The Qing Dynasty was the last great unified dynasty in China, a unified dynasty established by the Manchu minority ethnic minorities. One of the characteristics of the Qing Dynasty was shaving hair and changing clothes.
What is even more special is that although the Qing Dynasty practiced shaving and changing clothes for all the people, the Taoist priests were not among them.
Of course, according to the portraits of Daoist priests in the Qing Dynasty that have been handed down, Taoist priests in some places in the early Qing Dynasty also shaved their hair, indicating that the objects of shaving and changing clothes at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty included Daoists, but then abolished this policy on Taoists.
So why did the Taoist priests shave their hair at first during the Qing Dynasty, but later did not shave their hair, and then Song Anzhi came to talk about it specifically.
Why Taoist priests did not shave their hair, the historical records are also vague. There are generally two theories, one is that the early Qing Dynasty folk policy of ten from ten from ten "Confucianism and thus interpretation of the Tao does not follow", stipulating that Taoists can retain the hair style and crown. The second is that Zhang Tianshi and the Daoist king Changyue pleaded after seeing the Shunzhi Emperor in the early Qing Dynasty.
1644 was a heavy year, when the Chongzhen Emperor died and the Ming Dynasty died, Li Zicheng entered the capital dashun as the sun was in the sky, and the southwest Zhang Xianzhong's daxi became a faction of its own. Surprisingly, the Qing army outside guanwai also took the opportunity to enter the pass to pick peaches, but it was really a short period of time to break Li Zicheng and destroy Zhang Xianzhong to surrender to Nanming Hongguang.
After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, while co-opting the officials and gentry landlords, in order to make their rule continue well, they issued a shaving order, requiring the surrendered officials and civilians to shave their hair and obey the system of the dynasty. (From Song Anzhi's exclusive original) Was abolished because there were too many opponents: "There is no distinction between the people who have submitted to the former cause, so let them shave their hair so as not to be obedient." Nowadays, I have heard of the people's wishes, but it is not the essence of the people's hearts to give culture and education to the people' hearts. Since then, the subjects of the world have tied their hair as usual, and they have obeyed them." The following year, after the Qing army successfully attacked the small imperial court of The Southern Ming Dynasty, it believed that the overall situation had been decided, so it began to impose a shaving and obedience order.
In the face of shaving hair and changing clothes, the Confucian holy land of Kongfu at that time, as well as Zhang Tianshi of the Taoist holy land of Longhu Mountain, were obedient, and there is no doubt that these two holy places have changed dynasties several times, and their knees have been very soft.
At that time, Kong Yinzhi, the Canonized Duke of Yansheng in the Ming Dynasty, after the Qing army entered the customs, went to the Qing court's "Initial Entry Table Text", which praised the Shunzhi Emperor as "the Holy Emperor's mountains and rivers and the sun and the moon are shining, and the country is the same as Qiankun and Yong". At the same time, he said with great admiration: "The ministers and other Que Li Shu Confucian, Zhang Shai Wei Wei, Zhao Cheng Lie Dai Shu En, Jin Qing New Dynasty Sheng Zhi, Zhan Xue's Chonglong, tend to be afraid of the future." After receiving the shaving order, the first time after receiving the shaving order, the holy oracle was read out, and a solemn shaving ceremony was held.
However, when the Ming Dynasty's canonized Heavenly Master Zhang Yingjing had not yet perished in the third year of Shunzhi, he impatiently asked Li Xiangfeng, the governor of Jiangxi, to pay tribute to the Qing Court Zhengyi Zhenren Forty Pieces. As a result, the regent Oforgun, the actual ruler of the Qing Court at that time, did not take the Heavenly Master Fu Rui in his eyes, and issued a handwritten edict: "The way to blessings, in respect of heaven and the people, anthing is done, and it is ignored." It means that since you have already sent it, I reluctantly accepted it.
Of course, these two holy places are not willing, Kongfu is secretly left a lot of Han clothing, after the fall of the Qing Dynasty can be seen again, now placed in the Confucius Palace exhibition.
The Taoist Zhang Tianshi and Wang Changyue had also been trying to persuade the supreme ruler, the Shunzhi Emperor, to avoid daoists from shaving their hair and changing their clothes. At that time, the rulers of the Qing Court were also very disgusted with Taoism and Buddhism in the Central Plains, and stipulated that both the monks and monks inside and outside should be given the degree to prevent adultery and falsification. At the same time, the inner and outer temples and temples are not allowed to be hidden if there is a Ming Dynasty old order to pay the ministry. It is not even allowed to have idle people living in the Taoist temples in Beijing.
Later, with the increasing intensity of anti-Qing and restoration activities, coupled with the endless uprisings in various places such as white lotus, wuwei, and smelling incense. The Qing court began to attach importance to Taoism, which has a deep historical background. (from Song Anzhi's exclusive original) In the sixth year of Shunzhi, Zhang Yingjing, the Celestial Master who sent the charm before the Qing Court Seal, was given the seal of the Zhengyi Si Sect Dazhen. Zhang Hongren, 24, the new Tianshi in the twelfth year of Shunzhi, entered the hajj to meet the 18-year-old Shunzhi Emperor. At the same time, the Southern Sect Daoist Monk Wang Changyue became the abbot of the White Cloud Temple of the Quanzhen Sect in Beijing, and in this capacity, he also met the Shunzhi Emperor, and after the two Taoist leaders visited the Shunzhi Emperor one after another, the exchange was quite OK, and the Taoism did not have to shave his hair and change his clothes from then on.
There is also a saying that ten never ten do not follow this unofficial decree.
Legend has it that "ten from ten not from" was put forward by the Ming Dynasty minister Jin Zhijun after he surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, in the face of fierce resistance from the Han people. "From" refers to obeying the rule of the Qing Dynasty and shaving hair and changing clothes. "Not following" means that it should be done in accordance with the Han tradition.
Of course, referring to historical records, it should not be proposed by Kim Zhijun, but just a legend.
One of the ten from ten is Confucianism and thus the Tao, which means that if you shave your hair and read a book, you will obey, and the Taoist monks will not have to obey.
Of course, the above two statements are also very flawed, although Taoism does not shave hair and change clothes, but there are three Clear Collars and Mixed Yuan Scarves produced by the influence of shaving hair and easy clothes, and the Taoist robe also has a little Manchu style.
Song Anzhi was limited by the vagueness of the existing data and did not dare to make a conclusion. Personally, I think that the closest statement to reality should be that at the time of the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Tianshi did not want to shave his hair and change clothes, so he improved the Taoist robe, and after meeting the Shunzhi Emperor, he pleaded with the Daoist priest as a monk not to shave his hair and change his clothes, at that time the young Shunzhi Emperor agreed happily, and the emperor said that from then on, it became a tradition for Daoists not to shave their hair and change their clothes.
This statement still has a certain feasibility, because the young Shunzhi Emperor was in a period of adolescent rebellion at that time, daring to do anything for Dong Efei, and even wanted to become a monk later. In the face of the same young Zhang Tianshi's pleading, it was not impossible to agree on a whim that Taoism would not have to shave his hair and change his clothes.
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