China has a long history and has also undergone a number of dynastic changes, of which the Han state has the largest number of regimes, but there is also no shortage of dynasties in which ethnic minorities dominate the world. The most well-known Manchu Qing Dynasty is the Manchu Dynasty, while the Yuan Dynasty is the Mongol World. The Xiongnu, Xianbei, and so on are all well-known minority regimes.
Historically and in the Song Dynasty, the Liao state regime was also established by ethnic minorities, and it was established by the Khitan people, so it was also called the Khitan state. His national strength was even stronger than that of the Song Dynasty, but due to many problems of his own, the emperor was not the material for the emperor, and in the end he could only end up with the fall of the country.
In the film and television dramas of the Tang Dynasty, you can often see the shadow of the Khitan people, or they are in turmoil on the frontier, or there are ministers to report the movements of the Khitans, or Khitan princesses to marry in the Tang Dynasty, etc.; the Khitan clan is slowly developing and growing, and the Tang Dynasty court cannot be neglected at will, and Tang Taizong also gave the Khitan clan an imperial surname.
The founding emperor of the Liao state was Liao Taizu, who formally established the Liao state in 916, and his Khitan name was Yelü Abaoji. It was also at this time that the new state of liao appeared in history; because they were a small number of nomadic people, their own physique was strong and good at riding and shooting, so they had a great advantage on the battlefield, and their power became stronger and stronger.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were three kingdoms, and by the Song Dynasty, the three kingdoms were equally powerful; the Liao State, the Western Xia, and the Song Dynasty in the Central Plains stood in the three directions. There have been frequent disturbances in the border areas, but there has been no major movement and fighting. The Liao state and the Western Xia often had alliances, so the Song Dynasty also had to show favor to the Liao state.
After all, although it seemed to be a three-legged relationship at that time, in fact, in terms of force or the state of military strength, the Liao State was the strongest. The famous Tanyuan Alliance was also a covenant signed by the Song Dynasty in order to get along with the Liao State, but the Song Dynasty needed to send a large number of materials to the Liao State every year as a chip. This also reflects the strength and prosperity of the Liao state at that time.
However, this kind of strength did not last long, and from the beginning of Emperor Xingzong of Liao, the government of the Liao state was in chaos. Even if there are no powerful foreign enemies to harass, they will one day lose at their own hands. There were nine emperors in the Liao State, and Emperor Xingzong of Liao was the seventh, and the last three generations of emperors from then on directly sent the Liao State into history.
His father was Emperor Shengzong of Liao, still an enlightened emperor, and he was the crown prince, and he succeeded to the throne smoothly after his father's death. However, at that time, he was still young, and many government affairs could not be started, and just when he was upset, his biological mother Xiao Yunjin took it upon herself to become the empress dowager. He himself was raised by Emperor Shengzong's empress Xiao Bodhisattva, and he did not have too deep feelings with his birth mother.
Although she was dissatisfied with her behavior of establishing herself as empress, Liao Xingzong did not investigate too deeply. But Xiao Yunjin was dissatisfied with the status quo, and even wanted to imitate her predecessors to listen to the government, so she placed her other children and even some people who knew the roots in the DPRK and held important positions. Emperor Xingzong of Liao knew that full of resentment, mother and son were suspicious of each other and competed for power.
Xiao Yunjin's power has swelled since she established herself as empress dowager, and she directly wants to attack her, who is dissatisfied with the former empress and her love enemy. Emperor Xingzong of Liao was reluctant, but Xiao Yunjin was very insistent, so the two reached a consensus to imprison her. He did not expect that Xiao Yunjin would actually take advantage of Emperor Xingzong of Liao's outing to execute the empress privately.
This incident brought the relationship between mother and son to a freezing point, but the real breakup was because Xiao Yunjin's desire for power exceeded Liao Xingzong's imagination. She attempted to unite with others to depose Emperor Xingzong of Liao to support her brother to ascend the throne, and Emperor Xingzong of Liaoxing preemptively took control of Xiao Yunjin and regained his power.
Although he finally became pro-government, most of his energy was focused on the previous fight with his mother. There was little understanding of the affairs of the government, and blindly sending troops to the Western Xia led to a serious injury to the army's vitality, which also laid the groundwork for the subsequent fall of the country.
Emperor Daozong of Liao was the eldest son of Emperor Xingzong of Liao, and when he succeeded to the throne after Emperor Xingzong of Liao's death, he was even more confused than his father. Not only is it difficult to distinguish between loyal and traitorous ministers, but also he can poison his relatives fiercely, and the famous Chongyuan Rebellion, who did not believe in the loyal ministers' advice, almost died, fortunately, there is still a chance to redeem everything, and he can catch the traitors all.
But what he most excessively did was that he killed his own empress because of the schemes of the traitors, and his empress name was Xiao Guanyin, who was not only talented but also very beautiful. Usually fond of music and musical instruments, and often playing musical instruments to pass the time, the traitorous minister Yelü Taiyi made a big fuss about it, and found someone to imitate her notes and forged a adulterous letter to present to the Liao Daozong.
Without thinking that the Liao Daoist Sect did not have a moment's doubts, he directly executed Xiao Guanyin. What was even more excessive was to strip her of her clothes and send her back to her mother's house with a straw mat, which was extremely humiliating. Tai Yi's essential purpose was to overthrow the prince, so he took advantage of the hot iron rumor that the prince wanted to avenge his mother, fearing that it would threaten the position of The Liao Daozong.
Without even thinking about it, Emperor Daozong of Liao said that his only son had been reduced to a commoner. He was like a puppet without the ability to think, allowing the traitor to send away his closest relatives one by one. In the end, only the only bloodline was left, and his grandson was also the next emperor, The Heavenly Emperor, and did not think that this emperor was even more absurd.
Emperor Tianzuo was the king of the Liao Dynasty, and if the first two were only affected by other things or external factors, then he was purely enjoying fun and did not pay any attention to the affairs of the government. He loved hunting all his life, and often did not stay in the palace, but more in line with the habits of the nomadic people, carrying tents and running around; where there was prey, he stationed there.
On the one hand, he is a typical person who only listens to good words. As the saying goes, loyalty is against the ear, but he does not listen, he only likes to listen to his good words, ignore criticism and even suggestions, and even punish the minister who raised the question; this is one of the reasons why the Liao state quickly perished at his hands.
At that time, another ethnic minority tribe, the Jurchens, slowly developed and grew. Emperor Tianzuo had always been obsessed with the liao state, which was incomparably powerful and invincible, and he also concluded that it was only a small harassment and could not become a big climate for the repeated attacks of the Jurchens. I didn't think about it until the Jurchens had breached the capital, and the Tianzuo Emperor was still missing.
The development of the Jurchens has become unstoppable, and a new country has been directly established - the Golden State. Even if the Liao state has established a new king, it still cannot avoid the fate of being swallowed. The Tianzuo Emperor was finally captured by the Jin State at Yingzhou.
After the establishment of many minority regimes, they all wanted to sinicize to a greater or lesser extent, after all, the Han Dynasty was superior to these ethnic minorities in many aspects. However, most ethnic minorities only learned the skin and did not learn the fundamentals, so they ended up in an embarrassing situation.
Nomadic people are good at fighting games, but they know very little about governing the country, so the number of ethnic minority regimes in our country is small, and the maintenance time will not be too long. Most of the reasons for the fall of the Liao state were in themselves, and generations of emperors failed to make the country more prosperous and powerful in essence.