In the last years of the Western Jin Dynasty, on one side was the "Beacon Illuminating the Imperial Capital", and on the other side there was the "Chaotic Peach Blossom Garden". A small imperial court spent thirty years to create a peaceful and prosperous world of "the road is not left behind, and the night is not closed". Unfortunately, the duration was not long enough, and the dynasty was relatively low-key, so a history worthy of a big book was drowned in the dust.
At that time, the descendants of the Sima family fought for imperial power, and the wolves ran rampant. In 304, Emperor Hui of Jin took people to fight Sima Ying, and after being defeated in the battle of Dangyin, the emperor himself was shot with three arrows, his face was wounded, and hundreds of officials and guards scattered, and then the emperor himself took prisoner. In August, the Anbei general Wang Jun finally defeated Sima Ying, but Emperor Hui was again taken to Luoyang. Next, like a courier package, the emperor was kidnapped by Sima Hao's general Zhang Fang to Chang'an, and the treasures of the palace were looted.
His own family's country and mountains are not cherished, and the civil war is "in the ascendant", and the foreign tribes will take the opportunity to attack. The Xiongnu Liu Yuan rose up in a sudden army and proclaimed himself king of Han in Hedong, ambitious to chase after the Central Plains. In fact, before him, there was a people of the Yu people who had made a quick start and had already claimed the throne in Chengdu and established the "Dacheng" state.
In history, the sense of existence of "Dacheng" is very poor, and everyone is relatively unfamiliar, because Liu Yuan in the north is too snatched the mirror, the Western Jin Dynasty was destroyed by their family, Luoyang was attacked by their family, and the emperor was also killed by their family. Therefore, the face of "Dacheng" has always been relatively vague, but after reading the relevant materials, I found that this "Dacheng" is very rare and has a great way to succeed.
"Dacheng" built a peaceful and prosperous world with his head stuffed, and his helmsman Li Xiong was an unborn hero. The same occupation of Shu land, if it is to govern the country, Li Xiong and his partner level should be above Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang. The author is even willing to compare him with Tang Taizong, and praise him for the "rule of Zhenguan" of the Later Li Tang family, which is not considered to be favored and elevated.
First, let's briefly introduce this chaotic hero - Li Xiong.
In the last years of the Western Jin Dynasty, more than 100,000 people in the Kansai area fell into the river to seek a living, and because they were not willing to be oppressed and plundered by local officials, the displaced people had to rise up and jointly promote Li Te, who was known for his prestige, as the leader. Li Was originally a noble clan of the Li people of Luoyang (present-day Qin'an County, Gansu), and Li Teying was good at shooting, brave and strategic. Chang Xuan's "Huayang Guozhi" records a passage that he once laughed at Liu Chan when he entered the Sword Pavilion in Sichuan: "If there is such a place and the face is tied to people, is it not mediocre and evil!" Mr. Ah Dou is not a mediocre talent if he prostrates his head according to such a dangerous pass!
Li Xiong was the third son of Li Te, and according to the Book of Jin, Volume 121, Zaiji No. 21: "The male is eight feet three inches long and has a beautiful appearance. Less with the smell of fierceness, every week in the countryside, the people who know the master are all heavy. From the perspective of the "Appearance Association" alone, this person was tall and mighty, extraordinary in appearance, and was valued from an early age. A high-ranking man named Liu Hua, after seeing his appearance, said: "In the future, the people in the Guanlong area will emigrate to the south, and when the time comes, the third elder of the Li family will do something big and be the hegemon of one side." ”
Liu Huazhen did not lose his sight, and Li Xiong began to be a former general under his father's account. In 303, Li Te was killed by Yizhou Assassin Shi Luoshang. His uncle Li Liu carried the banner, but soon fell ill. At this time, the burden of Qianjun fell on Li Xiong's body. Li Xiong lived up to the expectations of the people, led the displaced people to fight in blood, and finally defeated Luo Shang and captured Chengdu. In 304, he proclaimed himself king in Chengdu and changed his name to "Jianxing".
In 306, Li Xiong's important partner made a grand appearance. This person, surnamed Fan Changsheng, was originally the leader of the Tianshi Dao in the Chengdu area, born in Han Jian'an for twenty-three years, he was already eighty-eight years old at this time, older than Jiang Ziya, who was fishing in Weishui. "Zizhi Tongjian" Yun: "Immortal erudite and versatile, nearly 100 years old, Shu people worship it like a god." "After Zhuge Liang's death, he was canonized as a god in the novel, and this Fan Gao was revered as a god by the Shu people before he died.
Fan Changsheng was well-known, armed in Mount Qingcheng, and had strong economic strength, and responded to everything in Sichuan. During the most difficult times for the displaced rebel army, he once provided food to help them turn the situation around.
After Li Xiong took possession of Chengdu, he believed that the government of the displaced people had no roots after all, and that in order to be stable, it was necessary to get the support of the natives of Shudi, so he respectfully asked Fan Changsheng to come out of the mountains. Li Xiong sincerely expressed his willingness to welcome Fan Changsheng as a king and be willing to be a subordinate himself. This is not only full of sincerity, this broad mind also makes Fan Changsheng moved and admired.
At the beginning of the cooperation between the two, it is very rare that they can meet frankly.
Fan Changsheng did not covet the leadership of the first in command, nor did he think that he had the destiny to become an emperor, but instead persuaded Li Xiong to establish himself as emperor and assist him as a chancellor.
Li Xiong then officially assumed the throne as emperor, with the title of "Dacheng" (大成), with the title of "Dacheng" (大成), with hundreds of officials, and Fan Changsheng was given the title of Marquis of Xishan.
This year, Li Xiong was thirty years old, one old and one young, working together to promote the country to embark on the road of rapid development.
Fan Changsheng's purpose of involvement in the world was "pure heart and widowhood, respect for heaven and love for the people", and the eight-character mantra he offered to the emperor was: "Rest and recuperate, Bo Fu Xingjiao", and another six-character golden jade good words are: "Do not use poor soldiers and martial arts". These policies not only absorbed the successful experience of the rule of Wenjing, but also drew the bitter lessons of the fall of the Shu Han Dynasty.
Li Xiong is humble and educated, and his execution is very strong. Dacheng Guo "male Ding one year old Gu Sanhuo, female Ding Yi Huo five buckets, the sick halved; household silk is not more than a few zhang, cotton is not more than two." "This is a fairly light tax, on this basis, the state is lenient and political service, the law of simplified punishment, the punishment is not arbitrary, the punishment is not indiscriminate, and there is no detention in prison. Only when politics is clear can the people live and work in peace and contentment.
If the crops are planted in a down-to-earth manner, the kingdom of Heaven can quickly accumulate wealth. According to the "Huayang Guozhi", during Li Xiong's reign, "few things were rare, and the people were rich and solid."
At the same time, "Dacheng" built official studies, revitalized culture and education, and ended upwinding, "even the lumen are not closed, the road is not left behind", and the folk customs are so thick that it is rare in Chinese history. Li Xiong's era name, "Yan Ping" took six years, "Yuheng" used twenty-three years, so it is no exaggeration for the author to call it "Balanced Prosperity".
There are still frequent wars and chaos here, the people are not happy, and there is stability and peace, and the songs and dances are peaceful. People from all over the world fled to the "safe island" of Shudi to avoid chaos, and "Dacheng" gave preferential treatment to those who defected from afar.
Li Xiong is a Ming jun with a big heart and a big weight, a thick character and a broad heart. The clansmen Gongcheng and Kui Wen once betrayed and injured Li Xiong's mother, and when they surrendered, Li Xiong forgave their sins, accepted them again, and treated them sincerely.
In 318 AD, the hundred-year-old Fan Changsheng "feathered and ascended to heaven" in Chengdu after setting the plate for "Dacheng".
Li Xiong continued to implement the established principles and policies.
The Book of Jin records that Li Xiong "did not release the scrolls with his hands", was eager to learn and then did not know enough, so he could follow the advice as a stream.
At the beginning of the founding of the country, some people were once given official positions for offering gold and silver treasures. Among the courtiers was a courtier, who was similar to Wei Zheng's outspoken courtier, Yang Zhen ( 杨褒 ) , who was then a left servant , who thought it was very inappropriate , and advised: "Your Majesty is the prince of a country, and the officials under him must be talented people recruited from all over the world, so how can they use their official positions to sell money?" ”
Li Xiong thought that Yang Zhen was right, sincerely confessed his mistake to him and apologized.
Because of a drunkenness, Li Xiong also did something stupid, not only pushing and shoving Zhongshu Ling, but also beating the Taiguan Order. After waking up drunk, Yang Baojin said: "The Son of Heaven Mu Mu, the princes and emperors, each has its own prestige, as a Son of Heaven, drunk and troublesome, what is it like!" ”
Li Xiong has since quit drinking.
The country is stable, the economy is prosperous, and the population growth is an explicit reference.
The history books record that the Han population under the jurisdiction of "Dacheng" is grouped according to households, with left and right divisions, each leading household more than 200,000, so the total number of Han households is between 400,000 and 500,000, according to the average number of 3.99 people per household in the Shu Han Period, then, the total population of the Han nationality should be about 2 million people, which is already twice the population of the Shu Han. In addition, the total number of displaced people entering the river is also in the hundreds of thousands, and the ethnic minority tribal population in Yizhou has not yet been counted.
The Three Kingdoms of Shu Han, with the strength of one state, competed with the twelve states of Wei and Wu, and fought foreign wars for many years, exhausting national strength. Although Zhuge Liang ruled Shu well, the people were burdened with a heavy burden, could not increase taxes, and had to rely on the depreciation of the currency to maintain, but this was still a disguised exploitation, drinking and quenching thirst, and the result was that Shuzhong "wasted the masses, stripped the masses of qiang, labor was exhausted, and the people were overwhelmed."
The so-called "restoration of the Han Dynasty" is just a signboard, and what is to be achieved is only their own political ambitions, but what can be gambled is the happiness and well-being of the people in Shuzhong.
In the twenty-fourth year of Yuheng (334), Li Xiong died at the age of sixty-one, reigning for a total of thirty years. He reigned, and the people followed him through thirty years of peace, which was already a bow to him, and he could not control the affairs behind him. Because the succession problem was not well grasped, after his death, the country's power quickly turned from prosperity to decline.
Li Qiang said the last word, but unexpectedly buried the disaster. His last will was for his eldest brother Li Dang's son Li Ban to succeed to the throne, and a few months later his own son Li Qi intervened to kill Li Ban to stand on his own. Within a few years, Li Shou, the son of his uncle Li Jun, emerged and killed Li Qi. Li Shou was extravagant and absurd, and he was murderous. After his death, his son Li Shi succeeded to the throne, which was a greedy and cruel lord, and he killed and killed on a large scale, and the country's power was even weaker.
In 347, the Eastern Jin general Huan Wen led an army to attack, li Shizhan had no choice but to surrender, and his remnants were also swept away in 349.
Li Xiong's national name was "Cheng", and later Li Shou was renamed "Han", in order to avoid confusion and difficult to remember, we still call him "Cheng Han" is more accurate.
Tai Shi's nagging order testimonial: There are two observation angles for the evaluation of an emperor's achievements: First, from his personal point of view, to see whether he has calmed down the civil unrest, unified the country and the mountains, and opened up a large territory. In this regard, Qin Shi Huang and Genghis Khan were among the best. If you look at this point alone, Sima Yan, the emperor of the Jin Dynasty, played bigger than Cao Cao, Liu Bei, and Sun Quan; second, from the perspective of the people, to see if it could bring stability, but also wealth and peace, in this regard, there were three emperors, King Wen of Zhou, Emperor Wen of Han, Emperor Jing of Han, and Emperor Renzong of Song. Of course, those who can determine the chaos of war with one hand and create a prosperous world with the other hand are even more remarkable, which is also the fundamental reason why Han Guangwu and Tang Taizong are highly admired by future generations.
Reference Books: "Book of Jin", "Zizhi Tongjian", "History of the Southern and Northern Dynasties of the Two Jin Dynasties", "Wei Jin", "Jin Wuhu Zhi palm", "Wei Shu"