Qing, born in the Western Zhou Dynasty, was also known as Qing Shi, Qing Dafu, Qing Xiang, etc. during the Spring and Autumn Period, and was later replaced by the position of prime minister. As the highest position in the princely states in the Spring and Autumn Period, Qing was below the princes and above the courtiers, assisting the princes and controlling hundreds of officials. The secretaries of state of each princely state have different positions, one or two few, and more than ten people. The Secretary of State played a pivotal role in the internal and foreign affairs of the Spring and Autumn Princely States.
Communal office
Qing is from the gong clan office. "Zuo Chuan" Yun: "The Son of Heaven established the country, the princes established their homes, the Qing set up the side room, and the doctor had the Second Sect." This means that from the Son of Heaven to the Qing Dafu, the eldest son is inherited, and the second son is divided. In the princely states, it is also the eldest son who succeeds to the throne, the second son or the son of the son is the prince, the son of the prince is the gongsun, and the family formed by the prince gongsun is the gong clan, which is also called the clan because of the hereditary nature of its identity. Gongzi Gongsun naturally formed the office of the princes, and the public clan and the office were generally merged into one, and the two were both officials of the princely state and part of the office, and there was a certain relative independence.
Things always have their particularity. Among all the princely states of the Spring and Autumn Period, the Jin state was a special case. The Reason why the Jin Dynasty had a public clan but no public office was that in 678 BC, the Quwo Daiyi Incident occurred, and the Xiaozong who was enfeoffed by the Jin Dynasty in Quwo successfully replaced the Great Emperor of Zhou Tianzi who was enfeoffed in the wing, so in order to avoid the emergence of similar forces, the Jin State killed its own gong clan in the form of bloodbath, and then took the form of exile to place the princes in other princely states, so that they could not form a threat to the king.
So, who is the secretary of state? In the official system of the princely states, the most important position is the secretary, and the Gong clan occupies a large number of high-ranking official positions in its hereditary status, generally called the doctor, and only the best of the doctors, the outstanding ones or the powerful princes and princes can serve as the secretary, and can become the rulers of the country and become the ruler. There are generally three kinds of qing positions: one is held by the gong clan office, which is also a tradition, the most significant is the Lu state, Zheng Guo, and Song Guo, all of which are served by the gongzi Gongsun; the second is that it is mainly served by a different surname, and the Jin state has no public office, and many times the Qing positions are all different surnames, such as the Hao clan, the Shi clan, the Zhao clan, the Xian clan, the Wei clan, the Fox clan, etc., all of which are different surnames; the third is the mixed type, the State of Qi is the most representative, and the famous Qing xiang of the State of Qi has Guan Zhong, Bao Shuya, and the Tian clan of Dai Qi.
The strength of the Secretary of State
The monarch gave the secretary of state a fief, and the secretary developed on his own "one acre and three points of land", with a variety of management agencies and private armed forces. Private armed forces were led by the secretary of state in wartime, accompanied by the king, and became an integral part of the state's armed forces. Powerful Qing is called Qiangjia, and the princely states have a number of strong secretaries, such as after the three divisions of the Lu state, the army fell into the hands of the "Three Huans", Lu Zhimeng Xianzi was called "the house of the hundred multipliers", and the Jin Zhiqing was even better, the Hao clan "its rich half office, the family half three armies", Han Xuanzi "Han Fu Qiyi, all into the county". Due to its strong economic and military strength, there was gradually a situation in which the power to go to the office and the government was at home, and there were later three branches of jin and tian daiqi.
Qingqing and Jun
The relationship between Qing and Qing, And between Qing and Jun, was originally clear, but in fact, they formed a delicate triangle of unity and struggle with each other. In the early Spring and Autumn Period, Qing assisted Jun, and in the middle and late period, Qing posed a threat to Jun, and Qing was also a matter of common practice in attacking Jun, elevating the monarchy' power, giving orders, and expelling and abolishing them. The Lile conquest gradually evolved from the Tianzi to the Lile conquest can also be from the Qing, such as the 546 BC Army Assembly, and the participants in the oath are all the princes and secretaries of state. And zhengqing of the hegemonic state of Jin was also able to command the world, such as zhao wu in 541 BC, zhao wu called 11 alliances to Yu Yu, and in 517 BC Zhao martingale summoned 10 countries to ally with Huang Father. After Lu Zhaogong was expelled, the accompanying grand master Zi Jia Qiang once said, "If you establish a king, then there are Qing Shi Dafu and Shou Gui, and Qiang Fu dares to know." Therefore, there is no king in sight, a new king is established, or killed or expelled, and the secretary of state is left to do what he wants. It is precisely because of the transposition of the qing power and the monarchy that the political landscape of the Spring and Autumn period society was greatly changed.
The qing and the secretary of state are even more intrigued, squeezing and suppressing and even pouring fire into the fire and controlling the government of the DPRK. Sanhuan Shi held the lu government, and Qimu took turns to serve as Zheng Guozhengqing. The Jin Dynasty was even more tragic, after Zhao Dun came to power, he expelled the Fox Clan, forced the Jin Jun, the Ping Royal Family, the Ling Gong, and the Li Cheng Gong, and when the Jin Dynasty Duke formed the Zhongxing Clan, the Fan Clan, the Han Clan, the Zhao Clan, the Wei Clan, and the Zhi Clan Liuqing took turns to control the Jin state regime, forming a situation of six secretaries of power that lasted for more than sixty years, and when the Jin Dynasty was established, the secretaries used the monarchy to expel the Fan and Zhongxing clans, and the dictatorship of the Six Qings evolved into the dictatorship of the Four Qings, the four Zhongzhi clans were the strongest, monopolizing the government, and the most arrogant, the Zhi clan first coerced Han and Wei to attack the Zhao clan, and at the time of the survival of the Zhao clan, Han, Wei rebelled against the water and joined forces with the Zhao clan to destroy the Zhi clan. After that, the three families of Han, Zhao, and Wei went their separate ways, occupying all the territory except for the two cities of Jin Gongfu and Quwo, and the three families no longer borrowed the name of Jin Jun, who instead wanted to meet the three families, and the Shiqing clique controlled the politics of the Jin state. Another example is the State of Qi, whose Shiqing was first guo and gao er, and later Cui, Qing, Luan, and Gao successively ruled, and the struggle between them was fierce, and the Tian clan with different surnames took the opportunity to rise up, from the beginning of Huanzi to Ju Zhengqing, until Tian Chengzi killed the Duke jian and replaced Qi.
Out will be in phase
The main business of the Secretary of State is to govern the country, that is, to govern the country, and many famous Xiangzheng Qing were born in the Spring and Autumn Princely States. The names of the secretaries of state are not the same in different countries, and their official positions are roughly divided into three categories, one is situ, sima, sikong, and sikou, the second is the taishi, shaoshi, and taifu categories, the third is zhu, zong, bu, and history, and the fourth is the management of affairs of all walks of life. In wartime, some secretaries served as generals and commanded operations. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the armies of various countries were divided into three armies, the main elite army was the Chinese army, commanded by the prince, and the other two armies were led by Qing.
Only the Jin state had its own system, constantly reforming the military system and expanding its organization, expanding from the first army to the second army when the Jin Dynasty was dedicated, and the Jin Wengong was expanded to the third army, and later expanded to the fifth army. At the same time, the reform was reformed by the monarch to command the Chinese army and the Commander of the Chinese Army as the commander of the three armed forces. The three armies of the Jin Dynasty are in turn the relationship of subordination, and each army has a general and a subordinate, which is the relationship between the main and vice presidents, a total of six, all of whom are called secretaries. The Chinese general is also known as the commander of the Chinese army and the secretary of state, and is the head of the secretaries of state and the commander of the three armed forces. Due to the implementation of the military-government integration system in the Jin Dynasty, zhengqing came and went in, integrating military and political power. Jin Guoqing has the most, the "bench thickness" is strong, and almost any secretary can enter and exit, which shows why the hegemony of Jinguo has lasted the longest.