This article is the exclusive original manuscript of Shishi Shishi and is strictly prohibited from being reproduced without authorization
Author: Gao Cheng'er
Lu Xun Lu Xun, surname Lu Mingxun, Is a native of Zhoushu, Zhejiang. In today's Scenic Area of Lu Xun's Hometown in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, there is the Lu Xun Memorial Hall with rich exhibits, as well as the Baicao Garden and Sanwei Book House, which are well known to generations. Since ancient times, there has been a gathering of humanities here, huiji mountain buried water hero Dayu, near the Lanting buried the master of psychology Wang Yangming, jianhu heroine Qiu Jin's residence, Lu You's inscription "Chaotou Phoenix" Shen family garden, are not far from zhou shuren's hometown.
Shaoxing is the place where Lu Xun was born. In another city in the "Baoyou District": the magic capital of Shanghai, there is also Lu Xun's former residence, and there is also Lu Xun Memorial Hall, which is in Hongkou Park, the last burial place of Lu Xun. On October 19, 1936, on Shanyin Road, just one street away, Mr. Lu Xun passed away forever. He was originally buried in the Cemetery of Nations, which is today's Soong Ching Ling Mausoleum, and the coffin was moved to Hongkou Park in 1956 and renamed Lu Xun Park in 1988. If you visit the Soong Ching Ling Cemetery, you can see the sign of Mr. Lu Xun's first burial place, as well as the joint burial tomb of Uchiyama and his wife Uchiyama Mikiko, the bookstore opened by the couple is very close to Hongkou Park and Lu Xun's former residence, which is a place frequented by Lu Xun in his later years, and related content is not uncommon in diaries and memoirs.
After graduating from college students, they often regard "beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen" as the preferred city for employment, for Lu Xun a hundred years ago, he actually worked in the first three cities, and finally in 1927, he took his wife Xu Guangping to Shanghai to develop, spending the last nine years of his life. Why did Lu Xun choose Shanghai? In his works and speeches, he has expressed his negative evaluation of the magic capital many times. For example, Shanghai is a snobbish district, Shanghai's literary circles are not clean, Shanghai is difficult to live by pen and ink, it is difficult to live in Shanghai for a long time, the eyes of Shanghai are urbanized, Shanghai's small citizens are dimwitted and confused, Shanghai is a dirty district, and so on. Of course, he also understands that this is the case in Shanghai, and why is it not the case in other places? This is just a microcosm of old China. Moreover, many of the behaviors he is not accustomed to are not all done by Shanghai natives, "the bad breeds everywhere have come to Shanghai to do evil, so Shanghai has become a lewd place."
Whether it was in the early days of arriving in Shanghai, or after living in Shanghai for a few years, Lu Xun wanted to escape from the "north, Shanghai and Guangzhou" never gave up, in 1927, he said: "Or to leave Shanghai is difficult to say" "still intend to live temporarily", the furniture purchased in the apartment is also very simple, that is, the bed, table or something, giving people the feeling that it is about to be moved away, not long. In 1932, during the Songhu War of Resistance, Lu Xun's residence was diagonally opposite the Japanese Navy Special Marine Corps Headquarters, in the face of the threat of bullets and bullets, he had to leave the apartment for refuge, at this time he once again had the idea of "escaping" Shanghai and ending Shanghai drift. "The translation is: If the rented house is destroyed by war, I will lead my wife and children north and not live in Shanghai!" As a result, the apartment did not suffer a devastating blow, but was shot a few times, breaking a few pieces of glass, which belonged to "skin trauma", Lu Xun temporarily dispelled this idea and continued his "Shanghai drift" life.
In the 21st century, many magic cookers have similar ideas, that is, to leave the city, return to their hometown or go to other places to develop. Every year, Hongqiao Railway Station and Pudong International Airport witness how many guests come in and out of other places. But there are also a considerable number of people who are confused, entangled, hesitant, wandering, and have never made up their minds to turn leaving the magic capital into practical actions, just like Lu Xun in those days. Why did you want to go and not go? Because each has its own benefits.
Second- and third-tier cities have low income levels, limited development space, few employment opportunities, and less convenient transportation than Shanghai, but the cost of living and work pressure are better than those of Modu. Working hard in Shanghai, the rent is more expensive, and if you want to buy a house, you have to spend "six wallets" for a down payment, and it is not even enough. Cities that cannot take root, hometowns that cannot be returned, are the true portrayal of many people. Lu Xun had also considered other places, such as Beijing, Qingdao, Moganshan, Yantai, and even Nagasaki in Japan. In the end, they were ruled out for various reasons, such as Qingdao is too small to be satisfied; Yantai is too fast to change climate and is not satisfied. Compared with the coming, "it is really difficult to come up with the appropriate place", the short man picked a tall one, and finally chose the less than satisfactory Shanghai.
For outsiders, Shanghai's attraction mainly lies in its economic strength and development platform, and the same is true for Lu Xun. In the nine years of the magic capital, especially in the middle and late period, Lu Xun engaged in the occupation of freelance writer, relying on royalties and writing fees to survive, maintaining the livelihood of a family of three, and sometimes subsidizing his brother Zhou Jianren, once he gave his brother more than 900 yuan of manuscript fees given to him by the Commercial Press, to know that ordinary industrial workers, a month's income is about fifteen yuan. In the past years, Lu Xun used to be a teacher in universities, such as Sun Yat-sen University, but after arriving in Shanghai, Lu Xun did not think of teaching in schools again, because he saw too many intrigues in the ivory tower and did not want to be arranged by his superiors every day. While teaching and writing, Lu Xun also considered, but he believed that the two were contradictory and could not be taken into account at all, because one master "moved" and one master "jing", if the two things were done together, then teaching and educating people and writing articles could not be done well.
Since he chose the path of freelance writer, there must be a large number of media willing to publish his books, publish his articles, and pay a certain amount of remuneration. Shanghai is the cultural center of China, with many newspapers and periodicals, many publishing houses, which can meet the needs of Lu Xun, if he lives in the present, he must be a big writer on platforms such as WeChat and Today's Headlines, with tens of millions of fans. Lu Xun's articles are of high quality, strongly critical, to the point, deeply loved by the masses, and sold well, as can be seen from the fact that when he came out of the funeral, newspaper boys, ordinary young people, and workers voluntarily joined the team and sent them off. The key to running newspapers, magazines, and publishing books is to get the recognition of readers and sell them in order to obtain income. Lu Xun brought them economic benefits, and the remuneration would naturally not be low.
In 1933, Lu Xun's articles were published in the "Half Moon Talk" column of the "Declaration", and the average remuneration price of each manuscript was 6 yuan. Is this high or low? It should be known that the monthly income of the rickshaw drivers on the streets of Shanghai at that time was 10 yuan, that is to say, Lu Xun wrote two articles in the "Declaration", which was equivalent to the income of the coachman who worked hard for a month. If you compare with workers, the income gap between workers is relatively large, there are skills and unskilled, male workers and female workers, there are differences between different industries. Professor Chen Da wrote in the article "Wages and Real Income of Shanghai Workers (1930-1946)": In 1933, the monthly income of shipbuilders was 47.6 yuan, which was very high; the income of match workers and cotton spinning workers was relatively low, only 7.9 yuan and 9.3 yuan per month, respectively, which was only slightly more than the income brought by Lu Xun's writing of a thousand-word article. From 1927 to 1936, Lu Xun's average monthly income was between six and seven hundred yuan, and ordinary people were simply out of reach compared with him. Only in a big city like Shanghai can there be so many newspapers and periodicals that lu Xun is paid a rich writing income.
The reason why Shanghai attracted Lu Xun also lies in the vastness of the audience and the improvement of influence. What is written must be read and understood, and of course illiterate people have no interest, and they must have a certain cultural foundation. We contact Lu Xun articles in the classroom, the earliest is in junior high school, high school and even college, common words are basically recognized, there is also a certain historical and cultural knowledge, under normal circumstances, will not show lu xun articles to primary school students in the first and second grades, because they can not understand. Shanghai has a developed economy and a high level of education, and compared with the general region, there is definitely much less illiteracy. The service objects of Lu Xun's works must at least be educated and have excess income, and if even survival is a problem, they will not think about buying newspapers and books. Where are the most such people? During the Republic of China period, it was undoubtedly a big city. Therefore, well-known literati such as Mao Dun and Ye Shengtao also came to Shanghai, Beijing and other places to create, and have zero-distance contact with potential readers, and there are many sculptures and former residences on Duolun Road in Hongkou District today, just to commemorate these people. The existence of friends in the circle and the activity of the literary world are also the driving force for Lu Xun to choose Shanghai, and it is not the joy of life to support each other and fight side by side with friends.
There is another important reason why Lu Xun lived in Shanghai for a long time: the concession. In the nine years of living in Shanghai, Lu Xun rented a house three times, the first time in Jingyunli, the second time in Ramos Apartment, and the third time in Mainland New Village. The distance is not far, all in the territory of Hongkou District. Why Hongkou? First of all, there is no prosperity of the "upper corner" here, nor is there a dilapidation of the "lower corner", the rent is moderate, and it can meet the needs of life. Second, this is the semi-concession zone, that is, the place where the concession crosses the border to build roads, which nominally belongs to the jurisdiction of the Chinese government, but in fact is controlled by the concession authorities, and the Kuomintang military and police cannot patrol here. Lu Xun has a collection of essays called "and Jie Ting Essays", the pavilion is the pavilion, Shanghai characteristics, very easy to understand, "and Jie Jie" what does it mean? The word "concession" is removed in half, isn't it? The meaning is an essay written in a pavilion in a semi-concession area.
As we all know, many of Lu Xun's articles are not tolerated by the National Government and are taboo by the authorities, and in the 1930s, he was wanted by the Kuomintang for his participation in groups such as the Left-Wing Writers' Union, and if he wanted to be safe, he must have a "trench", and the concession was a country within a country, and the municipal government could not reach it. Lu Xun went to the Bookstore run by the Japanese expatriate Uchiyama several times to take refuge, and this is precisely the reason. In order to crack down on Lu Xun and others, the National Government banned many books and introduced a strict review mechanism for works, which caused Lu Xun a lot of headaches. Although many pseudonyms have been changed, the articles used are still less than in the past, and some have been changed beyond recognition, and the preface does not match the afterword, and the reader looks at it blankly and does not know what the author actually means. Fewer works are published, and naturally less income is also.
Finally, Lu Xun's age is older, inseparable from doctors, Shanghai as a developed city, Chinese and Western famous doctors gathered, medical resources are definitely much better than other provinces. Not long after coming to Shanghai, Xu Guangping unexpectedly became pregnant and successfully gave birth to her son Zhou Haibao. Lu Xun originally did not plan to have children, but unfortunately contraception failed, people are not as good as heaven, must face the reality of being a father, since he came, Lu Xun had to fulfill the responsibility of being a husband and a father, and chose a better hospital for Xu Guangping, and finally the hospitalization cost more than 200 yuan. In his later years, Lu Xun's body repeatedly reported to the police, and he needed to ask foreign doctors to go to the clinic, and also to buy imported injections and drugs, if it was in a small city, even if he spent money, he would not get similar services. When she was a child, Zhou Hainian was often sick, and her parents naturally wanted to be sent to a good hospital for treatment, and Shanghai could meet the requirements in this regard. To this day, the hospital of Mordor is still the first choice for many patients.
The image comes from the Internet
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