered some blows, and Hardy has stopped writing novels since then. In his later years, his major works were the three-volume poetry drama "Kings".
In 1910, Hardy received the English Literary Achievement Award. Hardy was a writer spanning two centuries, with his early and mid-century writings dominated by novels, inheriting and carrying forward the Victorian literary tradition; in his later years he pioneered British 20th-century literature with his poetry. Hardy wrote 8 episodes of 918 poems, in addition to many short and medium stories with the general title of "The Story of Wessex", as well as the long epic drama "Kings".
On January 11, 1928, Hardy died at "Hongmen". On January 16, Hardy's ashes were buried in Poet's Corner at Westminster Abbey, while his heart was placed in his hometown of Stensford Cemetery.
Page 2 Summary of contents
The Nameless Jude is the last novel by British writer Thomas Hardy, published in 1895. The novel narrates the tragedy of the life of the rural young Jude in a sad tone. Jude is studious and self-conscious, but he is always turned away from college. The heroine is intelligent and beautiful, and more importantly, has an independent personality and thoughts, and despises the secular and rigid religion, but her love with Jude is not tolerated by the church and despised by the world. Jude was ambitious, had no way out of his job, had no way out of a loan, and in despair, his eldest son was hanged with his weak sister and younger brother. Shu suffered this tragic change, finally succumbed to fate and the church, left the beloved Jude, and the free mind and independent personality were destroyed. Jude drank all day long, became depressed, and died of hatred when he was not yet thirty years old.
Jude Foley was a tireless young man who eagerly studied to improve himself and learned classical works and theology from his teacher, Richard Philoson. The teacher is going to study in christ's cathedral, a university town. In order to make a living, he became a stonemason and left Wessex for Christ Church, where he hoped to continue his studies while working. His relationships with two very different women hindered his development.
Before arriving at Christ Church, Jude met Arabina Don, the daughter of a pig farmer. She was washing the organs of the pigs she had killed with other young women. She threw a boar genitalia on Jude's head to get his attention. Attracted by her appearance, Jude returned the skewer of meat to her, and the two began a romantic flirtation, and the skewer of meat was hung casually on the nearby bridge railing. Shortly thereafter, seduced by Arabena, they married. After the initial passion, the two did not have a common language, and the two eventually broke up. Even though they already have children.
Jude regains her freedom to pursue her studies. Came to Christ Church and met his cousin, Shuhy Brighthead, a woman with a feminine and masculine personality. Her talent and her efforts for women's rights and gender equality have made her a "new woman.". Despite being in love, Shu chooses to marry Jude's teacher, Philoson. Their marriage was not happy. After Shu leaves Phyloson, she lives with Jude. They had two children, but both were killed by Fasser Tim, the child of Jude and Arabina. Fasser Tim also committed suicide.
After Shu left Jude, Jude returned to Arabina, but was shortly dead. Jude dies as he looks at the university he desperately wants to enter but refuses him to enter. He was under the age of thirty at the time of his death. After discovering his body, Arabina decided to wait until the next day to tell everyone so she could share the holiday night with Jude's friends.
Page 3 Background of writing
The characters in the book "Nameless Jude" all bear the shadow of the author's own experience. As with other "Wessex" novels, the main life scenes in it have their own one-to-one corresponding real-world environments. Mary Green is based on The Great Forry in Berkshire, where Hardy's grandparents lived; the Christian Temple is a portrait of Oxford; Melchester is Salisbury in Wiltshire; and Shaston is Saffordsbury in Dorset.
Hardy went to Big Fordy in October 1892 and Oxford in June 1893, respectively, while Salisbury and Sufersbury were familiar places, so the depictions of these places were not only similar, but also showed their own characteristics in the description of the local landscape. In terms of storyline, Hardy also drew some material from his own personal life. The young Hardy is similar to Jude, both craftsmen but love to learn.
Hardy visits his friend Mor in Cambridge, just as Jude in the book visits Philotsan. Many of Jude's ideas and opinions are in line with the young Hardy. Jude's bitter love affair with Shu may have come from Hardy's own love for his cousin Trifina when he was young. There are also many specific details in the book that are derived from Hardy's personal life, such as Hardy's sister who studied at a normal school, and he saw the school's rules and precepts when he visited, which provided the material for Hardy's creation of "The Nameless Jude".
Hardy wrote "Nameless Jude" for eight years, and began to conceive and prepare after writing "The Forester" in 1887, and completed "Tess of the D'Urbervilles" in the middle. In 1890 Hardy basically completed the plot construction he envisioned, and in the following years, he traveled through the countryside and cities involved in the book, completing the outline in 1893, completing the manuscript in 1894, and revising it in 1895.
Biography
Jude: The protagonist Jude grew up, diligent and studious, with ideals and ambitions, and he was bent on going to college so that he could be awarded the priesthood as a priest in the future. But he came from a poor family, had no money and no status, and despite his hard work and efforts. But the door of the university was never opened for him, and the high walls of the road always blocked him out. In his day, the doors of universities were opened for the rich and powerful, though they were not necessarily cherished; it was difficult for ordinary people to enter, no matter how diligent you were. With no way to study and the lack of the necessary university signboards, Jude's ideals were difficult to realize, and his spirit was greatly damaged. Jude not only failed in his career, but also in his marriage, so he suffered a double whammy.
Arabina: A very vulgar, practical, scheming woman, and with Jude's personality, he should not marry her. But in his youth, he lacked self-control and stole the forbidden fruit on impulse; the cunning Arabena deceived him, and under the influence of social ideas, the honest Jude had to bear the consequences of his actions, so a loveless marriage tragedy was born.
Alabina doesn't care what kind of love is not love, she pays attention to reality, once the other party will not bring benefits to herself, she can always give up. So she later went abroad to marry another man. In the end, in order to satisfy the world's ideas, she played tricks to take advantage of Jude's drunkenness to try to remarry him, but to her surprise, Jude's health later deteriorated, and she felt that he had picked up a bargain - found a cheap nurse - so she ignored the critically ill Jude, went out to find fun on her own, and had an ambiguous relationship with the jianghu doctor Verbet.
Shu: When Shu first appeared in front of the reader, she was a warm, sincere, optimistic, open-minded woman who had a courageous rebellious spirit against old traditional customs. Despite the school's objections, she boldly interacts with Jude and becomes a different kind of woman. But like Jude, she could not fight against the powerful social forces, and she was spurned everywhere, locked up in school, and finally escaped. But she still can't live happily with Jude, but she marries Philotsan, a much older than her, who she doesn't like, and jude's elementary school teacher. At this time, Shu has completely become another person, very stuck to traditional and conservative things, and her previous enthusiasm, optimism, and openness have disappeared. So Shu, like Jude, is a victim of the old traditional customs.
Philotsan: Philotsan, Jude's elementary school teacher, also had an unfortunate fate. In his early years, he was equally ambitious in his ideals and ambitions, hoping to make a difference in church or literature. But years later Jude found that he was still teaching in elementary school as he had in the past, and that the noble pursuits of the past were gone. He even spent his time studying monuments. He married Shu and then divorced, which seriously affected his social status and working conditions, because at that time, the local divorce was considered to be a big rebellion. Later, Shu left Jude, and he was forced to remarry Shu under the pressure of society, and as a result, he was respected by the people, and all conditions began to improve. Jude is younger than him, and Jude's tragedy is actually in the footsteps of his teacher--under the shackles and suppression of such social and environmental conditions, it is conceivable that there are many unfortunate people, and people like Jude and them are just some typical representatives.
Page 4 Reader Comments
1. "The Nameless Jude" is the author's attack on bourgeois morality, law and customs, which has shifted from the countryside to the city, from the bottom of society to the top of society. In the author's writing, the Christian Temple alludes to the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom, the symbol of the center of British civilization. Jude's failure to succeed in such an environment and his fall again shows that the capitalist superstructure has harmed an ordinary person. This ordinary man is the typical representative of the British people. Of course, the main line of the novel is love. As soon as Jude entered the world, he made a big mistake because of love; And when he finds true love, he is not tolerated by social reality, not allowed by custom, and can only be martyred by chronic suicide.
2) This is a brutal realist novel. There is no status background, although full of ideals, jude who wants to struggle through himself, hits a wall again and again, and his cousin and cousin are not tolerated by the world, losing their house, job, and finally almost no rent. Although the free love they sought seems to take for granted today. Famous books should not read the synopsis of the story beforehand, at least should not understand the whole content, the greatness of the famous book is not the storyline, he brings you to a situation, a mentality, a society, you walk into the world in the book, with their life experience and experience.
Page 5 Quotes
1) What looks flawless and idealistic at night becomes more or less flawed reality during the day.
(2) People continue to marry because they cannot resist the forces of nature, although many are very, very aware that they may exchange a lifetime of distress for a moment's pleasure.
3) Swearing to love only one person forever is as sinful as swearing to always believe in only one kind of creed, and at the same time it is like swearing to always eat only one food and drink only one drink!
4. "May that day become darkness, may God not look for it from above, may the light not shine on it." May that night be taken away by darkness, and may the days of the middle of the year be rejoiced in it."
5, when people are small, they only feel that they are at a certain point in the circle of life, and once they grow up, they will feel that they are in the position of the center of the circle of life.
6, a man, every aspect of his life is blameless, but for a woman to fight for the wind and jealousy, often become treacherous.
(To be continued)
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