Original title: [Tracing the Origin of Gansu] Tianshui Brocade Lane and Su Hui's "Xuanjie Map"
Statue of Su Hui in People's Park, Tianshui City
"Xuan Jie Tu" brocade text
The pictures in this edition are all infographics
Li Qingling, a special contributor to this newspaper
There is a brocade platform in Erlang Lane, west of the city of Qinzhou District, Tianshui City, which is the former residence of Su Hui, the wife of The Former Qin Qin Prefecture Assassin Dou Tao of the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Su Hui once woven the "Tapestry Palindrome" of LiuFang Hundred Generations here, also known as "Xuanjie Tu". This is an extremely valuable historical and cultural tourism resource, and it is necessary to sort out the historical connotation of this resource for reference.
Family conflicts brew separation
The "Xuanjie Diagram" of The Glory of Hundred Generations originated from a family storm. Author Su Hui (c. 359—?) Nian), the character Ruolan, she was the third daughter of Su Daoqian, a native of Chenliu County, Wugong County (in present-day northwest of Wugong County, Shaanxi), and was beautiful, knowledgeable, and calm. In the sixteenth year, he married Dou Tao, a native of the neighboring Fufeng County of Meiyang County (present-day Fufeng County, Shaanxi). Dou Taokui Wei Qingxiu, Bo Tong Jingshi, able to write and martial arts, high social evaluation. They can be described as talented women, both elite.
Ancient marriages allowed men to take concubines, but there were many women who could not allow others to get involved in their own emotional fields. Su Hui is such a person. In the words of the Tang Dynasty empress Wu Zetian, "Su Shi's temperament is close to urgency, and he is quite jealous." "Sometimes the temperament is impatient, jealous. Originally, Dou Tao was very fond of Su Hui, and the relationship between husband and wife was harmonious. However, Dou Tao also had a favorite concubine named Zhao Balcony. Zhao Balcony is also not an ordinary person. She can sing and dance, "the beauty of singing and dancing is unparalleled." "That is, singing and dancing, better than anyone." Dou Tao placed her in another place. After Su Hui knew about this, she found Zhao Balcony and insulted him bitterly, and Dou Tao was deeply angry. Zhao Balcony also picked up Su Hui's faults and slandered Dou At the pillow, so Dou Tao was even more angry with Su Hui.
Dou Tao's political career also showed some minor twists and turns. It turned out that former Qin lord Jian Jian attached great importance to Dou Tao, entrusted him with heavy responsibilities, and repeatedly held prominent positions. However, during his tenure as an assassin in Qin Prefecture, Dou Tao was demoted to today's Dunhuang to guard the border because he violated the will of Jian Jian. Fortunately, the times changed quickly, and his situation quickly reversed. In the fourth year of emperor Taiyuan of the Jin Dynasty (379 CE), Emperor Wu of Jin attacked Xiangyang Commandery (襄阳郡, in modern Xiangyang, Hubei) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and made the general Liang the Assassin of Jingzhou with a medium-based general, with 10,000 troops and the town guarding Xiangyang. At the same time, some people with "talent" are selected to "use it with courtesy" (Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 104), including Dou Tao. In Wu Zetian's view, it was after Jian Jian laid down Xiangyang, "worried about danger, through The Talent Strategy, it was general Annan who stayed in Xiangyang." Dou Tao, with the title of General of Annan, assisted Shi Liangcheng in Jingzhou in defending Xiangyang.
At that time, officials were allowed to bring their families with them. When Dou Tao went to Xiangyang, he wanted to take Su Hui with him, but Su Hui was angry and did not go. Dou Tao was angry, so he took Zhao Balcony with him and left Su Hui aside, without hearing from him. Previously, when Dou Tao was making the history of Qinzhou, he brought Su Hui from his hometown to Qinzhou, that is, today's water residence, and when he was relegated to the former Qin frontier Dunhuang Shu punctuality due to his intentions, the circumstances were different, and Su Hui was not taken, and Su Hui continued to live in today's water. Jian Jian laid down Xiangyang and sent Dou Tao to guard the town, but Su Hui did not want to accompany him and continued to stay in Qinzhou, where he later created the Xuanjie Tu.
"Tapestry Palindrome" sends affection
When Dou Tao transferred the town of Xiangyang from Dunhuang, Su Hui was 21 years old, young and vigorous, and for a moment he flicked Dou Tao's heart and lost the opportunity to follow his love. When she woke up, she was extremely remorseful and sad, so she used her unique talent to create a "Tapestry Palindrome", that is, "Xuanjie Diagram", to pin her sentimentality.
There are two kinds of Su Hui palindromic poems circulating in society. One is the "Xuanjie Diagram", the full text of 841 words, and the other is the 112-character "Tapestry Palindrome", which is widely circulated in The area of Tianshui City, Gansu. In fact, both versions of palindromic poetry are true. According to the "Sixteen Kingdoms Spring and Autumn Records of Former Qin, Dou Tao's Wife Su Shi", "(Dou) Tao was the history of Qin Prefecture's thorns, and was moved to quicksand, and Su Shi sizhi, because the brocade was a palindrome." "Quicksand, that is, Dunhuang." This account clearly tells us that when Dou Tao was degraded to Dunhuang, Su Hui had "woven brocade palindrome to the heavenly son", that is, her tapestry palindrome managed to forward to the former Qin lord Jian Jian, hoping that he would "forgive the slave husband and marry his widow early"; this palindrome poem is different from the "Xuanjie Tu" created by Su Hui after Dou Tao transferred the town of Xiangyang County, and was praised by Wu Zetian. This 112-word "palindromic poem" is arranged in 14 vertical lines and 8 columns horizontally. The word "husband" ends with "wife" in the middle of the first line. When reading, read from the beginning of the word "fu" in the middle of the top line, read obliquely to the right, and get the sentence "Husband and wife are deeply separated for a long time"; read the word "away" and then go down, start with the word "Mandarin Duck" from right to left, read back to the left, and get the sentence "Mandarin Duck on the pillow with tears hanging down". Then read the word "thinking" down, the word "when" is read to the bottom left, and the whole sentence is "thinking about the good hair at the beginning"; then starting from the word "good" below the word "good", reading it downward to the right and then to the upper right, you get the sentence "Do you know that you are cold and lonely". In this way, it is read in a circular motion until the word "wife" is juxtaposed with the word "husband", and a perfect seven-word poem is obtained:
The couple was separated for a long time, and the Mandarin duck had tears on the pillow.
Thinking about the good hair at the beginning, do you know that the cold is lonely and miserable?
When I went, I told the truth, who expected that I would not return for a long time.
I was going to go to the same day as my husband, but who did my in-laws rely on when they were old?
I want to be more expensive at home, and I think about the lack of winter clothes on my body.
Wild cranes can still find a companion, and the yangque deep in the mountains is called early return.
Poor heaven and earth are the same as the sun and the moon, why didn't my husband return early?
Tapestry Palindrome to the Heavenly Son, early pardon slave husband with widowhood.
The language of the whole poem is simple and cleverly structured. The content includes the longing for the husband, the thought of his "little cold clothes on his body", the resentment of the husband, the difficulty of giving up the in-laws, the helplessness of the family, and the expectation of the return of the forgiveness of the son of heaven. Among the historical messages it conveys, there is also the fact that the elderly in-laws need to take care of this historical fact. They either lived in their hometown in Shaanxi or with Su Hui in today's water, which is not found in other records.
The Xuanjie Tu was written after Dou Tao adjusted the town of Xiangyang County. The "Jinshu Lienu Dou Tao's Wife Su Shi" does not contain the plot of Dou Tao's transfer from Dunhuang to Xiangyang, which gives readers the misunderstanding that the "Xuanjie Tu" was also Dou Tao's "quicksand" when he was "migrated to quicksand". It is also the Song dynasty Li Fang and others who compiled the "Wenyuan Yinghua" preserved by Wu Zetian's "Su Clan Brocade Huiwen Record" is more well recorded: "The General Of The Tao General Zhen Xiangyang invited Su Shizhi (Doubt yan) to go with him, and Su Shi was angry and did not go with him." Tao Sui took the balcony with him and asked Su Shiyin. Sue remorses and hurts himself because of the tapestry palindrome. "The "Xuanjie Diagram", which has explained more than 840 words, was created at this time.
"Xuanjie Diagram" is woven with multicolored silk, 29 characters in each horizontal and vertical direction, eight inches in brocade, and reads sequentially, back reading, horizontal reading, oblique reading, interactive reading, snake line reading, back one word reading, heavy one word reading, intermittent sentence reading, left and right rotation reading, all of which are poems. The structure is different, but the theme is not far from the grievances. It is wonderful to be able to read hundreds or even thousands of poems from it. To quote Wu Zetian again, it is "five collections of mutual propaganda, brilliant heart" and "more than 200 inscription poems", a total of more than 800 words. It is repeated vertically and horizontally, and it is all in chapters and sentences. His dot painting is flawless, the talent is wonderful, super ancient and modern, the name is "Xuanjie Tu". The picture has just been woven, and the average person can't read it when they see it. Su Hui smiled and said to the people: "Wandering is like a turn, it is a self-made article." Not my jia (family) person (referring to Dou Tao), Mo Zhi can understand. So he asked the domestic servant to send the Xuanjie Tu to Xiangyang. Dou Tao looked at it, and sure enough, he sighed that his writing was incomparably wonderful, and immediately changed his mind, prepared a vehicle for a generous gift, and took Su Hui to hannan renshou, and the two of them "got better and heavier." Wu Zetian's "Su's Tapestry Palindrome" also mentions that Su Hui wrote more than 5,000 words before and after, and was buried at the end of the Sui Dynasty, and the words were scattered and sought. "And the Jinzi palindrome, Sheng see the biography." It is a model of the grievance poem, the earliest palindromic poem passed down. (Li Fang et al., eds., Wenyuan Yinghua, vol. 834) was highly praised and praised. It is no wonder that later generations ranked Su Hui alongside Cai Wenji, Xie Daoyun, and Zuo Di, and became one of the four talented women of the Sixteen Kingdoms of Wei and Jin.
In the forty-first edition of his famous novel "Mirror Flower Edge", Li Ruzhen of the Qing Dynasty compiled and preserved the "Xuanjie Tu" and the "Su's Tapestry Palindrome" written by Wu Zetian, and interpreted the "Xuanjie Tu" in detail, from which each poem of three, four, five, six, and seven sentences was extracted, "it can be a thousand and a thousand", which provided great convenience for the research and appreciation of future generations.
The artistic value of Xuan Jie Tu
Su Hui was not the first person in history to write palindrome poems. Before her, Fu Xian (239-294) and Wen Yu (288-329) had written palindromic poems, but their works had long since dissipated. The earliest palindromic poems that have been circulated in the world are Su Hui's two works. From the perspective of the form of Tibetan poetry, "Xuanjie Tu" is unique in the history of Chinese literature and has a huge influence. Because of this, successive generations of researchers and imitative writers have continued to do so. The poems of the Southern and Northern Dynasties poets Jiang Yan, Wu Jun, Liang Yuan Emperor Xiao Xuan, Yu Xin, Wang Rong and others all sang and Su Hui's "Xuanjie Tu", and after the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were more poems by Su Hui and "Xuan Jie Tu". Fan Mengyang and Zhang Zhan of the Tang Dynasty, and Wang Anshi and Su Shi of the Song Dynasty all have chants. In the Ming Dynasty, in addition to Li Ruzhen's novel "Mirror Flower Edge", Tang Xianzu and Zhang Fen also had related arias. Qing Dynasty opera composer Hong Sheng's "Tapestry" performed this event in the form of a legend. In the Qing Dynasty, there was also a "Hejin Palindrome" that introduced and included the "Xuanjie Diagram". Many later generations' imitations, or more literary, are also innovative in reading, but on the early age of the times, the number of Tibetan poems, the wonderful structure, and the great influence, "Xuanjie Tu" is still second to none.
A "Xuanjie Diagram" containing thousands of poems. It pioneered and innovated the field and form of ancient fun poetry. Changed the arrangement rules of traditional poetic language, the three words, four words, five words, six words, seven words and four sentences of poetry mixed arrangement, from different angles, in different forms, the author's grievances, talents are vividly expressed, into the wood three points, so that many people can not be fully understood, only to understand the author's feelings can read, it can be seen that the author's high quality in poetry skills. The text phalanx of "Xuanjie Diagram" is vast, the style is calm, the meaning is subtle, and the feelings are sincere and poignant. It is not like the emotional confession of a young woman, the literary and righteous, vigorous and powerful brushstrokes, but like a Shuo Confucian, whose great creativity is no less than that of Su Xue Shuo confucian and literati rioters.
Su Hui's "XuanJie Tu" is not only a thick bundle of literary wonders, but also a creative artistic masterpiece. She transformed the carrier of poetry from traditional simple paper into brocade. Brocade is a high-grade silk fabric with a color pattern. In order to make "Xuanjie Tu" with brocade as a writing material, in addition to the creation of the poem itself, it is first necessary to dye silk and weave. After the brocade is woven, it is necessary to plan the layout of the "Xuanjie Diagram", divide the color, write poems in the brocade, and then embroider it one by one and become the palindrome brocade. The requirements of each process are extremely fine, and there must be no negligence, otherwise it will leave stains and regrets. Su Hui combines all the arts and perfectly produces it, reflecting her comprehensive artistic talent. The name "Xuanjie (generally referring to the Beidou) figure" means that it is like the Beidou and can be read in a rotating way. It is embroidered on the gorgeous brocade, and embroidered with colorful silk threads "Xuanjie Tu", not only the color is more gorgeous, but also the 841 golden jade pearl-like words, showing a dazzling poetry garden, but also the ancients who have not seen before, and those who have not seen after, are more dazzling than the brilliance of the splendid embroidery.
Su Hui's relics tapestry and his creation of the "Xuanjie Map" are a historical and cultural heritage of great development value. Some development work has been done by predecessors. Some literary and historical workers have collected and sorted out the research results of Su Hui's works such as "Xuanjie Tu", as well as the love story of Su Hui and Dou Tao, and compiled them into works of historiography, literature, and drama, which have been widely circulated. In present-day Tianshui City, Gansu Province, and Fufeng County, Shaanxi, in addition to the relics and legends of Su Hui's "Brocade Lane" and "Tapestry Platform", there is also a popular custom: when young men and women get married, women should prepare many flower handkerchiefs or palindromes of more than three colors in advance, and give them to the man's visitors, implying that the daughter is skillful and the man should not be careful. It is said that the earlier handkerchiefs were woven in the soil method, but later the nearby knitting factory saw business opportunities from it, so they developed beautiful woven multi-color flower handkerchiefs as tourist goods.