In 2020, the new output value of vehicles driven by intelligence and networking will be about 310 billion yuan, and it is expected to reach 800 billion yuan in 2025. At the same time, the automotive industry's desire for intelligent and connected car talents is also unprecedented. So what is the current status of intelligent and connected car talents? What are the challenges and problems? And how to solve it?
Under the leadership of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Society of Automotive Engineers of China completed the "Intelligent and Connected Vehicle Talent Demand Forecast Report" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report"). The report clarifies the industrial status, talent status and talent supply status of intelligent networked vehicles, predicts the demand for talents in intelligent networked vehicles, analyzes the problems in the quantity and quality of intelligent networked vehicle talents, and puts forward feasible suggestions from the aspects of discipline reform, curriculum setting, industry talent training and talent guarantee system in colleges and universities.
At the 2021 Annual Meeting of the Board of Directors and the China Automotive Talent Summit Forum held on September 29, Zhang Ning, Secretary-General of the Society of Automotive Engineers of China, interpreted the report and summarized her exposition as follows:
Zhang Ning
Research Background:
Intelligent networked car talents have become "just needed" The demand for talents has exploded
The industrial background of this study is that a new round of scientific and technological revolution drives the automobile industry to accelerate change, energy, interconnection, and intelligent revolution inject strong new momentum into the innovation and development of the automobile industry, and keeping up with the changes of the times is the main theme of the development of the automobile industry.
A new round of scientific and technological revolution has spawned profound changes in the automobile industry, the transformation of automotive product structure to "green, low-carbon, intelligent network connection", the integration and innovation of automobile informatization and intelligent technology has become inevitable, the technology of intelligent networked automobile industry will accelerate its development, and the cross-border integration of technology has become the main tone of innovation and development.
What has been brought about by industrial change is that the automotive industry value chain is moving towards "total increase and the center of gravity is shifting backward", the automotive industry ecosystem is moving towards "open source innovation, open integration", and the control of R&D resources by enterprises will also shift from "me-based" to rely more on social resources and cross-border cooperation to achieve the purpose of rapidly responding to rapid changes in the market.
In this context, intelligent networked car talents have become "just needed", and led to the explosive growth of enterprise demand for intelligent networked car talents.
The figure below shows the development path of intelligent and connected vehicle technology in the next 15 years proposed in the "Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicle Technology Roadmap 2.0". The gray part of the figure is the core key technologies that need to be developed in order to achieve the development goals set, and the corresponding talents are needed to develop these technologies. Obviously, the current talent team of automobile companies cannot meet this need, and it needs to be met by introducing cross-border talents or realizing the transformation of existing talents.
In order to make the research report more instructive for the development of the industry, we will position this research work in "doing increments", that is, covering L0-L5 levels, focusing on the three new business modules of the intelligent networked automobile industry: automatic driving, Internet of Vehicles, and intelligent cockpit, mainly focusing on the research and development personnel of the new technology modules of intelligent networked vehicles, including technical researchers, product developers and testers.
Current Situation Analysis:
Mismatch between demand and supply Quantity and quality "double deficiency"
The survey shows that the current R & D personnel in the field of intelligent and connected vehicles show the following characteristics:
From the perspective of academic distribution, bachelor degree or above accounted for more than 93%. Bachelor's degrees pick the beams, and master's degrees are the backbone.
From the perspective of age distribution, the age is mostly 26-40 years old, accounting for nearly 80%, of which 26-30 years old account for 39.1%, 31-40 years old people account for 40.3%.
From the perspective of source distribution, the main sources are social recruitment, school recruitment and internal job transfer. Among them, social recruitment accounted for 41.9%, campus recruitment accounted for 34.9%, internal transfer accounted for 20.5%, and overseas recruitment accounted for 2.7%. Recruitment is the main means of solving the needs of employment. Internal job transfer is an important measure to solve the dilemma of "can't recruit" and "understand cars".
From the perspective of professional background distribution, more than 65% of the company's existing intelligent network R & D personnel have a non-mechanical professional background, of which computer majors have become the highest proportion of majors, accounting for 23.2%; electronic information and automation graduates have gradually become the main force in the intelligent network vehicle R & D personnel in recent years, ranking third and fourth, respectively, while mechanical and material classes are relatively small, only 12.4% and 1.1%, respectively. The survey also found that about 77% of the existing personnel with the same major, there are few professional and technical personnel with professional cross-disciplinary and multidisciplinary backgrounds, and there is an extreme shortage of compound talents who "understand automobiles + understand IT".
From the perspective of job distribution, R&D personnel are mainly concentrated in decision control (18.8%), system design/integration (15.9%), network communication (14.6%), platform operation management (10.8%), cloud basic platform (10.8%), environmental perception (10.2%), security technology (10.1%), etc., and are engaged in big data, artificial intelligence/algorithms, map positioning and standard regulations totaling about 20%.
The above survey results reflect the characteristics of the current talent team in this field with young people as the main body and diverse professional backgrounds, and also reflect the new requirements of enterprises for the knowledge structure of talents in this field. However, at present, the situation faced by enterprises is that it is difficult to find, recruit and retain talents with IT backgrounds, and it is still time to build a well-structured talent echelon.
The report investigates and analyzes four types of graduates who have been employed for three years: one is a mechanical professional background graduate, not engaged in intelligent network-related work; the second is a mechanical professional background graduate, but engaged in intelligent network-related work; the third is an IT professional background graduate (including electronics, computer, control major), engaged in intelligent network-related work; fourth, IT professional background (including electronics, computer, control majors) graduates, in the IT industry.
The survey results show that the salary level of the first type of graduates is < the second type of graduates< the third type of graduates < the fourth type of graduates, that is, if the graduates are engaged in a job that is not related to intelligent networked cars, their salary level is the lowest, while the graduates of electronics, computers, and control majors will receive higher salaries if they are employed in the IT industry. This should be one of the reasons why we can't recruit outstanding IT graduates right now. Even if the favorite talents are recruited, in this field of talent competition in the increasingly fierce environment, enterprises are still facing the problem of IT background professionals are difficult to retain, the turnover rate is high, invisibly increasing the company's labor costs.
The problem faced by enterprises in the field of talent quality is also difficult to use. Due to the great differences between IT product development and automotive product development in terms of way of thinking, working language, and R&D process, it is difficult for engineers with different professional backgrounds to communicate effectively at work. In order to solve the current problems, enterprises have carried out a lot of training, supplementing IT knowledge to mechanical professional background personnel, supplementing vehicle knowledge to IT professional background personnel, but the effect is still waiting for time, and enterprises are often in the dilemma of talent training just achieving little results and leaving.
As of March 2021, a total of 261 colleges and universities in China have vehicle engineering majors and 147 colleges and universities with normal enrollment in automotive service engineering majors. In addition, in 2018, the Ministry of Education newly approved the establishment of new energy vehicle engineering and intelligent vehicle engineering, and 25 universities and 8 universities have set up related majors respectively.
At present, the cultivation of intelligent networked vehicle talents in vehicle engineering majors in colleges and universities is realized through two means: first, the direction of intelligent networked vehicles is set up in the vehicle major, and the second is to adjust the curriculum settings and increase the courses related to intelligent networked vehicles. According to the survey, among the 60 colleges and universities that opened vehicle engineering majors in this survey, 31.7% put forward ideas and plans for the training of intelligent and connected vehicle talents in the future, and 38.3% intended to add intelligent and connected vehicle-related majors or directions in the next three years. Combined, the undergraduate enrollment of vehicle engineering majors and intelligent and connected vehicle majors in these colleges and universities is expected to be 1370 in 2025.
The survey found that the current problems that need to be solved urgently in the construction of the intelligent networked automobile talent training system in colleges and universities include three aspects: one is to build a scientific and reasonable curriculum system; the other is to establish a high-quality teaching team; and the third is to accelerate the construction of corresponding practical training facilities. Especially in terms of the subject system, due to the lack of clarity in the training goals, it is currently in a situation of "independent governance" (as shown in the figure below), and what kind of knowledge should be imparted to students, so that students have such ability and professional quality, still need to be jointly discussed by enterprises and universities.
In order to clarify the future supply of automotive intelligent and connected vehicle talents in other majors, this report analyzes the 17 strong related undergraduate majors involved in the research and development personnel of enterprise intelligent and connected vehicles. The following information was obtained: in 2019, the number of computer science and technology colleges reached 952, and the number of software engineering colleges reached 606; in 2020, the total number of graduates of these majors was 705,000, but the number of people who entered the field of intelligent networked vehicles was only 0.58 million.
The above results show that the problem of insufficient supply of reserve talents for intelligent and connected vehicles is difficult to be effectively solved in the short term, and strengthening the job adaptability, professional ability, learning ability and communication ability of graduates is also an urgent problem to be solved in the training of reserve talents.
Requirements Analysis:
The gap is huge The task of updating the knowledge and abilities of personnel in different positions is arduous
In order to accurately judge the demand for intelligent and connected vehicle talents in the future automotive industry, this research work has established a scientific analysis model, based on factors such as market maturity, technology driving force and policy and regulatory influence, to analyze the total demand for talents in the future and the knowledge structure and ability requirements for talents in different positions.
The analysis shows that it is expected that by 2025, the proportion of intelligent and connected vehicle personnel among enterprise R&D personnel will reach 28.1%, with the maximum demand for 116,000 people, and the total demand for talents in automatic driving modules, intelligent cockpit modules and vehicle networking modules will be 35,000, 43,000 and 50,000 respectively. In 2025, the talent stock is about 72,000 people, and the net talent gap reaches 37,000 people.
The report shows that for different types of personnel such as vehicle architecture engineers, software development engineers, hardware development engineers, data and algorithm engineers, testing and calibration engineers, there are many differences in the demand for their way of thinking, tool methods and knowledge structure, and new requirements are put forward for the training of college reserve talents and the training of enterprise talents, from content to method.
The study also proposes a total of 53 shortage positions for R&D personnel in the field of intelligent networking, and their positions and professional distributions are as follows:
In the face of the above situation, it is necessary to solve the problem of insufficient talents from three channels: social recruitment, job transfer within enterprises and supply of colleges and universities, and it is even more necessary to do a good job in "making up for shortcomings" in talent training and team building through various measures.
Countermeasures:
Government, industry, academia and research work together to accelerate the construction of intelligent and connected vehicle talent team
In order to accelerate the construction of China's intelligent and connected vehicle talent team, the joint efforts of the government, industries, enterprises and universities are needed.
The government focuses on ecology and points the way. Create a good ecological environment conducive to the construction of talent teams, stimulate the growth of talents, and promote the integration of industry and education, and provide more policy guidance in standardizing the flow of talents, increasing the introduction of wisdom and talents, and deepening cooperation between enterprises and universities. The vehicle engineering major will be set up as a cross-cutting first-level discipline, clarify the positioning of the vehicle engineering major and the intelligent vehicle engineering major, and expand the distribution point and enrollment scale of the intelligent networked vehicle related major. Enhance the sense of honor of the manufacturing industry and enhance the attractiveness of the manufacturing industry to all kinds of talents.
The industry should focus on the platform and promote collaboration. Provide a full range of training and special training for shortage positions. Establish an industry talent job sequence and an early warning mechanism for shortage of talents. Improve the talent evaluation mechanism, strengthen the recommendation of talents, and build a platform for industry-education cooperation.
Enterprises should focus on innovation and gathering resources. Constantly explore the innovation of enterprise human resource management concepts, management methods and management methods. Deepen scientific research cooperation with universities, make technological progress in cooperation, and enhance the ability of engineers.
Colleges and universities should focus on the foundation and create the future. Attract more enterprises to participate in teaching activities, discuss training goals with enterprises, and jointly build corresponding topic systems and teaching support conditions. Deepen scientific research and teaching cooperation with enterprises, and improve the level and teaching quality of teachers in cooperation.
Finally, intelligent networked automobile talents have become an indispensable group in the team of automotive talents, in the next period of time, the social demand for talents in this field will still be much higher than other professional fields, including in the vehicle enterprises, parts companies and other industries engaged in intelligent networked vehicle-related work of all kinds of talents.
Therefore, the construction of the intelligent networked automobile talent team is an encounter, but also a protracted war, which requires the joint efforts of enterprises, universities and all aspects of social forces, and also requires us to have greater confidence, patience and perseverance.