Lesson Assignment 2 Toward "Great Unification" of Qin and Han Politics
1. Multiple choice questions
1． After the unification of the Qin Dynasty, a well-connected transportation network centered on Xianyang was built, with both a "straight road" to Jiuyuan and a "new road" to climb the Five Ridges, thus closely linking all parts of the country. The purpose of this practice of the Qin Dynasty was ( )
A． Unifying National Ideology and Culture B. Guarantee the supremacy of imperial power
C． Strengthening centralization D. Promote economic development
Analysis: Combined with the knowledge learned, it can be seen that Qin Shi Huang strengthened the control of the central government over the local area through the measures of unifying the tracks and repairing the road, and the C option is in line with the meaning of the topic. Qin Shi Huang unified the ideological culture of the whole country through the measure of "burning books and pit Confucianism", and option A was excluded. The emperor system and the three princes and nine secretaries system guarantee the exclusive dignity of the imperial power, and option B is excluded. The promotion of economic development is the result of this measure, not the purpose, which option D excludes.
Answer: C
2． In 221 BC, the Qin Dynasty completed the first political unification in Chinese history. In another historical time statement, this incident occurred in ( )
A． Early 3rd century BC B. Late 3rd century BC
C． Early 2nd century BC D. Late 2nd century BC
Analysis: Combined with the knowledge learned, it can be seen that 221 BC is in the late 3rd century BC, so item B is correct; the early 3rd century BC is roughly in 299 BC to 250 BC, so item A is wrong; the early 2nd century BC is roughly in 199 BC to 150 BC, so item C is wrong; the late 2nd century BC is roughly in 150 BC to 100 BC, so item D is wrong.
Answer: B
3． "Qin Chengzhou system, self-proclaimed three emperors and five emperors, so with the name (emperor)" This indicates that Qin Shi Huang founded the "emperor system" ( )
A． Designed to strengthen the supremacy of the monarch
B． It continued the political system in the last years of the Zhou Dynasty
C． It is to show the great achievements of the individual
D． It was intended to correct the shortcomings of the decline of the monarchy
Analysis: This question examines the emperor system. According to the material "Virtue and Three Emperors, GongBao Five Emperors", it can be seen that qin shi huang founded the emperor system to publicize personal merits, so the C option is correct. Option A is wrong, the material reflects that Qin Shi Huang used the title of emperor to promote his merits, and does not reflect its purpose to strengthen the supreme power of the monarch; option B is wrong, the Zhou Dynasty did not implement the emperor system, and the emperor system of the Qin Dynasty was not inherited from the Zhou Dynasty; D option is wrong, the material does not reflect Qin Shi Huang's correction of the decline of royal power.
4． Some scholars believe that the county governments of the Qin Dynasty were central, and the central command of counties and counties was like "yun zhu palm". The following statement is in line with the original meaning of the material is ( )
A． The county institutions were modeled after the central official system of the Qin Dynasty
B． The county system has always adapted to the needs of feudal state governance
C． The county system allows the central government to administer the localities vertically
D． The county system has completely eradicated the hidden danger of local division
Analysis: The material "the central command of counties and counties such as 'transporting the palms'" means that the central government can flexibly and freely command the localities, that is, the central government can manage the places vertically, so item C is in line with the meaning of the topic; the county system is a local official system, so item A is wrong; sometimes the feudal state briefly implements the sub-feudal system in order to govern, and the county system always meets the needs of the feudal state governance and does not meet the original meaning of the material, so item B is wrong; item D is wrong, and the county system cannot completely eradicate local divisions.
5． After the abolition of the sub-feudal system and the implementation of the county system, the Qin Dynasty ( )
A． County governors were appointed and dismissed directly by the emperor
B． Local administrators were hereditary among the nobility
C． Family power controls local power
D． There are no grass-roots organizations below the county level
Analysis: Under the county system of the Qin Dynasty, the county chiefs were directly appointed and dismissed by the emperor and could not be hereditary. Therefore, the answer is item A. Item B, the nobles can serve as local governors in the Qin Dynasty, but they must be appointed by the emperor rather than hereditary, excluded; item C, the local officials of the Qin Dynasty are directly appointed and dismissed by the central government, and cannot be hereditary, which is not conducive to the control of local political power by family forces, excluded; item D, the Qin Dynasty also has grass-roots organizations such as townships and villages below the county, excluding.
Answer: A
6． If there is a high-ranking government official of the Qin Dynasty, he is particularly busy with his daily work, in addition to summarizing and sorting out the ministers' chapters, he also has to conduct secret visits and investigations of some officials who violate the law and discipline. Then, this senior government official should be ( )
A． Minister B. Doctor Goshi
C． Lieutenant D. Sheriff
Analysis: According to the "secret visits and investigations of some officials who violated the law and discipline", it can be seen that the official is in charge of the supervision agency, and the imperial historian exercises the duties of supervising hundreds of officials, so item B is correct.
7． Historian Qian Mu believes: "The county system since the Qin and Han Dynasties still exists in the Republic of China era. China's eternal unity of the country, this political system has contributed a great deal to its performance. "The county system can play this role because ( )
A． County officials are appointed and dismissed by the central government B. Local administrative efficiency has been improved
C． Ability to eliminate local divisions D. The integrity of the bureaucracy is guaranteed
Analysis: The material emphasizes the role of the county system in maintaining China's unity, and the reason why the county system can play this role is because under this system the central government controls the appointment and dismissal of officials, so item A is correct; item B is to strengthen the influence of centralization, which is inconsistent with the meaning of the topic and is excluded; the "elimination" of item C exaggerates its role, and there have been many local divisions in China, so item C is wrong; item D is the role of the supervision system, so item D is wrong.
8． The fundamental motive and purpose of implementing the county system is to collect all kinds of local powers as much as possible, not to prevent them from forming a trend of invincibility, and to accumulate energy that threatens the central government and splits and unifies the country. This mainly leads to ( )
A． Emphasis is placed on economic development over political stability
B． Valuing kinship over talent and virtue
C． Emphasis is placed on centralization and neglect of decentralization
D． Attach importance to national unity and neglect national development
Analysis: The material reflects the measures to strengthen the centralization of power with absolute monarchy as the core, which brings certain drawbacks, that is, to a certain extent, it is not conducive to local decentralization and is not conducive to the development of local social economy, so item C is correct; confiscation of local power is to strengthen the needs of centralized power and stable political rule, item A is wrong; the material reflects the relationship between the central and local governments, does not involve attaching importance to blood relations and ignoring the information of talent and morality, excluding item B; the material reflects the relationship between the central and local governments. There is no information on ignoring national development, excluding item D.
9． In the "Three Dukes and Nine Secretaries" of the Qin Dynasty, Feng Chang was in charge of the ceremonies of the Zong Temple, Lang Zhong was in charge of the palace guards, shaofu was responsible for royal finance and official handicrafts, and Zong Zheng was responsible for royal clan affairs. This reflects the essence of the ancient Chinese form of government as ( )
A． Detailed duties, each responsible for its own responsibilities B. Meritocracy is the only thing that can be used
C． Turning the country into a home, imperial power is supreme D. There are many officials and complicated government affairs
Analysis: Some of the positions in the "Three Princes and Nine Secretaries" of the Qin Dynasty were specially designed to serve the royal affairs, that is, the royal affairs were treated equally with the state affairs, reflecting the essence of the ancient Chinese political system was to turn the country into a home, and the imperial power was supreme, so the answer was item C. The material reflects the relationship between these positions and the royal family, and item A does not conform to the main purpose of the material and is excluded; the material does not involve the way these officials are produced, excluding item B; item D material does not reflect and excludes.
10． The fundamental feature of the feudal autocratic centralized system established by Qin Shi Huang is ( )
A． High concentration of power B. The supreme ruler is called the emperor
C． The local implementation of the county system D. The central government set up "three dukes" and "nine secretaries"
Analysis: Combined with the knowledge learned, it can be seen that Qin Shi Huang established the feudal autocratic centralized system, and its fundamental feature is the high concentration of monarchical power, so item A is correct; the supreme ruler of the Qin Dynasty is called the emperor, but this is not the fundamental feature of the feudal autocratic centralized system, so item B is excluded; the Qin Dynasty local implementation of the county system, which belongs to the local system of the Qin Dynasty, is not a fundamental feature, so item C is excluded; the central government set up "three dukes" and "nine secretaries", which belong to the central official system, not a fundamental feature, so item D is excluded.
11． The emperor mainly controlled the operation of the entire state apparatus through the form of ceremonies and court discussions. Officials of the Qin Dynasty who participated in the imperial council did not include ( )
C． Jiuqing D. Sheriff
Analysis: The Qin Dynasty implemented the system of three dukes and nine secretaries, the three dukes were the chancellor, the taiwei and the imperial historian, the imperial court deliberations took the form of the imperial deliberations, the central officials participated in the imperial deliberations, the county shou belonged to the local officials of the Qin Dynasty, and did not participate in the central government's imperial deliberations, so item D was wrong, in line with the meaning of the topic, items A, B and C all belonged to the officials of the imperial council, excluded.
Answer: D
12． Dynastic deliberations are an important part of China's ancient political system, and there are differences between court deliberations and collective deliberations. When there was a controversy, the emperor chose one of the many controversies, which was for the court; the emperor was not present, but "lowered his discussion" to the hundred officials, and finally summarized with the emperor, for the assembly. Korean Deliberation System ( )
A． Easy for the Emperor to brainstorm B. It is easy to create the dictatorship of the powerful
C． It is the product of the decline of monarchy D. Marks the establishment of the monarchy
Analysis: "There is a controversy when the dynasty is discussed, the emperor chooses one opinion from many controversies, which is for the court; the emperor is not present, but 'lowers his discussion' to the hundred officials, and finally summarizes it in the emperor, which is for the assembly", which shows that the court discussion system is conducive to the emperor's brainstorming, so item A is correct; this process strengthens the scientific and feasible decision-making, and finally the emperor's general decision-making is conducive to strengthening the monarchy, and it is not easy to cause the dictatorship of the courtiers, so B and C are two mistakes; the court deliberation system is a manifestation of the imperial autocracy, and has nothing to do with the establishment of the monarchy. Therefore, item D is wrong.
2. Non-multiple-choice questions
13． Read the following materials to answer questions.
Material 1 Qin Shi Huang was sued by the people of the Qin Dynasty.
Material 2 The following is a schematic diagram of the centralized power system established by the Qin Dynasty
Materials of the three counties of the system, hanging for two thousand years and the Capital can be changed, the ancient and modern are safe... The Six Kingdoms Ear of the Destroyer of Qin is not the seal of the Three Dynasties of Annihilation. Then the division is a county, the division is a county, and the people who can be long-lived are all residents, so as to make the best of their talents... For the sake of the world, [profit] [then] is not as harmful as feudal nourishment. ——Wang Fuzhi's "Reading through the Theory of Qin Shi Huang"
The loss of the county is exclusively on it. ...... The kings of today, within the four seas, are not enough for our counties and counties, and everyone is suspicious of them, and everything is controlled...
——Gu Yanwu's "Theory of Counties"
(1) Please write a defense for the defendant Qin Shi Huang or a complaint for the plaintiff Qin Dynasty people.
(2) According to the schematic diagram, summarize the direction of the concentration of power under the centralized system of the Qin Dynasty.
(3) According to the third material, wang fuzhi and Gu Yanwu's views on the county system are summarized respectively. Combined with the knowledge learned, the positive role of the county system in the historical development of China is briefly described.
Analysis: The first (1) question actually examines the ability to evaluate Qin Shi Huang. As we all know, Qin Shi Huang was an emperor who made great contributions and made great influences on the history of our country, but he was also a feudal emperor who ruled brutally. Therefore, in answering this question, we should grasp the historical facts of Qin Shi Huang's achievements. The plaintiff's reasons should answer Qin Shi Huang's brutal rule, and the defendant's reasons should answer Qin Shi Huang's exploits. Question (2), pay attention to the direction of the illustrated arrow, it is not difficult to conclude that under the centralized system, power is concentrated from the local to the central, and then concentrated in the hands of the emperor. The first question (3) is a matter of careful interpretation of material three, finding out the two people's different understandings of the county system, and then summarizing and summarizing; the second question is considered from the aspects of the county system on political stability, national unity, and the impact of the county system on political stability, national unity, and the use of successive dynasties.
Answer: (1) Answer 1: Qin Shi Huang's defense: The unification of the Six Kingdoms, the attack on the Xiongnu in the north, and the conquest of Baiyue in the south, which opened up the territory; the construction of the Great Wall and the construction of the Chi Dao; the implementation of the system of three dukes and nine secretaries in the central government, the implementation of the county system in the localities, and the establishment of a centralized power system; the situation of "great unification" created by The Transformation laid the foundation for the formation of a unified multi-ethnic state in China. He is an emperor of the ages. Answer two: The complaint of the people of the Qin Dynasty: You built the Great Wall, built mausoleums, and servitude was heavy; your criminal law was cruel and your taxes were heavy; you burned books to pit Confucianism, suppressed thought, and destroyed culture. You are a tyrant.
(2) Local power is concentrated in the central government; central power is concentrated in the emperor; and the emperor eventually controls all the power in the country.
(3) Wang Fuzhi: From the perspective of the state, the county system is not as harmful as the sub-sealing system. Gu Yanwu: The flaw in the county system lies in the absolute monarchy. Positive effect: The county system is conducive to the vertical management of the central government to the localities, and is conducive to the unification and stability of the country, and its system has been used by successive dynasties.
14． Read the following materials to answer questions.
The article "China Shock" in the First Article of materials wen wei po said: "The 'land-splitting feudalism' of the Western Zhou Dynasty was a family world that adopted the method of clan colonization, and the children of the royal family monopolized political power, and there was a relationship of 'authorization' and 'loyalty' between the king of Zhou and the princes. ”
Material 2 Li Si discussed: "Zhou Wenwu's sons and daughters have the same surname, and then they are estranged, attacking each other like Qiu Yan, and the princes are even more condemned, and Zhou Tianzi can forbid it." ”
- "History of The First Emperor of Qin"
Material 3 The Qin people let the intellect be self-righteous, collect all the ways to be selfish, dare to change the Dafa of the Hundred Saints, speed up their lives, and transport the infinite calamities of the world with the legacy of the people, and the sins of Zu Long (Qin Shi Huang) are all in heaven!
——[Qing] Yan Yuan's "Xi Zhai Four Cun Compilation"
(1) According to the materials combined with the knowledge learned, analyze what kind of system does "split land feudalism" refer to? What is the specific embodiment of "authorization" and "loyalty"? What are the positive effects?
(2) According to material two, summarize Lis's point of view. Combined with what he had learned, what political system of Qin was indicated to embody his views?
(3) According to the third material, analyze the reasons for Qing Yan yuan's opposition to the county system.
(4) Combined with the knowledge learned, point out the reasons for the large difference in the views of the sub-sealing system and the county system in the above materials.
Answer: (1) System: Sub-sealing system.
Embodiment: The King of Zhou granted land to the princes, and the princes paid tribute to the Zhou Dynasty, Paid Tribute to the Zhou Dynasty, and guarded the Zhou Royal Family.
Positive effects: (1) Expanded the territory and consolidated the rule.
(2) Established the status of the co-lord of the Zhou King.
(2) Li Si believes that with the estrangement of blood relations, the sub-sealing system cannot operate effectively. County system.
(3) Yan Yuan believes that the county system is a means for the monarch to realize the selfish world.
(4) The background of the times; the perspective of looking at problems; personal knowledge and cultivation.