A man of many talents, only to save eight buckets; erudite virtue, learn to be rich in five cars. The Three Tombs and Five Classics are the books of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors; the Eight Sos and Nine Hills are the aspirations of the Eight Lords and Nine Prefectures. The Book of Books contains the events of the three dynasties of the ancient Tang Dynasty, so it is known as the Book of Shang; the Book of Changes is the zhou yi of the king of Ji Zhou Wen, so it is called "Zhou Yi". Erdai once deleted the "Book of Rites", so it was called "Dai Li"; Ermao once annotated the "Book of Poetry", so it was called "Mao Poems".
Before the National Day, the "Disease Death and Funeral" volume was ended, and after the festival, a new volume of "Literary Affairs" could finally be started, which was gratifying and congratulatory!
01
Cai Chu Eight Buckets learned to be rich in five cars are all descriptions of someone who is literate, knowledgeable, and knowledgeable.
"Eight Buckets" is a metaphor used by the Southern Dynasty poet Xie Lingyun when praising the Three Kingdoms Wei poet Cao Zhi. He said: "There is only one stone in the world, Cao Zijian (Cao Zhi) has eight buckets, I have to fight, and the world is divided into one bucket." Later, people compared the idiom "only high eight buckets" to a person who is highly talented.
"Xuefu Five Cars" was first published in "Zhuangzi Tianxia", the original text is "Huishi many parties, his book five cars, its road refutation, its words are not in the middle". These words are a criticism of Huishi, saying that Huishi this person knows a lot of tricks, and although the works he wrote are enough to mediate the rise and fall of the five kingdoms, many of the reasons he says are wrong and messy, and his words are also inappropriate. The "book" of "its book five cars" is a verb, that is, to write. "His way is not refuted, and his words are not in the middle", which refers to the works written by Huishi, not the books he read.
Hui Shi, a native of the Song Dynasty (present-day Shangqiu, Henan) in the middle of the Warring States period, was a famous politician, debater and philosopher during the Warring States period, and was the founder and main representative of the ideas of famous scholars.
02
The Three Tombs and Five Classics are the books of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors; the Eight Sos and Nine Hills are the Chronicles of the Eight Zee and Nine Prefectures: The Three Tombs and Five Classics are the historical books that record the deeds of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors; the Eight Tombs and Nine Hills are the geographical records that describe the Eight Emperors and Nine Prefectures.
The Three Tombs, Five Classics, Eight Sos and Nine Hills are all texts of the pre-Qin period in China. According to legend, in the era of "Three Emperors and Five Emperors", the most original recorded "archives".
The "archives" of the "Three Emperors" period are called "Three Tombs".
Mr. Zhang Taiyan said in the "Examination of the Ancient Sayings of Shangshu": "Tomb, Qiu Twelve, It is advisable to be Yiwu's record of Taishan carved stone ten and two also." It is said that in the Spring and Autumn Period, The Qi Guo Guan Zhong copied down the contents of the twelve stone carvings of Taishan in the "Three Emperors" era, that is, called "Three Graves"
The archives of the "Five Emperors" period are called the Five Classics, and Han Kong Anguo said in the "Preface to the Book of Shang": "The Book of the Five Emperors, called the 'Five Classics', I often say it." Kong Anguo believes that the Five Classics are archives formed during the "Five Emperors" period.
In addition to the "Three Tombs" and "Five Classics", zuo chuan zhaogong twelve years of the ancient archives said that there are two other ancient archives, called "Eight Suo" and "Nine Hills".
Regarding the Eight Suo, Tang Kong Yingda quoted the Shang Shu Preface, which is rumored to be written by Kong Anguo: "The gossip is called the Eight Suo. Ask for righteousness also. The "Eight Soso", which means the ancient archives, is the book of "Bagua".
As for "Nine Hills", Kong Yingda explained: "The zhi of Kyushu is called the nine hills. Qiu, Juye, Yan Kyushu owned, the land is born, the atmosphere is appropriate, all gathered in this book also. He believes that the "Nine Hills" archive is the Fang Zhi of the Central Plains Kyushu.
As for why "tomb", "dian", "suo", and "qiu" are used as the correct names of the texts, there are different theories, but the prevailing version is based on the "Shang Shu Preface". The answer of the Shang Shu Preface is that "grave" has a big meaning, "canon" has the meaning of constant, "suo" has the meaning of seeking, and "hill" has the meaning of gathering. It is said that the Book of Shang, written by Confucius, said: "The book of Fuxi, Shennong, and the Yellow Emperor is called the Three Graves, and the Daodao of Yan is also. The books of Shao Hao, Zhao, Gao Xin, Tang (Yao), and Yu (Shun), known as the Five Classics, are often said to be the Tao. As for the Book of Xia, Shang, and Zhou, although it is not taught, ya is a mystery, and its unity is the treasure of the past dynasties, which is considered to be a great teaching. The theory of gossip is called the "Eight Sos", and it is also righteous. The Chronicle of Kyushu is called the "Nine Hills"; Qiu, Juya, All of Kyushu, Born of Land, Suitable for Customs, all gather in this book. ”
So far, all four texts have been scattered.
03
The Book of Books contains the affairs of the three dynasties of the Tang Dynasty, so it is known as the Book of Shang; the Book of Changes is the zhou yi of the zhou wen king Zhou Gong, so it is called the "Zhou Yi": the shang book records the political affairs of the Yao, Shun, Xia, Shang, and Three Dynasties in the ancient period; Zhou Yi was compiled by King Wen of Zhou and Zhou Gong, and is an elaborate masterpiece of the four saints of Fuxi, King Wen, Zhou Gong, and Confucius.
The traditional Shang Shu (also known as the Present Book of Shangshu) was handed down by Fu Sheng. Legend has it that it is a legacy of the ancient culture "Three Graves and Five Classics". One of the Five Confucian Classics, also known as the Book of Books. It is a compilation of works recounting the deeds of antiquity. It is divided into "Book of Yu", "Book of Xia", "Book of Shang", and "Book of Zhou". The twenty-eight "Shang Shu" dictated by the Western Han Dynasty scholar Fu Sheng are the present "Shang Shu", and liu Yu, the king of Lugong of the Western Han Dynasty, found another "Shang Shu" when he demolished a section of the wall of Confucius's former residence, which is the ancient "Shang Shu". During the war in the Western Jin Dynasty, the Yongjia period was chaotic, and the shang shu (尚書) of the present and ancient texts were all lost. At the beginning of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Shi Meizhao of Yuzhang presented a "Book of Shang" to the imperial court, including 33 "Book of Modern Literature and Shangshu" and 25 pseudo-"Ancient Literature Shangshu".
The Zhou Yi is the I Ching, one of the Three Yi (another view: the I Ching is the Three Yi, not the Zhou Yi), is one of the traditional classics, which is said to have been written by Ji Chang, the king of Zhou Wen, and the content includes two parts: the "Classic" and the "Biography". The Sutra is mainly sixty-four trigrams and three hundred and eighty-four trigrams, each of which has an explanation (卦辞, 爻辞) for divination. The "Biography" contains seven kinds of texts explaining gua ci and yao ci in ten pieces, collectively known as the "Ten Wings", which is said to have been written by Confucius.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, official learning began to gradually evolve into private learning. Easy to learn before and after the cause, progressive development, the learning of a hundred schools, easy learning is followed by differentiation. Since Confucius praised Yi, the Zhou Yi has been regarded by Confucianism as a Confucian sacred scripture, the first of the six classics. In addition to Confucianism, there were two branches of Yixue and Confucianism developed side by side: one was the Yishu Yi, which still existed in the old forces; the other was Laozi's Taoist Yi, and Yixue began to be divided into three branches.
The "General Catalogue of the Four Libraries" divides the source and change of Yixue history into "two schools and six sects". The two schools are the Xiang mathematics school and the Yi Li school; the six schools, one is the divination sect, the second is the Zhenxiang sect, the third is the Zhaohua sect, the fourth is the Lao Zhuang sect, the fifth is the Confucian sect, and the sixth is the Shi Shi sect.
"Zhou Yi" is the theoretical root of natural philosophy and humanistic practice in traditional Chinese thought and culture, the crystallization of the ancient Han nationality's thought and wisdom, and is known as the "source of the great road". The content is extremely rich, and it has had an extremely profound impact on China's political, economic, cultural and other fields for thousands of years.
The I Ching is the first of the Qunjing and the book of teaching.
04
Erdai once deleted the "Book of Rites", so "Dai Li"; Ermao once annotated the "Book of Poetry", so "Mao Poems": Dai De and Dai Sheng deleted the Book of Rites, so the Book of Rites was called Zai Li; Mao Heng and Mao Chang once annotated the Book of Poetry, so the Book of Poetry was also known as Mao Shi.
Dai De (born and died ominous), the character Yan jun, known as the great Dai; the nephew Dai Sheng, the character sub-jun, known as xiao Dai. Emperor Xuan of Han was made a doctor. Dai Deguan to King Xindu (Liu Huan) Taifu; Dai Shengguan to Jiujiang Taishou. Also received from the "Li" in Houcang, he has selected various ancient ritual treatises and compiled them into Confucian classics "The Book of Great Dai Li" and "The Book of Little Dai Li". He is the founder of the Western Han Dynasty's modern literary and ritual studies "Big Dai Xue" and "Little Dai Xue". Therefore, in the "Three Character Classic", there is a saying that "the size is worn, the "Book of Rites", the Holy Word is described, and the Li Le Is Prepared".
The Book of Rites is an anthology of various liturgical treatises before the Qin and Han Dynasties, including Qu Li, Tan Bow, Wang System, Moon Order, Li Yun, Xue Ji, Le Ji, Zhongyong, and University. It is a rich etiquette system accumulated over a long period of time. It is an important classic for the study of ancient Chinese social conditions, Confucianism, rituals, official systems, and utensils.
At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Qin Shi Huang burned books, and the "Rites" could not be passed on, and only Gao Tangsheng could speak. Seventeen articles of the "Ritual Rites" were passed on to Xiao Fen, Xiao Fen's Meng Qing, Meng Qing's transmission after Cang, and Hou Cang's Daide. Later, there were 214 treatises on etiquette recorded by The disciples and scholars of Johani. Dade deleted his troubles and recorded it as eighty-five, and compiled it into the "Great Dai Li Ji" (now disabled). The "Book of Rites" that is now transmitted is Dai Sheng's "Little Dai Li Ji" or "Little Dai Ji".
When Dai Sheng was emperor Xuan of the Western Han Dynasty, he once attended the imperial meeting at Shiqu Pavilion with the famous literati and scholars shi qiu, Liang Qiulin, Ouyang Diyu, Liu Xiang, and others at Shiqu Pavilion to evaluate the similarities and differences of the Five Classics, and discussed and adopted the various family rituals, and compiled forty-six articles as "Little Dai Li". At the end of the Han Dynasty, Ma Rong passed on the study of Xiao Dai and added three chapters for a total of forty-nine chapters, that is, the present book of Rites.
The "Book of Quiography" is basically not required to be recited today, in fact, the "state of etiquette", "the exchange of etiquette" and "talking about civilization and courtesy" can be said to basically come from the "Book of Rites".
And the post-70s have basically not read so far, now parents, some have become grandparents, many people do not pay attention to these, think that it is red tape, feudal dross, has been basically lost. But many of the contents still have meaning, such as "etiquette, do not talk about people, do not resign." Etiquette, no excesses, no insults, no bad tricks. Self-cultivation is called good deeds. Practice the Word, and the quality of etiquette. Etiquette is taken from people, not from people. Etiquette to learn, not to smell to teach. There are also many details, such as "will be suitable for the house, seek not to be solid." It will go to the church, and the voice will be heard. There are two tumults outdoors, and if you don't hear them, you don't enter them. Will enter the house, as far as it must go. Entering the house to serve the people, seeing that there is no return; the door is also open, the door is also closed; and those who enter the house are closed, and they are not allowed to succeed. No trampling, no stomping, no cutting. Be cautious and promise-keeping". Social news always mentions "bear children", running in public, noisy and even insulting others, the elderly, this is not a simple sentence "uncultured" can be included, I hope that now young parents have time to pick up the "Four Books and Five Classics" to read it carefully, I believe it will be beneficial.
Mao Heng studied under Xun Zi and was a famous classical scholar in history. When Mao Heng compiled the commentary on the "Biography of Mao Shixun", just in time for Qin Shi Huang to burn books and pit Confucianism, Mao Heng was well aware of Li Si's personality, and he used a plot to kill his fellow disciple Han Fei, not to mention that Mao Heng's collection of "Yu Shi Chunqiu", "Xunzi", "Shijing" and other books and books were more, Li Si would never let Mao Heng go easily.
In order to avoid the burning of the Poetry Sutra, they temporarily renamed the annotated "Poetry Sutra Commentary (Biography)" to "Wei". He then passed on the "Biography of Mao Shixun" to his nephew Mao Cang. Subsequently, Mao Heng fled with some of the Mao clan to Dongwu City in Shandong, and Mao Heng took some of the clan members to Move to Jize. During the Western Han Dynasty, Mao Changguang recruited apprentices and taught the Book of Poetry ("Mao Shixun Biography"), and Liu De, the king of Hejian, made him a doctor, and was known in history as "Little Mao Gong", and the two of them "300 pieces of righteousness, Bing like the sun and stars", enjoyed the Temple of Literature. "Guan Guan Ju Dove, in the River Continent", "Crab Leaf Cang, White Dew as Frost", "Promise to Dan, don't think about the opposite"... The sound of ruling the world is happy, the sound of the chaotic world is complaining and angry, and the sound of the subjugation of the country is mourning and thinking, and the power of culture is felt from the Book of Poetry.