Zhang Shuyin Martyrs Martyrs Monument
A stone tablet, a name, awakened a red memory. Xinmi's first Communist Party member, "Mr. Xinfu", was assassinated at the age of 28, and his martyrdom monument actually had the inscription of Cai Tingkai, a Kuomintang politician. Who is this "Mr. Letter" and what kind of thrilling story does he have?
Feng Jiu | © Written
"Mr. Xinfu" on the stone stele, the first Communist Party member of Xinmi
By chance, the staff responsible for the protection and transformation of the old city of Xinmi found Zhang Shuyin's martyrdom monument in the treasured inscription of Mixian County.
On the stone stele, the handwriting of "Commemoration of the Martyrdom of Mr. Xinfu" can be faintly seen, as well as the inscription of the Kuomintang political leader Cai Tingkai that "the spirit is long". The mottled handwriting confirms the vicissitudes of time, and after cleaning, the staff has expanded the inscription, which completely records the martyrdom of "Mr. Letter".
"Mr. LetterMan" is Zhang Shuyin.
Former residence of Zhang Shuyin
On October 1, 1902, Zhang Shuyin was born to a poor peasant family in Evolution Village (also known as Shantouwan Village) in Dakui Town, Xinmi (formerly known as Mi County), and he was greeted by a poor life and dark social reality.
His father made ends meet by pushing coal and selling coal, and when he was very young, he had to do heavy farm work and taste the sufferings of the world. However, he was not overwhelmed by suffering, and in 1916, zhang Shuyin, who was smart and studious, was admitted to the Mixian Higher Primary School with excellent results.
In addition to studying, he did not spare any newspapers and magazines, and he had important affairs in his home and country. He often encouraged himself with Yue Fei's "Man Jiang Hong" and Wen Tianxiang's "Song of Righteous Qi", and he also liked to tell his friends the story of the Three Kingdoms and the Water Margin, hoping that he could become a "big hero" in the story.
Hearing that Yuan Shikai stole the fruits of the revolution and acknowledged the "Twenty-one Articles" of losing power and humiliating the country, the teenager Zhang Shuyin was heartbroken and deeply felt the country's internal and external troubles. Then, in 1919, the "May Fourth" Movement swept the country, and he was admitted to the Kaifeng Provincial Class A Commercial School.
In Kaifeng City at that time, patriotic actions such as student parades, workers' strikes, and street speeches were staged every day, and Zhang Shuyin was deeply infected by the patriotic upsurge of the "May Fourth" and his thinking was greatly shaken.
He read the works of Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Lu Xun and others extensively, as well as progressive publications such as New Youth and Guide.
Zhang Shuyin in his youth
Superhuman talent and ideal of serving the country and saving the people made Zhang Shuyin soon become a student leader, was elected president of the Yuxi Student Union, and participated in the spirit of the "May Fourth Movement", in the process, he became acquainted with Deng Enming, a major representative of the CPC.
In 1921, when he heard about the founding of the Communist Party of China, he showed great longing at the same time and set out for Jinan to visit Deng Enming. The former revolutionary friendship and common ideals, the two hit it off, and the next year, Zhang Shuyin secretly joined the Communist Party of China under the introduction of Deng Enming, becoming the first Communist Party member of Xinmi.
Then, he led the people of Mixian County to participate in the Beijing-Hankou railway strike.
In February 1923, Zhang Shuyin received a notice from a higher-level party organization that he had organized dozens of Mixian peasants to rush to Zhengzhou overnight to support the February 7th Strike and participate in the demonstration of the first road.
In 6 years, 1 school became 320
Zhang Shuyin was not only one of the leaders of the early revolution in Mixian County, but also the founder of modern education in Mixian County.
At that time, in Mixian County, men had long braids and women wrapped their small feet, and their education was extremely backward.
There is only one higher primary school and one junior teacher training school in the county, the rich people hire private schools, and the poor people have no money to go to school. The magnates open their mouths to be "Zi Yue Shi Yun" and "Zhi Zhi Zhi Ye", while the poor people are illiterate.
After the old private school was destroyed during the movement, no one studied. Zhang Shuyin deeply felt the importance of talent, and he believed that the purpose of the revolution is not only to destroy, but also to build, to cultivate talent, and to run education.
After graduating from kaifeng commercial school, Zhang Shuyin returned to his hometown and began to vigorously develop civilian education.
In 1923, Deng Enming opened a workers' night school in Jinan, and Zhang Shuyin was greatly encouraged and also had an example to learn from.
In 1924, Zhang Shuyin founded the Association for the Promotion of Civilian Education in Mixian County, and in order to educate the commoners, he traveled to almost all villages and mobilized peasants to learn cultural knowledge from house to house.
In his view, education is evolution, and under the influence of Yan Fu's "Theory of Evolution", he renamed Shantouwan Village as Evolution Village.
The confiscation of the temple, the provision of houses by enlightened people, and the income from the 80 acres of cemetery donated by the Zhang family, the Evolution Village Primary School and the Peasants' Night School were established.
He stipulates that school-age children are required to attend school, that children of the poor are enrolled free of charge, that women work in the morning and go to school in the afternoon, and that men work during the day and go to school at night.
He also wrote teaching materials and organized propaganda teams to publicize the benefits of cutting braids and putting feet on their feet.
In 1930, the number of schools in the county reached 320, with more than 8,000 students.
A large number of new schools were born during this period, such as the prefectural first primary school, the prefectural junior high school, the mixian first vocational school, the second vocational school and so on.
From only one school to school everywhere, Zhang Shuyin took only 6 years.
In such turbulent times, Zhang Shuyin did his best to use education to support the revolution in Mixian County, and practiced his ideals all the time.
He was imprisoned several times and martyred at the age of 28
In the struggle against the reactionary forces, Zhang Shuyin not only conducted education and propaganda, but he also actively organized a contingent to fight local tycoons and inferior gentry, without the slightest fear.
In 1925, the Mixian County Committee of the Communist Party of China was established, and the party's activities shifted from underground to open. Under the leadership of Zhang Shuyin, the Evolution Village Peasant Self-Defense Army was established. This is a very combative team.
In the winter of the same year, Li Dazhao sent underground party members to engage in underground activities in Zheng Xingmi, Dai Peiyuan was arrested, Wang Ruofei ordered Zhang Shuyin to send peasant self-defense troops to rescue, and Yin Guangming, an organization member of MiXian County, took 70 or 80 people to Zhengzhou Shuimohe and successfully rescued Dai Peiyuan.
Communist Party member Yin Guangming took a group photo with the family of martyr Zhang Shuyin
During the period of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Feng Yuxiang held a henan provincial party affairs training class in Kaifeng, and Zhang Shuyin actively signed up to participate and join the Kuomintang. Soon, he returned to Mixian County to prepare for the establishment of the Kuomintang county party department and carry out the revolutionary struggle in a legal capacity.
Immediately afterward, he quickly organized revolutionary groups such as peasant associations to declare war on the feudal forces and local tycoons and inferior gentry, and the first to strike was Wang Hongzhan.
This person studied in Japan, served as a staff officer of the Compilation Bureau of the Beiyang Government's Military Participation In the War, and in 1924 he was appointed as the general of the Twenty Bao Regiment, dominating one side, oppressing the people, and occupying 800 acres of Nanquan Temple, and the people of Mixian County were deeply affected by it.
In the spring of 1927, Zhang Shuyin led more than 5,000 people in the Mixian Peasant Self-Defense Army, mobilized more than 1,000 members of the Xinzheng and Zhongmu Peasant Associations, and a battalion of Ji Hongchang's department to surround Wang Hongzhan in Wanggou Village, and severely dealt a blow to the arrogance of the local tycoons and inferior gentry, and from then on, Wang Hongzhan absconded for many years.
In the same year, against the background of the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup in Nanjing, Zhang Shuyin and Fan Baichuan successively defected liu yuan, Zhang Guowei, Chen Tianxu, Xu Dequan, and other reactionary county governors, effectively curbing the expansion of reactionary forces.
But at the same time, Zhang Shuyin was also listed as a thorn in the eye by the reactionary forces. In November 1927, his father sent his daughter-in-law into the city, but was captured by reactionary forces and smashed to death in Dengfenghua Stone.
In May 1928, Zhang Shuyin was falsely accused by the Kuomintang county magistrate, arrested and imprisoned, and then rescued by the Communist Party and intervened by the Kuomintang commander Ji Hongchang, before being released, but not long after, in the spring of 1929, Zhang Shuyin was falsely accused by the landlord Hao Gentry, imprisoned again, and rescued by the Communist Party.
In 1930, the Central Plains War broke out, and Zhang Shuyin actively organized a mutiny under the instructions of the party. At that time, MiXian was occupied by Liu Mao'en.
Liu Mao'en was a subordinate of Feng Yuxiang, defected to Chiang Kai-shek after rebelling against Feng, was ordered to occupy Mixian County, and after being stationed, he set up his headquarters at the Junyang Academy, and one day in August, Liu Mao'en invited local leaders, including Zhang Shuyin, to a dinner party.
At the banquet, Liu Mao'en coerced Anderson to induce Zhang Shuyin to cooperate with him, and also proposed to let Zhang Shuyin serve as his chief of staff, but Zhang Shuyin refused, and finally Zhang Shuyin left the table with his sleeves up, and as a result, he just left the gate of the academy and was assassinated without going far.
Zhang Shuyin Tomb
He was slashed in the face and two in the back of the head, and after being killed, the enemy threw his body into an ancient well behind the academy. The next day, his body was salvaged and a transfer order was found in his pocket, and his superiors ordered him to serve as the director of the political department of Ji Hongchang's troops.
Unfortunately, Zhuangzhi died before he was paid, and he was only 28 years old when he died.
In 1931, the Mixian government established the Monument Pavilion for the Martyrdom of Zhang Shuyin, and more than 30 people, including Kuomintang military and political leaders Chen Lifu, Li Jichen, Feng Yuxiang, Li Zongren, Zhang Zhizhong, and Yu Youren, praised him.
Although later, the stele pavilion was demolished and the stone stele was scattered, Zhang Shuyin's name was forever inscribed in the long river of history.
(Image from the Internet)