On the east side of the Huai'an Provincial Office, a key cultural relics protection unit in the country, there was once a well-known family, the Nguyen clan of Shanyang. In the Qing Dynasty, the Nguyen family produced four jinshi and three lifters, which is an enviable miracle in the whole country. They were able to write poetry and write well, and with their outstanding talents, they entered the military aircraft department, the household department, the official department, the punishment department, the Hanlin Academy, and the local governments at all levels, the core organs of state power. They wrote books and said that some people became the emperor's appreciated courtiers, some became the emperor's close poet friends, and some people worked hard for the educational cause in their hometown. They won honors for Huai'an, added luster, and made indelible contributions.
One door and three masters, the reputation is gradually rising
Originally from Qingjiang County, Jiangxi Province, the Ruan clan participated in the peasant revolt at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, and in the early Ming Dynasty, he was stationed with his army at Dahewei in Huai'an Province, and then moved to Shanyang County (present-day Chuzhou District). During the Ming Jiajing period, ruan shi produced a celebrity, named Ruan Jialin, who served as the first in the yiyang zhi county and the post of inspector of the imperial history with the first place in the deputy list of the examination, and was honest and honest, spotless, and was known as "the first clean official in the world". After his death, his spiritual seat entered the ancestral hall of the villagers and accepted the public sacrifice. This was a matter for Guangzong Rongzu in feudal society.
At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Ruan Jialin's grandson Ruan Jin was a prisoner and authored the "Self-Yinting Poetry Draft", which was an important member of the "Wangshe Society" of the literati group in the early Qing Dynasty, and created many poems with local customs. Together with the famous scholar Yan Ruoxuan, he was recommended to take the examination of the Erudite Hongci Department, but did not pass; later, he learned of the county post and did not go to the post. By this time, the Nguyen clan had owned a large area of land and accumulated rich family property, laying a material foundation for the prosperity of its descendants.
Ruan Jin's son Nguyen Ying Shao (1676-1723) was a prisoner and authored the "Nguyen Pen Training", which was loved by the townspeople. After his death, he was recommended by the local celebrities gongtong, and with the approval of the imperial court, he entered the xiangxian ancestral hall and accepted the public sacrifice. The "Recommendation Letter" signed by the Ministry of Ceremonies included gentlemen of Shanyang County, Huai'an Province, Zhou Longguan and Wu Tai of the Hanlin Academy, Ren Chongyan, the prefect of Yanping Prefecture, Mao Shaofang of Zhizhou, Dongping Prefecture, as well as 6 people, Gongsheng and Xiucai—among them, the well-known ones were Zhou Zhencai, Qiu Jin, Wang Jiaben, and Bian Weiqi (that is, the famous painter Bian Shoumin). The Book of Recommendation says that Nguyen Ying Shao:
The character is square and is valued by The Emperor. Although the clan township party is humble and backward, it will push and sincerely reconcile with each other, hand over with courtesy, and be faithful with filial piety and persuasion according to the situation. More than 20 years after his death, everyone still remembers it.
The specific reasons are also listed below: "Confucianism is a virtuous person, filial piety and raising two relatives; there are seven brothers who are loyal to the same qi, and there is no distinction between them; they are sincere before they are dedicated"; "Attacking Confucianism, practicing the fundamentals, working at an early age, and never having a habit of being superficial"; "Although poor and helping people urgently, they do not hesitate to solve difficulties" and so on. After receiving the submission, The Inspector of Jiangsu, Chen Dashou, immediately went to the imperial court, and the imperial court quickly issued an approval:
Ruan Yingshao, the late inmate of Shanyang County, was allowed to enter the shrine according to the clarification of the investigation and verification, and issued a list of facts. On the day of the order, the Ministry of Etiquette should write a letter to caress, as usual. Qianlong eleven years of December 15 inscription, seventeen days of the will to follow the ceremony, qin this.
At this point, the Nguyen clan has two people named in the ancestral hall, and its influence in the local area can be seen here.
Ruan Jin's nephew Nguyen Ying Gong (1659-1718) was a county itch student, compiling dozens of medical books, on a par with Yuan Pu and Yuan Ti, proficient in medical practice, superb medical skills, and excellent reputation in the local area. Another nephew, Nguyen Ying Shang, entered the household department in 1703 and successively served as the chief of the household department and Lang Zhong. He was a man of integrity and a vendetta, and on the first day of work, when he saw the messenger wearing a luxurious fur suit, he immediately reprimanded him severely, drank the order to take off and beat him, and shook his head up and down. When he was handling government affairs, he asked the messenger to wait by his side with Wen Mu and not to interject, so as to prevent the slippery officials from misleading their superiors and peddling their adultery in the name of briefing the situation. In less than a month, the up and down was solemn, and the atmosphere changed greatly. Later, when he was transferred to the ministry of officials, he witnessed all kinds of corrupt power and money transactions, and he could not sleep at night, and he struggled to write a book, and wrote the famous "Neglect on the Evils of Quan Cao" (in Xu Ke's "Qing Barnyard Banknotes", volume IV), which was written to the Kangxi Emperor. After reading it, the Kangxi Emperor attached great importance to it and approved it to the Metropolitan Inspection Yuan for handling. After the investigation, the Metropolitan Inspection Bureau believed that what he said was true, so the Kangxi Emperor was furious and severely punished a number of corrupt officials, and Nguyen Ying Shang's reputation was shocked for a while. The Kangxi Emperor inspected the officials and asked Ruan Yingshang to report the situation, and Ruan Yingshang was calm, reasonable, and well-founded, and the Kangxi Emperor nodded while listening, leaving an excellent impression. Later, every time the Kangxi Emperor went to the official's office, as soon as he entered the door, he asked "Ruan Yingshang is not there", and he had planned to reuse him, but unfortunately, he died of illness soon after.
Huainan Er ruan, the sound of the opposition
Ruan Yingshao gave birth to two sons, the eldest Ruan Xuehao was a 29-year-old zhongjinshi, the second ruan xuejun was 28 zhongjinshi, and the two brothers entered the Hanlin Academy as a writer and cultivated officials, and together compiled historical documents such as "Emperor Sejong's Zhu Approval Imperial Will", "Emperor Sejong's Records", "Emperor Qing Wenying", "Great Qing Huidian", and the school magazine "Records of the Four Dynasties". The main work of the officials of the Hanlin Academy is to compile documents, and they often serve as the chief examiners of the township examinations and the examinations, as well as local academics, and may step into the center of power. Only a small number of people who have been assessed as excellent and sponsored by the minister of the DPRK and the Central Committee can enter the Hanlin Academy, and after entering, they must study for three years, and those who have obtained excellent grades are eligible to stay and serve as editors, and the rest are again eliminated and diverted to the prefectural and county offices. Therefore, being able to enter the Hanlin Academy to cultivate history for the country and choose for the country is the ideal that countless readers in the world dream of. Ruan Xuehao almost lost the opportunity because there was no one to sponsor him, and when he was evaluated, he was designated as the fourth place by the Yongzheng Emperor, and he was named Hanlin, which was particularly honorable. The Nguyen brothers' joint appointment at the Han Lam Academy became a well-publicized story among the Shi Lin. Later, Ruan Xuehao served as the chief examiner of the township examination in Shanxi, Shaanxi and other provinces, and the examiner of the examination; Ruan Xuejun served as the chief examiner of the Guizhou township examination, holding the heavy power of selecting and promoting people and entering the army, and became the object of everyone's attention, and the "Huainan Er ruan" ya number gradually spread among the government and the public.
In the spring of 1742, Ruan Xuehao was appointed as the governor of Hunan Province. Before leaving, the Qianlong Emperor warned him to "Duan Shi Xi, Du Qiaotuo, and Ba Zhencai" (Ruan Kuisheng's "Commentary on the Emperor of the Xiankao Slow Hall"), and he also knew the methods and techniques for controlling his subordinates; his mother, who was over eighty years old, also earnestly advised him: "Ru has not taken off his green shirt for a long time, and he should know the suffering of Han Shi Shan Han" (ibid.). After arriving in Xiangxiang, he worked diligently, acted impartially, eliminated all backdoors, and strictly prohibited money learning transactions. After each exam, he organized his staff to carefully evaluate the points, requiring each exam paper to be reviewed three times, even the worst articles should be carefully read, so that the students were convinced and everyone had gains. He worked in the Xuezheng Yamen, there was no gatekeeper, the small doors of the gates were all opened, and all the errand boys, government, and county students could report directly to him. The academic regime is very powerful, and many people bribe him, not only did not get benefits, but they planted their heads. A rich man in Changsha saw that a frontal attack could not be done, and adopted a roundabout strategy, ordering the butler to carry a heavy amount of money thousands of miles to the Ruan Gate in Shanyang County to take the lady route. After a long journey, the housekeeper finally came to the door of the Nguyen clan one evening, and the janitor immediately reported to his wife, Chen Shi, who asked about the situation, severely reprimanded, ordered his family to bring sticks, shouted "catch the thief", and beat the gambler with his head. When Ruan Xuehao heard the news, he felt very relieved and strengthened his determination to refuse bribes and fight corruption. At that time, the imperial court allowed the provincial scholars to compile and print selected texts to be sold to the students for certain benefits, and his subordinates advised Ruan Xuehao to do the same, but Ruan Xuehao refused, and also donated funds to compile books and gave them to the students for free, which won the support of the students. He loved the students and strictly forbade the officials of the prefecture and county to beat them. Yuanling Zhixian whipped the students, was reprimanded by him, and was remembered once. In the past three years, he has traveled all over the two sides of the Yuanxiang Strait, traveled all over the Miaoling Cottage, built a college, repaired a palace, donated books, and paid tribute to the cold, and the reputation of honesty and honesty in learning and government spread throughout the land of Sanxiang and won wide praise.
At the end of his three-year term of study and administration, the examination was excellent, and the Qianlong Emperor intended to let him go to Yunnan to do another term of study and administration, and he resigned and returned to his hometown on the grounds of his mother and elderly. After returning to his hometown, Jiangsu Inspector Fuzhuang Yougong came to visit and asked him to serve as the main lecturer of Huaiyin Academy, and the only condition he put forward was that he did not want any remuneration, and the neighbors were all touched by it. A senior official of the Hanlin Academy, who has served as an examiner for the academy examination, the township examination, and the examination for many times, and a scholar who is well-known throughout the country, does not put up any shelves, takes off his imperial clothes, puts on his green clothes and shoes, and teaches the township students free of charge. Seeing that the county school building was badly damaged, he took the lead in donating funds to build it, and took the quilt to the construction site and lived on the construction site to supervise the construction. Afterwards, Yang Xifu, the governor of Caoyun, personally wrote an article and commemorated the incident. He initiated the establishment of the non-governmental student assistance organization "Sprinkling Sweeping Association", requiring members to donate one money every day, and the proceeds were mainly used to fund students with excellent character and learning to study. He also built a grass hall in Spoon Lake to give more students the opportunity to study and study. In the nine years before his return to his hometown and in the eight years after his death, the record of the Shanyang County Jinshi Examination was zero, and in the more than ten years after his return to his hometown and his death, Shanyang County passed a total of 12 Jinshi examinations, without a single bald head, in addition to dozens of lifters and hundreds of xiucai.
During the Qianlong Emperor's second southern tour (1757), Ruan Xuehao and Ruan Xuejun greeted him at the Red Flower Port in Huai'an and presented a book of poems, which was praised by the Qianlong Emperor and rewarded with a large satin horse. The Qianlong Emperor's third southern tour (in 1762) passed through Huai'an, took the initiative to invite Ruan Xuehao, and asked many things kindly, praising his righteous deeds of The Villagers, and gave a big satin horse as a sign of comfort. In addition to the works compiled in the Hanlin Academy, he also has works such as "Huai'an Fu Zhi", "Yu Xuan Ting Manuscript", "Zhi Si Tang Guan Ge Collection", "Complete Poetry Collection", "Slow Tang Bei Collection" and other works.
After his death, the townspeople and their relatives and friends established the "Taishi Ancestral Hall" to commemorate his merits. There are a total of 28 houses in the "Taishi Ancestral Hall", including the ancestral hall, study, living room, residence, kitchen and bamboo forest, back garden, covering a total area of eight acres. The main gate of the ancestral hall and the couplet of the second door are:
Learn to explore the second unitary and Zehui three Xiang.
Qing officials first, Han Yuan into a pair.
In addition, in the Spoon Lake Caotang where he taught before his death, the disciples set up a shrine to commemorate him. Directly above the gate of the Spoon Lake Caotang is inscribed the words "Ancestral Hall of the Elders of Pei Yuan", and on both sides of the gate is an inscription written by Sun Zhong:
The new standard HuanDensi Hall is also recited in the Spring and Autumn Period
The old traces are oblivious to the people of its land and the light of the lake when the spoon water ripples first
There is a spiritual seat in the ancestral hall, which reads " Emperor Qing granted fengzheng dafu a routine granted guanglu doctor Hanlin yuan review of the right waiting lang jia second-level slow hall Ruan Gong of the punishment department". Above the spiritual seat hangs a wooden plaque of "Scribe's Table" (Guilin Chen Hongmou inscription), and on both sides of the wooden pillar there is a famous literati Qiu Yuexiu inscription:
Feng Ya is a thirty-year pusher of the Ichigo Shikan Pavilion
Spring and Autumn Yi Xin Yi Qi Smoke Wave wanted to clear the standard
From these links, we can see the reverence and love of people at that time, and at the same time affirm his achievements and contributions.
In 1749, Ruan Xuejun and YunZhuo impeached Ji Qing for being corrupt, unsuccessful, and afraid to escape, and the Qianlong Emperor once sent a decree to arrest him: "To Ruan Xuejun, Xiang Lieyuan, although he was once inferior in the examination, he was a person who read poetry, why did he abscond in fear of sin, no different from a bandit?" If this is the case, then the person with whom he usually associates with him cannot be questioned, and the overseer should be strictly arrested, and he must not be allowed to go far. ("Records of Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty, Qianlong, May 14th Year") Because there was no solid evidence, Ji Qing and others were not dealt with at that time, and the matter was closed, but Ruan Xuelian was forced to withdraw from the official field and work as an apprentice in Wujiang for more than thirty years. There is a "Collection of Poetry of the Village" passed down.
Meishan brothers, famous all over the world
Ruan Xuehao gave birth to two sons, one named Kwai Sang and the other named Zhi Sheng, which means prosperity and prosperity. At the age of 27, Kwai Sang was hired as a cabinet secretary by the official list of the hui examination, entered the military aircraft department, and was also a clerk in the three pavilions, an official to the punishment department, and there were works such as "Seven Records of Zhai Collection", "Tea Yu Guest Talk", "Autumn Zhiluo" and other works, and was a famous poet, essayist and jurist of the Qing Dynasty. Ruan Zhisheng was a 24-year-old zhongjin soldier, who successively held the posts of Zhongshu of the Cabinet, Deqing Zhi County, and Tongzhi on the north bank of the Yongding River, and wrote "Yong Su Zhai Collection", "Listening to the Tide Collection", "Notes on retiring to the Court", etc. The great poet Yuan Ming greatly praised his poem "Titled in the Tomb of Qian" in the "Poetry of Suiyuan". The two brothers loved each other and were good at poetry, and were known as the "Meishan Brothers" (referring to Su Shi Suru).
Ruan Kwai Sang is knowledgeable, shrewd and capable, quick thinking, and thousands of words of articles can be waved. When he was in the Punishment Department, he was already appreciated by Liu Tongxun, Shu Hede and other Xiangguo. In handling the case, he advocated "no prejudices, no fixed views, no arrogance and discernment, and no leniency and indulgence in the name of false reputation" (often followed the "Order of the Sixtieth Birthday of Anfu Sikou"), handled many major and important cases, and left a large number of wonderful cases, which became a model for prison management at that time and in later generations. According to the "Draft History of the Qing Dynasty and the Chronicle of the Criminal Law", "Ruan Kuisheng, a servant of the Punishment Department, wrote the "Autumn Chronicle", and then the rules were prepared slightly, and the Chinese and foreign autumn surveyors Xian Yizhi", he made great contributions to the construction of the legal system in the Qing Dynasty. The biographies written by Ruan Yuan and others and the local chronicles of the prefectures and counties have recorded many wonderful cases at great expense. Qianlong Thirty-Eight, the "Four Libraries of the Whole Book" opened, for a time the world's talents gathered in the Beijing Division. Ruan Kuisheng entered the museum to compile the "Atlas of the Western Regions" and "The TongwenZhi of the Western Regions", which are two academic works on the geography and language of Xinjiang, which are very difficult. Later, he was ordered to proofread Wenjinge's "Four Libraries of the Whole Book", and all of them completed the task with high quality, which was praised by the Qianlong Emperor. In February 1785, the Qianlong Emperor summoned him alone twice in Xiyuan and cordially talked to him: "Ru Father Confucian Subject, Can Article, Ru Fu is good at political affairs, be Yi Mian Zhi!" (Often follow the Sixty Birthdays of Anfu Sikou). Two months later, he was promoted to the rank of squire of the Punishment Department. In May, he went with the Qianlong Emperor to chengde mountain villa for summer vacation, and in the autumn he accompanied the Qianlong emperor to hunt in Mulan, and the two chanted poems together, leaving behind many singing and poetry, and became close friends. The Qianlong Emperor praised him as one of the few talents among the Nine Qings in recent years, and rewarded him with many rare fruits and jewels from foreign tributes.
Ruan Kwai Sang's life is simple, silent and good, and his only hobby is to read and write. Poetry accompanied him throughout his life, leaving behind seventeen manuscripts of poetry. These works have a wide range of themes, rich content and diverse styles. He was also good at giving him a letter, taking the major events in the country's political life as the theme, and vigorously praising the national integration, unprecedented strength and prestige of the Qing Dynasty in the middle and late Qianlong Dynasty, as well as the prosperity and prosperity of the country and the people's security. The work that made him famous for later generations is the notebook miscellaneous work "Tea Yu Ke Dialect" that he has accumulated twenty years of work, which preserves a large number of precious materials and has important documentary value. He is an important member of the "Sweeping Society" initiated by his father, actively supporting poor students, and donating hundreds of books treasured by his family to the college in his hometown. He advocated and took the lead in donating funds to purchase the Huai'an Guild Hall, which was convenient for Huai people to come to Beijing, and took the lead in donating funds to build a puji temple for orphans, widows, and elderly women in the capital.
He was alone in the dynasty, never attached to the inflammatory tendency, upright in nature, and hated to please. As a tangtang erpinjing official, he was willing to live in a dark room, happy to ride a broken car, clean and honest, indifferent to fame and wealth. From his poem "The Open Car", we can understand his simple living conditions at that time:
The cloth drapery fluttered and glanced at the short rudder, and the purple phoenix sky Wu Bai knot hung. Three sides shift to meet the rising sun, and the four windows are empty to see the blue sky. Look at the mountain chair sills to look at things, spit jade with the wind left and right. Stretch out your feet and chant ten views, and drive out the twilight drive towards the direction.
The author notes that at that time, some people in the imperial court said that his sub-car had ten scenes, such as "riding a hissing wind", "three windows printing the moon", "covering the slanting sun", "breaking the snow", "hitting the autumn hail", "blowing the spring breeze", etc., in fact, it was just a joke that his car was too worn to shade the sun and block the wind.
He was a member of the clan, a friend of his teachers, a good man, and spared no effort to promote his descendants. Once, he read a friend's poem "Green Yang Yin Li Waterside Car", and he praised it, lianhe five songs, and publicized it everywhere ("Green Yang Yin Li Waterside Car"). The Manchu scholar Bai Juxi was more than twenty years younger than Ruan Kuisheng, known as the Qianlong Emperor with literature, self-preservation, not to work, with a sentence of "light rain silent suddenly to the saddle" to get Ruan Kuisheng's beating praise, Ruan Kuisheng also gave poetry to encourage him, he was deeply moved, and the two formed a deep friendship.
Twenty-eight years after Ruan Kwai Seng's death, the Governor of Liangjiang, Baiju Creek, went to Shanyang County, Huai'an Province, to visit Ruan Kwai Seng's children and grandchildren, and compiled and engraved the "Selected Poems of the Seven Records of Zhai", which was the first selected poem of Nguyen Kwai Seng published publicly. In the preface, he fondly recalled the reward that Nguyen Kwai Seng had given himself: "To be insensitive, insulting and Mr. Wushan to make a poetic friendship, and between the tails of the leopard in the genus, Mr. Will Be Happy to Move colors, and the reputation will not go to the mouth, and at that time, every mr. Nguyen Kwai Sang came out, and everyone passed on the view, such as Yan Gao's bow Gu did not see quan Ding Ye", and highly praised Ruan Kwai Sheng's artistic achievements.