Author: Mr. Hanaki
Pine cypress bonsai has always been the most distinctive representative tree species in the tree bonsai, with its four seasons verdant, vigorous and upright, proud frost and snow, tenacious and indomitable posture, and longevity and longevity to win the unanimous respect of bonsai lovers.
"Etiquette • Ritual Instrument": "In people, such as bamboo arrows, there is a heart, such as pine cypress." The two are the big end of the world. Therefore, the four hours did not change the Keyi leaf. Xunzi Dayao: "The age is not cold enough to know the pine cedar." "The New Language of the World" says: "The posture of the willow, looking at the autumn and falling; the quality of the pine and cypress, the frost is still lush." Thus the pine cypress has always been a symbol of the steadfastness of the spirit.
There is a saying in the bonsai world: "Bonsai does not play pine, to the old one empty", although biased, but as a unique tree species, is a symbol of noble personality in China's traditional culture, and has a very high status in China's traditional culture. The "Records of History" records that Qin Shi Huang once named the pine tree that shielded him from the wind and rain as the "Five Doctors"; the Taiping Imperial Records record that "the "Ritual Lineage" says: 'The pine of the Tianzi tree, the cypress of the princes, the poplar of the Qing Dafu tree, and the elm of the scholar tree. Humble and inferior also. Wang Anshi's "Character Sayings" has "pine, the length of a hundred trees, Ju Gong, so the word is from gong". Therefore, pine trees are highly respected in the traditional culture of our country.
There are many kinds of pine trees, common in China are red pine, oil pine, cedar, Luohan pine, sassafras pine, alpine pine, whitebark pine, masson pine, Huashan pine, five-needle pine, money pine, etc., are the ancient Chinese production of valuable bonsai of high-quality tree species. Black pine, on the other hand, is a more popular pine species in recent years.
Pinus thunbergii Parl.), also known as White Bud Pine, is an evergreen tree that can reach heights of up to 30 m and a chest diameter of up to 2 m; the bark of young trees is dark grey, the old is grayish black, thick, and lobed into pieces; the annual branches are pale brownish yellow, glabrous; the winter buds are silvery white, cylindrical oval or cylindrical, apically pointed, buds lanceolate or lanceolate, and the edges are white and silky. The conifers are 2 needles in a bunch, dark green, shiny, coarse, 6-12 cm long, with fine serrations on the edges, and stomata lines on the dorsal ventral surface.
Male bulbous flowers are reddish brown, cylindrical, polygonous in the lower part of the new branches; female bulbous flowers are solitary or 2-3 polygons near the tip of the new branches, upright, stalked, ovoid, lilac or pale brownish red; the cones are green before ripening, brown when ripe, cone-shaped ovoid or ovoid bark with gray-black belts. The flowering period is from April to May, and the seeds mature in October of the second year.
Black pine is not found in China, native to Japan and the southern coast of Korea. In the last century, There were many introduced species in Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places in China, and the black pine in many places has been more than 60 years old and is now growing vigorously.
The crown of the black pine is conical in its infancy, flattened and fan-shaped in old age, with horizontal branches, wheel-like arrangement, vigorous and curved, and a quaint posture, suitable for making a variety of bonsai shapes, and is a common bonsai-making tree species in Japan. The production of Japanese black pine bonsai, most of which begins with young plants and prunes, often after several generations of cultivation to form, and most of the domestic is wild mining, there is little patience to start from young plants, which we need to learn from Japan and learn their ingenuity.
In recent years, influenced by Japan, many domestic bonsai lovers have bought and cultivated, among which the more famous varieties are Sanhe Black Pine, which is popular for its many branches and buds. Black pine is a pine tree species is relatively easy to cultivate, about the cultivation and maintenance of black pine, we simply share the following precautions:
First, the precautions for pile transplanting
Most of the piles of black pine are in winter and spring, because black pine grows in the sand and gravel soil of the hillside, the soil is less, the viscosity is poor, so when digging, as much as possible to retain the root whiskers and protective soil, because the root soil is rich in root mold, is a black pine symbiotic fungus, which is very conducive to the growth of roots. After excavation, a simple bandage should be made of plastic bags in time to prevent soil loss during handling and facilitate transplantation.
Second, the preparation of soil growing medium
The black pine that is dug back should be transplanted or potted in time, because the long time will cause the roots to lose water, dry up, and affect the survival. The preparation of potted soil is best made of original soil on the mountain, if not, it can be cultivated with mixed soil made of coarse yellow sand, cinder and garden soil, and can be cultivated with red jade soil and so on, and the effect is better. Black pine is not tolerant to waterlogging, so potted cultivation can take the way of shallow seeds and high fences, which is conducive to drainage and rooting.
Third, the daily maintenance of black pine
Black pine is a positive tree species, so the cultivation should be placed in a well-lit and ventilated position, if it is dark and not ventilated, it is difficult to survive, even if it can grow, it is also sluggish and susceptible to disease. In addition, black pine is more hardy and can be maintained outdoors, but potted plants are best entered indoors in winter, especially in the north, to avoid too little frost damage to the root system.
Fourth, the watering principle of black pine
Many people according to the experience of "dry pine wet cypress", so they think that more watering will lead to the death of black pine rotten roots, in fact, this is a misunderstanding, the black pine and five-needle pine are confused, in fact, it is often caused by unfavorable drainage. Therefore, the principle of black pine watering is "see dry and wet, watering is thorough", to avoid lack of water caused by dry roots; but winter should be judged according to temperature, if it is low temperature, it is necessary to maintain dry soil, if the temperature is suitable, you need to replenish water in time.
Fifth, the fertilization principle of black pine
Just down the hill pile or raw pile, do not fertilize within one year of survival. However, after survival, it is necessary to replenish fertilizer in time. It is generally believed that the cultivation of black pine is preferably lean soil, and then appropriately replenished with water and controlled nutrients, which can avoid excessive pine needle length. In fact, if the black pine is relatively thin and not vigorous, this is the wrong way to cut the buds, the correct way is to let the black pine grow vigorously, and then cut the buds, while supplementing the fertilizer, so that the pine needles that grow out are both vigorous and relatively dense and short.
Sixth, the pruning and shaping and bud picking measures of black pine
1, inhibit the growth of vigorous tree buds: black pine belongs to large tree species, the growth of the core of the tree is particularly vigorous, so it is necessary to often adjust the tree type by picking green → cutting buds→ thinning buds→ picking leaves, etc., while paying attention to prevent the death of weak branches. Especially when picking leaves, even if you don't cut the buds, you must insist on picking leaves all year round.
2, by cutting the bud to level the long leaves: it is common for some people to cut the pine leaves short from the middle. This leaves an unsightly brown incision that, while not causing dead seedlings, can sometimes cause resin spillage. In fact, there is nothing wrong with the leaves being too long, and the second year the buds will be cut to flatten. Many people will say that black pine is difficult to serve, and personally feel that it is because of pruning weak buds.
3. Pruning should pay attention to the season: the sap flow of black pine during the winter dormancy period is slow, and the pruning of branches will not cause the risk of pine resin spillage. Therefore, it can be pruned in winter, especially for piles with thick trunks, which can be properly cut and processed, and then the retained side branches can be climbed into a flattened or drooping shape, and the side branches should be selected to pay attention to not leaving parallel branches and symmetrical branches, and it is better to have a layered difference. Pay attention to pruning and shaping will cause damage to the tree, pay attention to heat preservation and water retention after the operation, and sprinkle a stone sulfur compound to promote healing.
4, pinch the growth of buds: black pine in the growth period generally take more bud picking to control growth, generally in March and April new shoots elongated, has not yet been drawn into needles when the hand to break the top bud about half, such as do not need to grow branches of the bonsai, you can remove all the top buds (with scissors may die).
5. Short needle picking: In June and July, the new shoots have grown into conifers, and the short needle method of picking buds is implemented at this time. Except for the weak and small whiskered buds, the buds are cut off from the base of the buds, leaving only the old needles of the last year, about five groups of conifers per branch, and the second bud will occur after about 1 to 2 weeks. At this time, it is necessary to replenish fertilizer and water in time. In August and September, the branches and leaves can be adjusted, generally the upper strong branches leave weak buds, and the lower weak branches leave strong buds to balance the tree posture.
7. Pest control of black pine
The main diseases of black pine are leaf rust, needle drop disease, curved branch disease and pine tumor disease. Common insect pests include aphids, mesozoans, red spiders and pine borers. Every spring and summer, it is necessary to spray prevention and control with disinfectants such as methyltobuzin or carbendazim, pay attention to the replacement to avoid drug resistance, and use stone sulfur compounds for prevention in autumn and winter.
The above is a little experience about the appreciation of black pine and cultivation and maintenance, if there is no place or mistake, please criticize and correct all the pot friends, welcome to leave a message to discuss and exchange, thank you!
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2019-12-12 Easy to flower wood