The Seven Heroes of the Warring States, collectively known as the seven most powerful princely states in the Warring States period, were greatly reduced by the protracted wars of hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Period. The Zhou royal family is still nominally the Son of Heaven, but it has died in name only. The princely states attacked each other, and the war continued. After the three families were divided into Jin, the Zhao, Wei, and Korea became among the great powers, and there was the Tian Dynasty Qi, and the pattern of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States was formally formed, namely: the Qin State, the Chu State, the Qi State, the Yan State, the Zhao State, the Wei State, and the Korean State.
In addition to the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, during the Warring States period, there were also great powers such as the State of Yue, the State of Ba, the State of Shu, the State of Song, the State of Zhongshan, and the State of Lu. There are still Zheng Guo, Wei Guo, Teng Guo, Zou Guo, Fei Guo, etc. in small countries, but their strength and influence are far inferior to those of the Warring States Seven Heroes, and they can only survive in the cracks of powerful countries, and in the end they are all destroyed by the Seven Heroes. Among them, the Tho Kingdom mentioned in this article was not only a small country during the Warring States period, but also was destroyed during the Warring States period. At that time, the state of Tho was under pressure from the ancient Shu state, so it asked the state of Qin for help. However, what Tho Guo did not expect was that this move undoubtedly attracted wolves into the house, resulting in himself and the Shu state and the Ba state being wiped out by the Qin state.
One
Specifically, according to the records of historical materials such as the "Records of History", the state of Tho, the ancient name of the western region during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. The state of Tho, whose capital was at TufeiCheng (present-day Zhaohua Town, Zhaohua District, Guangyuan City, Sichuan), was a sub-feudal state of the Enlightened Shu State during the Eastern Zhou Warring States period, and the first monarch was Du Yemeng, the younger brother of Du Shang, the King of Shu (IX of the Enlightened Ming Clan). Therefore, it is also called The Kingdom of Ye Meng.
During the Zhou Dynasty, most of the princely states were canonized by Zhou Tianzi. Especially in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, after King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang Dynasty, he divided a large number of princely states. However, as far as the Tho Kingdom is concerned, it is the ancient Shu State that is divided, which can be understood as a secondary seal. Of course, there are some similar situations, such as the sub-surname Xiao Guo, which is actually divided by the Song Kingdom. As far as the State of Chu is concerned, after the fall of the original State of E, the royal family of the State of Chu was also divided into the monarchs of the State of E.
For the origins of the Tho state, in the eighth year of the Zhou Lie King Ji Xi, in 368 BC, the Shu king Du Shang (Kaiming IX) expanded his power to the northern part of present-day Sichuan Province and the city of Hanzhong in Shaanxi Province. As we all know, the capital of the ancient Shu state was in the area of present-day Chengdu, Sichuan Province, relatively far from northern Sichuan and Hanzhong, in order to facilitate the jurisdiction, the King of Shu Du Shang made his brother Du Yemeng the Marquis of Hanzhong, thus establishing the Tho State attached to the ancient Shu State (the capital was located in the present-day Shipan Village of Zhaohua District, which was under jurisdiction of Chuzhong (the upper reaches of the Han River) and The Land of Ye Meng), which meant that the State of Tho was established in the middle of the Warring States period.
Two
After the establishment of the state of Tho, it showed favor to the outside world the powerful Qin and Ba states at that time. In other words, although the state of Tho was divided into ancient Shu states, the two were still related to the same lineage. However, the relationship between the Tho state and the ancient Shu state was becoming more and more distant. In this regard, in the author's opinion, it is likely that the Tho Kingdom wants to get rid of the shackles from the Ancient Shu Kingdom, and even wants to sit on an equal footing with the Ancient Shu Kingdom. On this basis, the state of Tho chose to ally with the state of Pakistan in order to jointly oppose the state of Shu. For the Cuban state, it was located in the area of present-day Chongqing City and fought a long-term war with the ancient Shu state. Therefore, in the face of the olive branch thrown by the country of Tho, pakistan naturally accepted it gladly.
It was precisely because of the mediation between the Qin, Ba, and Shu states that the overall strength of the Tho state was enhanced, and it gradually became a powerful country in the southwest region that was on a par with the enlightened Shu state and the Pakistani state at that time. The territory of the state of Tho also expanded, with jurisdiction over Roughly present-day Zitong County in Mianyang, Sichuan, Jiange County in Guangyuan, Qingchuan County, Lizhou District, Zhaohua District, Chaotian District, Wangcang County, Cangxi County, Kang County in Longnan, Gansu, Ningqiang County in Hanzhong, Shaanxi, Luoyang County, and Nanzheng County. Of course, the strength of the Tho state naturally caused doubts and dissatisfaction in the ancient Shu state, which prompted a direct conflict between the two and also provided an opportunity for the intervention of the Qin state.
Three
During the Warring States period, in the sixth year of the Zhou Shenliang King Ji Ding, in 316 BC, the State of Ba sent a large army to attack the State of Shu, but was repelled by the State of Shu. In this regard, the powerful King of Shu decided to set up a new Marquis of Tho, and the King of Shu Du Lu (Kaiming XII) ordered the "Five Ding Lushi" to open the stone cattle road from the Shu state to the Tho state within a time limit, so as to quickly send troops to attack the increasingly disobedient Tho state. After learning of this situation, the state of Tho was naturally very nervous, considering that the state of Ba had been defeated by the state of Shu, the state of Tho could only ask the state of Qin for help.
It is worth noting that Marquis Tho asked for help from Qin, and Du Lu, the king of Shu, also sent emissaries to ally with Qin, in order not to want the State of Qin to help the State of Tho. However, after receiving gifts from the Shu and Tho states, the King of Qin Hui decided to take advantage of this opportunity to capture the land of Bashu. In 316 BC, King Huiwen of Qin sent Zhang Yi, Zhang Ruo, and Sima Que to lead a team to take the Shiniu Road (present-day Jiange Golden Bull Road/Jiange Road), and with the help of the State of Tho, the Qin army successfully reached the hinterland of the Shu State. Although the State of Shu was a large vassal state, the Qin army had been fighting the Six Kingdoms of Shandong for a long time and had extremely high combat effectiveness, which made it difficult for the State of Shu to resist, and even Du Lu, the king of Shu, was killed by the Qin army, and the Prince of Shu fled to Pengxiang (present-day Pengzhou) and was captured.
In this regard, it is recorded in the Treatise on Ben Shu that King Huiwen used a plan to destroy the ancient Shu kingdom: King Hui of Qin wanted to cut Shu but did not know (the road), made a five-stone cattle, put gold under the tail, said that he could gold, and the king of Shu was negative, so that the five Dings were introduced, and became the (Shu) Dao. Qin made Zhang Yi and Sima mistakenly find a way to destroy Shu, because they knew the Shiniu Road. ”
Four
Finally, after the destruction of the ancient Shu state, King Huiwen of Qin made Prince Shu the Marquis of Shu, and Zhang Ruo assumed the post of Shu Xiang and established Shu County. It is worth noting that after the fall of the Shu kingdom, the Tho state naturally had no value, so the Qin army destroyed the princely states of the Land of Bashu such as the state of Tho, chong guo, and ba. Therefore, for the State of Qin, this move can be described as emulating the "false road cutting" strategy of the Jin Xiangong. False tao means borrowing the way. Cutting means to conquer. The Kingdom of Yu was a small country in the Spring and Autumn Period. Used in war, it is meant to first use A as a springboard to eliminate B, and after achieving the goal, go back and destroy A together, or use the excuse of borrowing the other party as a pretext to eliminate the other party.
In general, the shu and tho kingdoms perished in the same year. Hou Tho may not remember the story of the Spring and Autumn Period of "false road cutting", otherwise he would not have attracted wolves into the house and let the Qin state occupy the land of Bashu in one fell swoop. In this way, the state of Ba, which had just suffered the defeat of the Shu state and had not recovered, was surrounded by Qin forces, and the Qin Hui king Yingsi adopted Sima Que's suggestion of "destroying Shu first, then destroying Chu, and gaining the world", and destroyed the ba state after two months in the same year. After that, Tunbing Jiangzhou City (present-day Chongqing) gradually encroached on the Chu state to the east. From this, we can probably see why all the six kingdoms of Shandong were destroyed. Like the kingdoms of Tho, Shu, and Ba, when facing the Qin state, the six kingdoms of Korea, Wei, Zhao, Chu, and Yan not only did not cooperate with each other and unite as one, but instead dismantled each other and even attracted wolves into the house, which became the reason why the Qin state was able to unify the world.