"It's a pity that three points are high, and the emptiness is six feet lonely." The power is returned to the eunuch, and the strong enemy asks the witch. The Stone Army was indignant, and the Returning Heavens would be bold. The mountain head once learned to shoot, and there was no revenge. --Pan Shitong
Once upon a time, Liu Chan was always regarded as a representative of cowardice and incompetence, and many people lamented his attitude of "happy and not thinking". However, I don't know when Liu Chan became a saint in some of the population.
Because he saved a lot of people by surrendering. But is this really the case? Let's take a look at the end of Liu Chan's seven sons and two daughters, and understand how tragic the fall of the Shu Han was.
(Stills from the Battle of the Broken City)
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the lord Liu Chan</h1>
First of all, let's briefly introduce Liu Chan, the lord of the Shu Han Dynasty. It is reported that Liu Chan was born in 207 AD, and his mother was one of Liu Bei's concubines, Lady Gan. When he was about one year old, his father was defeated by Cao Cao because of The Long Saka Slope.
In order to escape cao Cao's blockade as soon as possible, Liu Bei very simply abandoned his wife. If it weren't for Zhao Yun's rescue, Liu Chan, who was still in his infancy, might not have lived at all.
(Stills of the latter Liu Chan)
Xu was because Liu Bei did not pay much attention to Liu Chan at first, which made Liu Chan's stepmother Lady Sun very angry, so when Liu Chan was about 5 years old, she wanted to take Liu Chan to live in Eastern Wu, but was stopped by Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun halfway.
When Liu Chan was 10 years old, Liu Bei established himself as the King of Hanzhong, and Liu Chan became the crown prince in name only. In 221 AD, Liu Bei officially declared himself emperor and established the Shu Han regime, while Liu Chan was promoted from crown prince to crown prince.
(Portrait of Liu Chan)
In order to let Liu Chan master more skills in governing the country, Liu Bei has always instructed Liu Chan to study more books such as "Shenzi", "Han Feizi", "Guanzi", and "Liutao".
At the same time, Liu Bei also asked Zhuge Liang to personally copy these books, let Yi Yuan be a teacher to teach zuo zhuan, and took a little extra time to learn martial arts every day, which showed that Liu Chan's childhood was actually very busy.
When Liu Chan was 17 years old, Liu Bei insisted on attacking Eastern Wu because Guan Yu was killed, and died of a serious illness shortly after the defeat. Not long after Liu Bei's death, Liu Chan succeeded to the throne as emperor in Chengdu.
He honored Empress Wu as empress dowager, pardoned the world, changed the Yuan Jianxing, and at the beginning of the pro-government period, Liu Chan strictly followed the edicts of his father, and was assisted by the chancellor Zhuge Liang. In this regard, the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Shushu, And Zhuge Liang's Biography" mentions:
"(Liu Chan) Political affairs are no big or small, and saltiness is determined by liang."
It is conceivable how much Liu Chan relied on Zhuge Liang at that time. Not long after, Liu Chan crowned Zhang Fei's daughter Zhang Shi as empress, and then threw himself again into the governance of Shu.
Although Liu Bei made all the arrangements as much as possible before his death, there were many civil unrest in Shudi, and Zhuge Liang chose to reconcile with Sun Quan, who had already fallen out, in order to stabilize the situation.
While Zhuge Liang bowed down to the best of his ability, Liu Chan also studied how to govern the country very carefully. Later, Zhuge Liang died of illness and Wei Yan was beheaded.
In order to stabilize the situation and grant amnesty to the world, Liu Chan appointed the left general Wu Yi as the cheqi general, and Shi Jianghuan, the governor of the Cheng Xiangliu Province, as Shang Shuling. After a few months of this, Liu Chan promoted Jiang Huan to the rank of great general and took full control of the government in his own hands.
(Portrait of Liu Chan, the latter)
In the first month of 238, Liu Chan again made the former empress's sister Zhang Shi empress, pardoned the world again, and made the crown prince Liu Xuan the crown prince and the crown prince Liu Yao the Prince of Anding.
After that, although Liu Chan also paid great attention to the government, his ability to govern the country was not as good as that of Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang, which led to the gradual decline of Shu Han. By 258 AD, the eunuch Huang Hao began to intervene in politics.
From this time on, the situation of shu Han was even worse. In the summer of 263, Sima Zhao of the State of Wei sent Zhong Hui, Deng Ai, and Zhuge Xu to attack Shu on a large scale, and Liu Chan, at the suggestion of Guanglu's grand master Yu Zhou, chose to surrender to Deng Ai's army.
Originally, this surrender was only a stopgap measure, but Jiang Wei and Zhang Yi and others made other preparations, hoping to revive Shu Han. Unfortunately, this preparation did not come in handy in the end.
Jiang Wei and Zhang Yi and others were killed because the matter was exposed, and the Shu Han regime was completely overthrown after this, and Liu Chan and others were moved to Luoyang, the capital of the Wei state, of which Liu Chan was also made the Duke of Anle County.
After spending several years in Luoyang, Liu Chan died, and the Jin court made Liu Chan the Duke of Si. Later, due to Liu Yuan's uprising, Liu Chan was posthumously honored as The Emperor of Xiaohuai, and his scenery was briefly beautiful for a while.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Liu Chan's seven sons</h1>
Although after Liu Chan surrendered, many Shu Han courtiers and Liu royalty were sent to Luoyang, this did not mean that their ending was good. Here we first talk about the ending of Liu Chan's seven sons:
Although the eldest son, Liu Xuan, was made crown prince, he died at the hands of rebels during the Zhonghui rebellion when the Shu Han fell;
The second son, Liu Yao, was once made the Prince of Anding, not to see him and his father safely arrive in Luoyang, but later because of the Yongjia Rebellion, he was killed by the rebels;
The third son, Liu Chun, was once made the King of Xihe, because he had died before the fall of the Shu Han Dynasty, but became the best among the brothers;
The fourth son, Liu Zhan, was once the Prince of Xinping, and like his second brother, although he arrived in Luoyang safely, he also died in the Yongjia Rebellion;
The fifth son, Liu Chen, was made the King of the Northern Lands, and when Guanglu's grand master Tan Zhou suggested surrender, Liu Chen requested a battle against the waters, but Liu Chan never allowed it. When the city was destroyed, Liu Chen first killed his own wife, but killed himself;
The sixth son, Liu Qian, was once made the Prince of Xinxing, and also followed Liu Chan to Luoyang, where he died in the Yongjia Rebellion;
Liu Qian (劉虔) was made king of Shangdang and also died in the Yongjia Rebellion.
(Portrait of Prince Liu Xuan)
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Liu Chan's two daughters</h1>
As for Liu Chan's two daughters, their endings were not so good:
The eldest daughter married Zhuge Liang's son Zhuge Zhan and had three sons, of whom the eldest son Zhuge Shang accompanied his father yu Mianzhu to resist Deng Ai, and eventually died on the battlefield;
The second son, Zhuge Jing, followed his mother to Luoyang after the fall of the Shu Han Dynasty, and was sent to Jiangzhou to assassinate the history; the third son, Zhuge Jing, is not recorded in the main history, so no one knows his ending.
The younger daughter married Guan Yu's grandson Guan Tong. After the fall of the Shu Han, Guan Yu's family was destroyed by Pang De's son Pang Hui, which is really regrettable.
(Statue of Zhuge Zhan, son of Zhuge Liang)
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the tragedy of the Shu Han's demise</h1>
As we mentioned earlier, Jiang Wei and others actually made other preparations to revive the Han Room, but because someone had revealed the wind, Jiang Wei's plan did not succeed.
Under the frenzied suppression of many Wei troops, Jiang Wei and a few Shu Han soldiers were slaughtered, the crown prince Liu Xuan was killed, and even the families of Jiang Wei and others were also beheaded. After killing these people, Wei Jun was not satisfied.
They vented all their resentment against Jiang Wei on the people of Shudi, and after a series of slaughters and robberies, the entire Shudi became a hell on earth. As recorded in the Zizhi Tongjian, Vol. 78:
"Killing Prince Xuan of Han and Jiang Wei's wife, the army was in a state of disarray." Some of the generals of Wei Ou are determined for a few days. ”
(Statue of Jiang Wei)
And in the process of slaughtering the city, Pound's son Pang Hui also took the opportunity to avenge his father's murder:
"Pang Dezi will follow Zhong, Deng Fa Shu, Shu Break, and destroy the Guan family."
After the slaughter of the city, Wei Wan led the main force to escort Liu Chan and others back to the north. Don't look at Liu Chan was given the title of Duke of Anle after Luoyang, but the so-called "people under the eaves had to bow their heads."
In the face of Sima Zhao's suspicion and humiliation, Liu Chan could only make a look of "happy not thinking about Shu" in order to save his life. As for his children, although they escaped the slaughter of Shudi, they did not escape the Yongjia Rebellion, which was really regrettable.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > supplement</h1>
Finally, we may wish to add another story about Liu Chan. It is said that Liu Chan's nickname is Ah Dou mainly because his mother dreamed that she swallowed the Beidou before she became pregnant.
Therefore, she gave the child such a nickname, and hoped that the child could be like the Big Dipper, and the future light would be clear. Unfortunately, Liu Chan did not end up looking like she expected.
(Lebu Shu drawing)
Later, Shu Han was destroyed at the hands of Liu Chan, and Liu Chan was moved to Luoyang. Then, at a banquet, Sima Zhao invited Liu Chan. Looking at the former lord of a country sitting at the bottom seat, Sima Zhao's heart was actually very satisfied.
At that time, in order to humiliate Liu Chan and others, he also specially ordered his subordinates to play Shuzhong music, and at the same time used song and dance to help entertain. This move caused many Shu Han ministers to be sad, because they thought of the desolate scene of Shu at the time of the fall of the country.
(Le Bu Si Shu drawing - Liu Chan image)
However, Liu Chan's reaction was different from ordinary people, he not only did not see sadness, but also watched the song and dance with great interest. This surprised Sima Zhao, so he simply asked Liu Chan if he wanted Shudi.
To this, Liu Chan replied directly, "Enjoy here, don't think about Shuye." This answer made Shu Han's old minister Hao Zheng very dissatisfied, so he took advantage of the toilet to remind Liu Chandao:
(Le Bu Si Shu stills - Liu Chan image)
If Sima Zhao asks the same question next time, you should remember to look at the top of the palace first, wait for a while and then close your eyes, and then open your eyes and answer like this- "The tomb of the ancestors, far away in Shudi, I haven't missed a day!" ”
At the same time, Hao Zheng also told Liu Chan that in this way, Sima Zhao would let you go back to Shudi. When Liu Chan rebelled, after three rounds of drinking, Sima Zhao asked the same question.
This time, Liu Chan learned what Hao Zheng had taught him and changed his answer. After listening to it, Sima Zhao continued to ask: How does this seem to be what Hao Zheng said? After that, Liu Chan looked very surprised and asked Sima Zhao, "How do you know!" ”
This reaction made Sima Zhao and all the ministers laugh, and sima Zhao gradually relaxed his surveillance of Liu Chan because he felt that Liu Chan was no threat.
(Cover of Lebusi Shu Picture Book)
As for Hao Zheng, who had taught Liu Chan to revise his rhetoric, he attracted Sima Zhao's attention because of this matter, and was later given the title of Marquis of Guannei. During the Tai Dynasty, he was also appointed as the county commander of Anyang County, and Sima Yan, who had already become emperor at that time, even issued an edict praising Hao Zhengdao:
"In the past, he was in Chengdu, but the situation was turbulent, but he was able to uphold morality, not violate the festival of loyalty, and after being appointed, he handled affairs wholeheartedly and had the achievements of governance."
He, an old vassal of the Shu Han Dynasty, lived much more moistly than Liu Chan.
(Portrait of Hao Zheng)