Dingtao, belonging to Heze City, Shandong Province, is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, in the middle of Heze City, and was once known as "under the heavens" in ancient times. In August and September 1946, in this ancient land, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping commanded an extremely splendid battle, which not only smashed the Kuomintang army's attack on the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Liberated Area, but also reversed the passive situation on the southern front of the Liberated Area, which was praised by Mao Zedong as a model of the operational principle of "concentrating superior forces and annihilating the enemy each", which is the famous Dingtao Campaign. This year, marking the 75th anniversary of the victory in the Dingtao Campaign, the "Motherland" magazine has specially edited and sorted out the article "Blood Battle dayang Lake" in "Memoirs of Li Desheng" for the benefit of readers.
During the Liberation War, Li Desheng was the brigade commander of the 17th Brigade.
After the Battle of Longhai, the enemy quickly concentrated 14 integrated divisions and 32 brigades, totaling 300,000 people, in an attempt to take advantage of the fact that our army was not in time to rest and use its superior strength to jointly attack our army in the Areas of Dingtao and Cao County. In late August, the enemy troops from the east and west directions of Xuzhou and Zhengzhou launched a "pincer offensive" in 6 routes to southwest Lu. The commander of the field army decided to lure the enemy deeper with the 3rd and 7th columns on the left and the 2nd and 6th columns on the right, and first annihilated the reorganized 3rd Division in the direction of Zhengzhou and the area of Dayang Lake southwest of Dingtao, breaking the enemy's plan to clamp down on our army. Our 6th Column first participated in the blockade of the enemy on the western road, delayed and depleted them, and then lured the enemy into our pocket position before participating in the Battle of Dayang Lake. Commanders Liu and Deng chose the entire 3rd Division as the first target of annihilation, which was very clever. The entire 3rd Division was the ace unit of Chiang Kai-shek's concubine, well-equipped, expeditionary expedition to Burma in the War of Resistance Against Japan, and its combat effectiveness was very strong. The lieutenant general of this division, Zhao Xitian, who graduated from the huangpu phase I and was also the nephew of Gu Zhutong, commander-in-chief of chiang kai-shek's army, was arrogant and arrogant, and had deep contradictions with other non-concubine units on the West Road, and once trapped, it was difficult to get timely rescue.
At the operational meeting held by the military region, Political Commissar Deng made a mobilization and asked everyone, "Do we resolutely destroy the enemy, or do we take up our backpacks and return to the Taihang Mountains?" Commander Wang Jinshan of our column immediately said: "I and political commissar Du Yide made a military order today, do not eliminate Zhao Xitian, and never come back to see you again!" And on the spot, he asked for the most difficult task of encircling and annihilating the 59th Regiment of the 20th Brigade, the main force of the 3rd Division.
During the Liberation War, Liu Bocheng, Li Da, Song Renqian, Du Yide, Wang Jinshan, Wei Jie, and others were in the Dabie Mountains
On 23 August, the 18th Brigade organized mobile defenses in the northeastern region of Lanfeng to delay the enemy's movements. From the 26th to the 31st, the 16th Brigade used the means of gradual resistance to kill and wound the enemy and lure him deeper. My 17th Brigade also took part in the blockade battle. It was the height of summer, the climate in southwest Lu was hot, the wind was blowing, the yellow sand was rolling, and the troops braved the scorching heat to open a movement war with the enemy in the wind and sand.
When the enemy's 3rd Division saw me retreating step by step, it mistakenly believed that I did not dare to fight a decisive battle, and even more boldly ventured forward. Zhao Xitian actually thought that I "could not form an army" and threatened that "in two weeks, I would be able to occupy the entire Jin-Ji Luyu and catch the communist army to the Taihang Mountains!" "On September 3, after the enemy entered Dayang Lake, it was already in an isolated position and did not care. Seeing that the time was ripe to annihilate the enemy, the commander of the column ordered the 50th Regiment of our 17th Brigade to return to the division and gather in a big way to block the enemy, and the main force of the brigade and other large armies of all walks of life used the tactic of "returning to the horse gun" to fold back from both wings and form a bag-shaped encirclement of the enemy.
On September 3, we adopted the battle method of "encircling on all sides and attacking with emphasis" to attack and annihilate the 59th Regiment, the main force of the 20th Brigade of the Dayanghu Enemy. The picture shows the position of our army in Dayang Lake.
The Dazhangji was the "bottom of the pocket", and the column asked the 50th Regiment to nail the enemy to the death in the Dazhangji, never letting him go forward, and buying time for the main force to encircle the enemy in a roundabout way.
When the 50th Regiment fought Lanfeng, it fought quite hard, and then participated in the Battle of Yanling Province, covering the transfer of the main force, and the casualties of the troops were relatively large, at this time the whole regiment only had more than 700 people, and the weapons and equipment were also lost and consumed. They accepted the task of blocking, and it was very difficult to resist the attack of the enemy who was several times larger than mine, and to complete the task of large-scale blocking warfare. However, the management of the army is noble and strict, and it is even more strict to fight hard battles and vicious battles. I issued a death order to Li Ruhai, political commissar of the 50 regiment, Ma Ning, deputy regimental commander, Zhang Gongaxe, director of the political office, and other comrades: "You take 700 warriors and stick to the big Zhangji!" Draw the enemy around and never let him run away from a person! ”
Before the war, the leaders of the 50th Regiment, together with the cadres of the battalion company, repeatedly looked at the terrain, quickly repaired the fortifications, and dispatched a vigilant force in the direction of Dayang lake to grasp the enemy's movements in a timely manner; in order to strengthen the firepower, the machine guns on the tanks captured by The Lanfeng were dismantled and loaded with wooden shelves, and the main forces and firepower were concentrated in the direction of the enemy in the west; and the small detachments were deployed outside the village to meet the enemy as soon as possible, so as to deplete their strength and delay their advance. It also used an earthen wall with a height of about 4 meters as a circular fortification, preparing to hold out in the face of being surrounded by the enemy. On the afternoon of September 3, the 20th Brigade of the entire 3rd Division, with the strength of two regiments, with the cooperation of aircraft and tanks, stormed the position of the 50th Regiment of Dazhangji. Under the command of political commissar Li Ruhai and deputy regimental commander Ma Ning, the 50th Regiment repelled four enemy attacks. I repeatedly encouraged them on the phone to play lanfeng spirit and guard the big set. Under extremely critical and cruel circumstances, the battalions and companies of the 50th Regiment put forward the battle slogans of "people in the position" and "vowing to coexist and die with the position". The morale of the whole regiment was high, and they were calm in the battle, slightly wounded and could not get out of the line of fire, and seriously wounded and insisted on fighting. The enemy surrounded our large group and fought fiercely until dusk, but also failed to attack the village. The enemy failed to attack several times before realizing that it was in a difficult situation, and the attack was more fierce, and the fierce battle between the two sides lasted for more than 10 hours.
The battle of Dazhangji was very brutal, most of the bunkers and communication trenches were razed to the ground, and only more than 100 people remained in the 50 regiment, most of whom were wounded many times. This vicious battle was a test for the 50th Regiment, but their style of being good at defense was cultivated, and they became famous throughout the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Military Region.
The Dazhangji Blockade Battle created conditions for the total annihilation of the 3rd Division. At 11:30 p.m. on September 3, the military region commanded the troops to launch an attack on the entire 3rd Division, and by dusk on the 4th, after the 6th Column had cleared the strongholds on the outskirts of DayangHu, it had attacked Dayanghu with the strength of two regiments, but because the enemy's firepower was too fierce, it failed to succeed. At this time, the enemy's reorganized 41st, 47th, 55th, and 68th divisions were reinforcing the entire 3rd Division from the west, south, and southeast.
On the morning of the 5th, the column called a meeting of the cadres of various brigades and some of the main regiments. At this time, the headquarters of the column was located in the east of Shagu Temple, and the command of our 17th Brigade was located in Anlingji, more than 1 kilometer away from Dayang Lake.
At the meeting, after Yao Jiming's chief of staff reported on the enemy's situation, Commander Wang Jinshan conveyed the instructions of Chief Liu Deng: The battle of Dayang Lake is the key to destroying the entire 3rd Division and crushing the enemy's all-round offensive. If this battle is not fought well, and the four reorganized divisions of the enemy on both the east and west sides arrive, we will not only lose Lu Southwest and retreat 150 kilometers, but also carry our backpacks back to the Taihang Mountains! Commander Wang said, "Noji asks us to concentrate all our forces tonight, at all costs, to take down DayangHu and eliminate the main force of the entire 3rd Division, the 59th Regiment!" On behalf of the commanders and fighters of the whole column, I issued a military order to Chief Liu Deng to come down, even if only one brigade and one company were left, we would still have to complete the task!
In the Battle of Dayang Lake, about 3 regiments of troops and full arson fire were invested in the main assault direction, forming an absolute superiority over the enemy.
Commander Wang then assigned the task, with the 18th Brigade with the 49th Regiment of the 17th Brigade as the main attack, attacking from Mazhuang to the southeast to Dayanghu; the 46th Regiment of the 16th Brigade attacked from the north; the 17th Brigade (owed to the 49th Regiment) was equipped with Dazhangji as a reserve, and the 48th Regiment and 53rd Regiment were responsible for the task of containing the guard and encircling. Political Commissar Du Yide demanded that commanders at all levels fully mobilize the troops to resolutely destroy the enemy with the courage of our invincibility!
In order to implement the above determination, Commander Wang led the column forward to The Dazhangji command more than 500 meters away from Dayang Lake. The commanders of all the brigades arrived at the command post behind the first-line regiment and the column, and moved to anling set of the command post of our brigade.
Dayanghu is a village with more than 200 families, surrounded by open terrain, there is a trench outside the village, about 3 meters deep, there is a large pond in the south of the village, and the reeds are dense, forming a natural obstacle. After the enemy occupied the village, the construction of the fortifications was strengthened, and the main crossing in the village was built with a dark fort, combined with the gun holes that broke through the wall, forming a dense crossfire network. There are two deer fences outside the village, and bonfires are lit outside the village for night patrols. The traffic ditch connects the inside and outside of the village, supported by artillery fire in depth, and the Shenni Village in the southwest of the village, as well as tanks ready to assist in the battle. In order to clear the firing line, the enemy planes dropped petrol bombs, ignited the houses and firewood piles on the edge of the village, and the sky over Dayang Lake was red!
Gao Fan, an air defense sentry of our army in the battle of Dayang Lake, took a photo
After Zhao Xitian was strongly blocked by our army, he knew that he had encountered a hard nail, and he also set up a crazy posture of fighting with me to the death!
Just as the troops were stepping up their preparations for the attack, news suddenly came: Commander Liu Bocheng and Political Commissar Deng Xiaoping arrived at the command post of the Anling Ji Column and personally commanded the battle of Dayang Lake!
The presence of the two chiefs on the front line shows the importance of this battle. Commanders at all levels quickly spread the news to every soldier!
The vast number of commanders and fighters were so excited when they heard that Commander Liu Bocheng and Political Commissar Deng Xiaoping had come to their side, and some comrades were so excited that they shed tears of excitement; many comrades wrote blood letters on the spot, paid the final party fees, and expressed their determination one after another: "Even if the last drop of blood is shed, we must lay down Dayang Lake, completely annihilate the entire 3rd Division, and capture Zhao Xitian alive!" ”
Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping
At 23:30 on September 5, the battle to attack Dayang Lake began!
Three red signal flares rose up in the dark night sky, and then the artillery fire of the whole column slammed into Dayang Lake. In the smoke of the artillery, the enemy's deer, barbed wire, and bunker fortifications were destroyed. After the artillery fire extended, I attacked the troops, shouted kills, and rushed up to the intended target in a sea of waves.
The 49th Regiment attacked from the southeast corner of the village, the regiment after the battle of Lanfeng, only 600 or 700 people, before this battle, the regiment organized 3 battalions into two battalions, regiment commander Zong Shuge, political commissar Chen Shaofu, deputy regimental commander Gou Zaihe led the assault battalion to the front. During the fierce battle, they paid attention to the enemy fire point. A squad leader of the 3rd Company, surnamed Zhang, avoided the enemy fire, climbed to the front of the deer, pulled open the branches, drilled inside to see the terrain clearly, saw that there was a bunker on each side of the deer in the direction of attack, and returned to bring a squad in, blew up the two bunkers, opened the breakthrough, and the troops of the two battalions entered the village from here and occupied a courtyard.
The enemy was attacked on all sides and immediately counterattacked frantically, the 49th Regiment broke into the enemy's position three times and was counterattacked by the enemy and retreated to the outside of the village, and the 52nd and 54th Regiments of the 18th Brigade were also blocked by the enemy at the mouth of the village. At this time, the column ordered that the deputy brigade commander of You Taizhong should command the assault troops of the various brigades in the village to fight, and after repeated battles, fierce fighting for a day and night, finally suppressed the enemy at the west end of the village.
During the Liberation War, You Taizhong was the commander of the 16th Brigade.
At dawn on the 6th, Zhao Xitian saw that his main regiment was about to eat, so he sent more than 400 people from the division headquarters two miles away, under the cover of 5 tanks, in an attempt to take his 59th regiment out, and the battle was more fierce. The commander of the column ordered me to unify the command of the 53rd Regiment of the 18th Brigade and put it into battle in the direction of the 54th Regiment, and after repeated surprise attacks, the enemy's rescue attempt was finally frustrated.
When the sky was light, there was a more intense gunshot from Dayang Lake. At this time, 6 regiments of the 6th Column had entered Dayang Lake!
The enemy in the village was compressed in a courtyard southwest of the village and struggled to the death, desperately fighting outward in an attempt to escape. The enemy and we fought house by wall, and the battle was unprecedentedly fierce. We suffered considerable casualties and ran out of ammunition, making it very difficult to take another step forward. Enemy planes have begun to appear on the position, and if we wait for the sky to be bright and the enemy reinforcements arrive, plus aircraft and tanks to cooperate with the attack, this battle will be even more difficult! This is the most crucial moment to test whether every unit and every commander and fighter has a strong will to defeat the enemy!
Li Aifeng, director of the General Staff Office of our brigade, was left in the former AnlingJi Brigade Command Post due to illness, in a room next to Commander Liu. He asked the telegraph operator, Wang Shaoyu, to turn on the radio and listen to the enemy's movements. Zhao Xitian was very arrogant, often did not use code words, and directly used ming language on the radio to give orders. In the future, when the situation was tense, the entire 3rd Division often used Ming language dialogue. The first thing Wang Shaoyu heard was that the enemy had sent ammunition to the entire 3rd Division with two heavy operations, and had set out from Kaocheng. After Li Da's chief of staff received this information, he immediately notified Chen Xi, commander of the 3rd Column, to send troops to intercept it.
By the early morning of the 6th, when the battle was at its fiercest, Wu Yaodong, the commander of the enemy's 59th Regiment, sent a continuous distress signal to Zhao Xitian, and then asked for emergency support in Ming language, saying: "We can't stand it anymore!" It can last up to 15 minutes! If I don't come to reinforcements, I will commit suicide! ”
After this news was reported to Commander Liu, he picked up the phone and personally relayed it to Wang Jinshan, saying: The enemy has lost the determination to persist in battle, the time has come for them to collapse, and it is also the time for our final victory! We are difficult, the enemy is more difficult! The enemy is tenacious, we must be more tenacious! If you clench your teeth and use the last force, you will definitely be able to finally destroy the enemy!
Commander Wang ordered more than 100 people from the 50 regiments, the only reserve of the column, to throw themselves into battle! He demanded that commanders at all levels resolutely carry out Commander Liu's orders and launch a final attack on the enemy!
At this time, the sky was already bright, and I ordered the troops to fight the enemy face to face in battle, and to be entangled so that the enemy planes could not help the battle. Inside and outside the village, we have organized all our forces, including service personnel and cadres of government organs, and thrown themselves into a desperate decisive battle!
The warriors snatched bullets, grenades, and bayonets from the corpses of their enemies and shouted at the enemy in front of them! The enemy, who was struggling in despair, was frightened by this brave impact and lost his soul, and in less than 5 minutes, all positions were broken through, and the enemy surrendered. Wu Yaodong, the commander of the enemy's 59th Regiment, was also pulled out from under the table and taken prisoner.
Enemy officers and soldiers captured in the Battle of Dayang Lake
The battle of Dayang Lake was finally victorious, and it was a bitter and bloody battle! It's still thrilling to look back on many years later.
When Zhao Xitian saw that the main force of the 59th Regiment had been completely annihilated, he immediately panicked and hurriedly ordered the 20th Brigade to abandon the Tianye Temple, quickly break through, move closer to the Rhubarb Division, and flee south together. But this has become a dream, and the enemies in the two places are surrounded by our 2nd and 3rd columns. Zhao Xitian had no choice but to lead the remnants to flee from the Rhubarb Collection to the Tianye Temple to join the 20th Brigade in an attempt to finally struggle.
How could Commander Liu and Political Commissar Deng allow Zhao Xitian to escape! The orders were quickly issued to the columns: "The enemy on all fronts must retreat, and we must resolutely develop the offensive into a pursuit, and the victory of the battle into a victory in the battle!" ”
Our army swept toward the enemy from several directions. In less than half a day, the entire 3rd Division was completely annihilated by us, and Zhang Jingxiao, the 7th Company of the 21st Regiment of the 7th Brigade of the 3rd Column, captured Zhao Xitian, the commander of the entire 3rd Division, alive.
Lieutenant General Zhao Xitian of the Enemy 3rd Division
Our army annihilated 4 enemy brigades and more than 17,000 people in 5 days, and successfully ended the Dingtao Campaign.
On September 12, the "Liberation Daily" published an editorial entitled "Chiang Kai-shek's Army Must Be Defeated", pointing out: "This is another major victory after the breakthrough victory of our army in the Central Plains and the great victory in central Jiangsu. These three victories played an important role in turning the tide on the entire southern front of the Liberated Areas. Chiang Kai-shek's army will be defeated, and the situation in which our army will win is fixed. ”
An editorial entitled "Jiang Jun Must Be Defeated" published by Liberation Daily
The Battle of Dingtao was the first hard and vicious battle fought by our brigade since its establishment. In this campaign, our 50th Regiment insisted on gathering in the front, and the 49th Regiment broke through Dayang Lake in the rear, successfully completing the task entrusted by the superiors. Through this campaign, our brigade has undergone a severe tempering exercise, which has played a tremendous role in cultivating a hard-bones work style of fighting bravely, not being afraid of sacrifice, not being afraid of fatigue, and fighting continuously, and in tempering and enhancing the combat effectiveness of the troops.
Hou Yanchang, the former site of the headquarters of the 6th Column and 17th Brigade in Zhangji Village, photographed by Hou Yanchang
Through this campaign, I have a profound understanding of Chairman Mao's correct operational policy of "concentrating superior forces and annihilating the enemy in each case," and of commander Liu Bocheng and Political Commissar Deng Xiaoping personally taking command of the front, firmly grasping the key to the encirclement and annihilation of the enemy's 59th regiment at Dayanghu Lake, which has a bearing on the overall situation of the Dingtao campaign, and losing no time in developing local combat victory into a superb command art for victory in the entire campaign.
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