Editor's note: Who is Fan Quan? A seemingly unfamiliar name. I'm afraid that few people now know about this modern literary editor. Let's take a closer look at the articles of Han Shishan, Qin Hong, Wang Yaohua and Chen Liao.
Fan Quan Is an outstanding editor
Han Seok-san
Mr. Fan Quan is lucky. After suffering so much, he returned to Shanghai in his later years, found a good wife, and accompanied him through the rest of his life. Moreover, out of admiration for him, a middle-aged scholar assisted him in many things during his lifetime, and after his death, he edited and published the "Notes of Fan Quan's Editors", "Fan Quan's Commemorative Collection" and "Fan Quan's Late Writings". This person is Mr. Qin Hong, an expert in modern literature research who lives in Nantong. Born in 1916, died in 2002, in his later years he had his beloved wife to take care of him, and there were disciples to serve him, Mr. Fan can be said to have died without regrets. Can you really do it without regrets? I'm afraid I can't. Look at his early experiences.
In 1933, when he was studying at Guanghua Middle School in Shanghai, he began his editing career as an assistant editor of the semi-monthly magazine "Guanghua Attached Middle School", at the age of seventeen. In 1937, he was admitted to the Department of Journalism of Fudan University and served as the editor of the school magazine "Fudan". After graduating, he edited a variety of newspapers and periodicals. The most famous is "Spring and Autumn of Literature and Art", which was first published in a series and then a monthly magazine, and was published in October 1944 to the final issue in April 1949, with a total of forty-four issues, "which was the literary and art journal that lasted the longest in Shanghai and even in the entire National Unification Region in the 1940s, was basically published monthly, and included most of the important writers in the National Unification Region at that time, and the progressive tendencies were very clear." (Afterword of Qin Hong's "Fan Quan's Editor's Notes")
After liberation, Mr. Fan Quan worked in the shanghai publishing industry, but in the mid-1950s, because of a very ordinary sentence, he was branded a rightist and sent to Qinghai for labor reform. The experience after that, in his letter to me on January 6, 1996, was briefly recounted: I put on the hat of a rightist at the age of forty-two and exiled me in Qinghai for a full twenty years, without going through the most fruitful prime-age period, and by the time I was rehabilitated, I had already entered old age. It was like having a nightmare, and I was forced to waste twenty years. When the car of Qinghai Normal University took me from the Lama Monastery to Xining, the capital of Qinghai Province, I woke up from the nightmare and saw a lot of new things, prompting me to fight for another ten years in spite of my old age. I was transferred back to the original publishing system in Shanghai in 1986. I brought two batches of graduate students to Qinghai and edited a language journal. After returning to Shanghai, he mainly edited a set of 20 million words and 30 volumes of the "Department of Modern Chinese Literature", and together with Ke Ling, he edited a set of "Literature and History Exploration Book Series". Not all, but also to add the famous "Dictionary of Modern Chinese Literary Societies" edited by him.
It was in order to buy this book that I wrote to its publishing office ——— shanghai bookstore to get in touch with Mr. Fan Quan. As soon as I got in touch, I realized that this was an old man with a hot sausage. At that time, the book was no longer seen on the market, but in a cultural institution, there were many survivors. There seems to be a provision internally that all those who participate in the matter can enjoy a 40% discount. In his letter to me, Mr. Fan said that he had called the cultural institution and said that Han Shishan was the unsigned compiler of the book, had written several entries, and asked me to explain this when sending money, so that I could enjoy the discount. Later, I did use this method to buy the book very cheaply. This is a very useful book. In a sense, it can be described as a palm chart of modern Chinese literature.
As early as when I wrote the biography of Li Jianwu, I knew Fan Quanqi. I remember that near liberation, people in Shanghai's cultural circles often gathered together to analyze the situation and discuss countermeasures, and the responsible persons of the two large literary publications in Shanghai would always attend, li Jianwu or Zheng Zhenduo on the "Renaissance" side, and Mr. Fan Quan on the "Spring and Autumn of Literature and Art" side. This time, I wanted to buy the "Dictionary of Modern Chinese Literary Societies" in order to write the "Biography of Xu Zhimo".
Probably in a letter to him, I said what I used to buy books, and in subsequent correspondences, he gave me many clues about Xu Zhimo's information. It is as meticulous as it is to your own children and nephews. And transcribe a few paragraphs.
Providing a few pieces of information about Xu Zhimo may be useful for you to write the book "The Biography of Xu Zhimo".
(1) Xu Zhimo's son Xu Jikai (Chinese-American) has donated Xu Zhimo's former residence (643.53 square meters) on Jiashiganhe Street in zhejiang to the state to build the "Xu Zhimo Memorial Hall". (See South Lake Evening News, January 1, 1997)
(2) On January 14 this year, Haining City held the "100th Anniversary Of the Birth of Poet Xu Zhimo", at which two books were printed: the "Commemorative Album" compiled by the Haining CPPCC and the "Xu Zhimo Research" compiled by the Haining Celebrity Research Association.
(3) (Omitted)
(4) On August 8, 1943, the "JoongAng Daily" said: "After the tragic death of Xu Zhimoshi, the ancestor of the Crescent Moon Sect, the body was buried in his hometown of Jiaoshi. In the spring, his friend Yang Xing buddha came to his tomb and wrote a poem hanging on it: "The Fan Temple is tired and the pagoda protects the Eastern Mountain, and the romantic poet does not return it." Dead is easy to seek middle age, and it is difficult for people to get a coffin cold! The trail in the clouds knows what it is, and the feelings are even worse after the farewell. Today's solo travel is very bitter, and it may continue to be happy. Soon, Yang's clan was stabbed, and the poem turned out to be a proverb. (January 24, 1997 to Han Seok-san)
The 65th issue of the Xiuzhou Bookstore Newsletter said: "Taiwan's Haining Hometown Newsletter (No. 36) introduces the works of Zhang Bangmei (Zhang Youyi's niece and granddaughter): "Little Feet and Suits: The Family Changes of Zhang Youyi and Xu Zhimo". "I don't know if I saw it?" (Addressed to Han Shishan, September 15, 1997)
When I sorted out the old newspaper today, I found that there was a reprint of Xu Zhimo in the Writers' Daily (Jinan, Shandong) published last year. The article introduces Xu's excellent characters such as tolerance, non-formality, not stinginess, not snobbishness, a sense of justice, helping others, enthusiasm and frankness, etc., very thoroughly introduced, cut out for your reference. If you've already collected this kind of material, throw it away. (To Han Shishan, September 19, 1997)
I found the article "Xu Zhimo's Brilliant Pen", which is now copied and attached, and can be used for illustration before the article.
The article "Xu Zhimo and Shen Congwen", which I have read, is very important and you must refer to it. I thought you would see it, so I didn't cut it. Now that you have read the letter and know that you have not seen it, please reply quickly and tell me the source of the article, because I have forgotten what newspaper to see. When I receive the letter, I will find out again. The phone number at my apartment is... Radio indication is available at any time. (Addressed to Han Seok-san, May 5, 1999)
Okay, couldn't copy anymore, tears blurred my eyes.
The last letter was written in May 1999, and according to Mr. Qin Hong, the editor of Fan Quan's Collected Letters in His Later Years, although Mr. Fan died in 2000, he could no longer write in the winter of the previous year.
Therefore, a thick copy of Fan Quan's Collected Letters in His Later Years does not contain letters written in 2000. In other words, when he wrote the last letter to me, he endured the great pain of cancer.
Those two years were the period when I was collecting materials for writing the biography of Xu Zhimo. The information provided by Mr. Fan is very important and very timely. The Chinese translation of the "Commemorative Album" compiled by the Haining CPPCC, the "Xu Zhimo Study" compiled by the Haining Celebrity Research Association, and the Chinese translation of "Little Feet and Suits: Zhang Youyi and Xu Zhimo's Family Changes" written by Zhang Bangmei have all managed to get them. Without this important information, it does not mean that I can't write Xu Biography, at least not so quickly into the writing stage. Most importantly, his enthusiastic guidance of the elderly increased my confidence in writing "The Biography of Xu Zhimo".
I don't know the specific time of Mr. Fan Quan's death, but I only remember that not long after, Mr. Qin Hong wrote a letter saying that he wanted to compile a "Memorial Collection of Mr. Fan Quan", and I remember that I once wrote a short article and asked me to send the electronic text over. I sent it, Mr. Qin Hong said it was too short, asked if it could be extended, I had just taken over the "Shanxi Literature" at that time, busy with editing, could not take care of it, politely refused. It is gratifying to talk about it, two or three years later, it is still for Mr. Fan's old reputation case.
A cultural person like Mr. Fan, who participated in progressive cultural undertakings in his early years and was bullied for no reason after liberation, in his twilight years, the most important thing is his posthumous name. What happened to Mr. Fan Quan was another very tricky thing: he was severely criticized by Xu Guangping. Being criticized by Madame Lu Xun, although it is not as unforgivable as being criticized by Lu Xun, it is enough to nest.
Because in the eyes of ordinary people, Xu Guangping is also similar to a political symbol, and there will never be a mistake. In this way, the criticism of Xu Guangping, from before liberation to his comeback after the Cultural Revolution, became the basis for some people to criticize Mr. Fan Quan, and it also became a knot that Mr. Fan Quan could not unravel until his death.
Let's briefly explain the origin of the matter.
In the spring of 1943, when Shanghai was still under Japanese rule, Fan Quan proposed to translate the biography of Lu Xun written by the Japanese scholar Oda Yuefu out of admiration for Lu Xun. For this reason, he paid a special visit to Mr. Xu Guangping, got Xu's praise, and gave him guidance at any time in the process of translation. He also bought eggs for Fan to nourish his body. While Fan Quan was flipping through the manuscript and revising it, he serialized it in "Spring and Autumn of Literature and Art". In September 1946, the book was published by Enlightened Bookstore. A month later, the All-China Literary and Art Circles Anti-Enemy Association held the "Tenth Anniversary Commemoration Conference of Lu Xun's Death" at the Charlton Theater in Shanghai, and each participant received a Chinese translation of "Lu Xun's Biography" donated by the conference. Well-known personalities from all walks of life attending the meeting included Zhou Enlai, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Ye Shengtao, Hu Feng, Jia Zhifang, Ren Min, and Xu Guangping.
However, a year later, things suddenly changed.
In September 1947, Xu Guangping, in the preface to Wang Shijing's Biography of Lu Xun, denounced Fan Quan's translation and biography——— before the Japanese translation of Lu Xun's biography was published, he did have the honor of seeing it firsthand, and also lent several Lu Xun works on behalf of him to examine some of Lu Xun's works. But somehow, when "Spring and Autumn of Literature and Art" was introduced, the afterword of the editor insisted that it was "edited by Xu Guangping". Deal with it: This is not a "proofreading" because I have not proofread the Japanese or the translation and asked for corrections in the next time. When the next issue of "Spring and Autumn of Literature and Art" arrived, I opened the editor's afterword and looked at it, which was even better, to the effect that Xu Guangping did not proofread from Japanese, but she edited it.
What is this, I don't know Japanese, but I am not afraid to pretend to be some big celebrity to hang up a revised empty title to be proud? It was a world ruled by the Japanese, and I had no place to make a correction. It was tolerated until the enlightened bookstore published the single book, and it was still advertised that it was proofread. But I could not make a special statement for this little thing, thanking this "Biography of Lu Xun" for asking me to say a few words, so I thought of it, and by the way washed away from my own hands the uneasiness of the conscience that had been stolen and proofread for several years.
This preface was also published in the sixth issue of the second volume of The Time and The Text, published on October 17, 1947.
Fan Quan stopped drying up, and in the eighth issue of "Shi Youwen" published on the 31st of the same month, he published a rebuttal article "A Statement of Facts on the Biography of Lu Xun". It is said that "the translator does not dare to lose his conscience and distort the facts." Then, in the tenth issue of "Time and Literature" published on November 14 of the same year, Xu Guangping published "There Are Still a Few Words to Say about the Biography of Lu Xun", but still adhered to his original attitude and did not change his words slightly. Because one of the parties was Xu Guangping, this was a high-profile literary event at the time.
Clear-eyed people can see at a glance that in this lawsuit, whether to edit or not is really not an important issue, and some of Xu's statements are not all facts, such as Xu said, "Until the time when the Enlightened Bookstore published the single book, it was still advertised that it was ordered by our school." The truth is that the cover of the enlightened edition of Lu Xun's biography and the copyright page of the book do not have Xu Guangping's proofreading. During the translation, how to get Xu Guangping's support and help, and later elsewhere, Fan Quan's account of the matter was more detailed. It is said that after Xu Guangping was released from prison, he went to visit, and it was a coincidence that Mr. Uchiyama also came to see Mr. Xu and talked about translating the "Biography of Lu Xun", and Mr. Uchiyama asked him to show the translation to Mr. Xu in the future. Xu was very happy. After that, despite the pain, he spent a lot of time reading the translation and lending Fan Quan a lot of reference materials. Sometimes on the way home from the hospital for injections, I also came to Fan's house (afraid that Fan often went to Xu's house and attracted the attention of Japanese and pseudo agents) to tell many anecdotes about Mr. Lu Xun related to the translation, and where the original work did not match the facts, he used a note to write out his opinions separately, sandwiched in different places of the translation, so that Fan could correct them one by one. Thanks to Xu's teaching and help, this translation has subtracted many errors. Anyone has to believe it, it's true. Obviously, Xu Guangping was so angry and rebuked Fan Quan, there must be something else hidden. Fan Quan also knew this, but it was inconvenient to say it. That is, when it came to the autumn of 1947, an evil wind emerged from nowhere, saying that he was a "Nanjing spy", that is, a cultural agent.
In the cultural circles of Shanghai at that time, Xu Guangping's identity was extremely special. It can be said that her every move, what she supports, what she opposes, is not determined by her own feelings. This is quite similar to the situation in the years before Lu Xun's death. For example, those people that Lu Xun opposed at that time, such as Hu Shi, Liang Shiqiu and other old opponents, he knew everything in his heart, and like Ye Lingfeng, Shi Jingcun, and Zhang Kebiao, what kind of attitude to take, I am afraid it is not what his old man can understand. What to judge can only be the people around him who are "organizing". At this time, Xu Guangping was in such a situation, and how to treat Fan Quan could only listen to the guidance of those who were "organizing". As long as the people in the "organization" secretly demonstrated that they were "Nanjing secret agents", Xu naturally knew how to be righteous and stern. At this time, no matter what example Fan Quan gave, it was all in vain.
Suddenly, more than fifty years have passed. Until his death, although Mr. Fan Quan said this many times in the article, it was still a confused account in the sense of "Zhaoxue".
Mr. Qin Hong knew of his teacher's heart disease, and two years after Mr. Fan Quan's death, he wrote "A Dispute between Xu Guangping and Fan Quan on the Biography of Lu Xun", which was published in the "Wenhui Reading Weekly" published on May 10, 2002. At first, I did not pay attention, but a scholar named Ge Zhongyi wrote an article and posted it to Shanxi Literature, which caught my attention. Although Mr. Ge's article was a refutation of Mr. Qin Hong, I still published it. I believe that the more you say, the more you say, the more you argue.
Sure enough, I soon received Mr. Li Dan's rebuttal to the long article "Revisiting the Dispute between Xu Guangping and Fan Quan", and I remembered that it seemed that Mr. Qin Hong had transferred it. Naturally, I was quick to log out. Later, mr. Zhu Jinshun's "I Hope to Stop the Controversy Over the Translation of Lu Xun's Biography" was also published. With these articles, I believe, the mystery in this should be revealed to the world.
Mr. Fan Quan is not only an outstanding editor, but also an excellent writer. In the 1940s, he published many collections of essays such as "River Water" and "The Green of the Northern Country", and many literary treatises such as "Creation Theory" and "Language and Writing". In the year of his death, he published "Remembering Taiwan——— Fan Quan's Collection of Essays" in Taiwan. Some scholars believe that Mr. Fan Quan is a genius editor and writer, which is indeed reasonable. One of my biggest exclamations is that when that generation did great things and became famous, it was so young!
Finally, I would like to say that his wife, Ms. Wu Zhao, is also a writer whose works have been published long before liberation. After Mr. Fan Quan's death, I also published Teacher Wu's novel works in Shanxi Literature. The writing is delicate and warm, and it is very personal. In the 1940s, she fell in love with Mr. Fan Quan, until Mr. Fan returned from hard labor in Qinghai, and when she was nearly seventy years old, the two married each other, which should be said to be a good story in the world.
I have compiled five books for Mr. Fan Quan
Chin Hung
Since the early 1980s, I have had many contacts with Mr. Fan Quan, a modern literary editor. Especially after he was transferred back to Shanghai, we had the opportunity to have more contact, so we gradually became familiar with him. In the long period of interaction, I learned about his outstanding contributions to modern Chinese literature. In the 1940s, he edited "Spring and Autumn of Literature and Art", which was the longest lasting literary journal in Shanghai at that time, and even in the entire Kuomintang region, basically published on a monthly basis, including the vast majority of important writers in the Guotong region at that time, and the progressive tendency was very distinct, which had a wide impact on the literary circles at that time and also occupied a certain position in the history of modern literature and modern publishing in China. However, after the founding of New China, he suffered 22 years of belittling and exile because Hu Feng falsely accused him of being a "Nanjing spy" in the "Book of 300,000 Words". When he returned to Shanghai from Qinghai after the "Cultural Revolution", he was 70 years old, but he still devoted himself to the heavy work of editing the "Department of Modern Chinese Literature" with selfless labor, and finally, the 30-volume, 20-million-word "Department of Modern Chinese Literature" won the Honorary Award of the National Book Award issued by the Press and Publication Administration of the People's Republic of China, which once again showed Fan Quan's extraordinary style and brilliant achievements as an editor. I know very well that Fan Quan's desperate work in this way is the strong release of his work enthusiasm that has been suppressed for too long for no reason, and he wants to make up for the losses that have been wasted for decades, and try to do more for the society and the people in his lifetime. In addition to the "Department of Modern Chinese Literature", he also edited the "Life of the Old Man of Culture", "Dictionary of Genres of Modern Chinese Literary Societies", "Literature and History Exploration Book Series" (in cooperation with Ke Ling), "Zhu Shenghao's "Small Talks" Collection, etc., all of which are immeasurable acts of merit to fill the academic gap or rescue literary historical materials.
But the time god left him was too limited, and just as he was hesitating to show his skills further, cancer brutally stripped him of his life. In fact, he also has many grand writing plans, he wants to write a long novel based on his exile life in Qinghai, he wants to record his interactions with many cultural celebrities in decades of editorial work, he also wants to organize his books published and published over the years, and so on. However, he poured his most exuberant energy and precious time into the major projects of the country's cultural undertakings in his later years, so that most of his own writing plans became permanent regrets.
As a friend of his later years, as a junior who had been loved and supported by him, I deeply regretted his regrets and thought about what I should do for him. But some of his plans can only be completed by himself, and others cannot overstep their bounds, and all I can do is organize the data. Therefore, in the following years, I successively compiled five books for him: "Fan Quan Memorial Collection", "Fan Quan's Editor's Notes", "Fan Quan's Literary and Art Treatise", "Si Yuan Unforgettable" (Fan Quan's Prose Selection) and "Fan Quan's Later Writings".
I. Fan Quan Memorial Collection
After Fan Quan died in January 2000, his friends were very sad. Everyone felt that Fan Quan was a person with capital letters, a person who would always be worthy of people's commemoration, so from September of that year, Pan Songde and I cooperated in editing this "Fan Quan Memorial Collection". Immediately after our letter of appointment was sent, it was widely and enthusiastically received. Many new and old friends enthusiastically wrote about their exchanges and friendships with Fan Quan, or recorded Fan Quan's high style and bright festivals, immortal achievements and selfless help to themselves, or poured out their infinite nostalgia for Fan Quan. In particular, some elderly authors, such as Zang Kejia, Jia Zhifang, Ding Jingtang, etc., have overcome various difficulties to complete; Biye's eyes have almost gone blind, but he has "through the pupil shimmer grass" commemorative article (see Biye's january 3, 2001 letter); Sikkim suffered from a serious heart attack, still despite the doctor's advice and family discouragement, every day lying on the table to write a difficult manuscript, although in the end failed to complete, but his affection for his old friend is still touching. Zhou Erfu is an old senior at Fanquan Guanghua University, and the two have maintained a deep friendship for many years, and he has pinned his deep contemplation on the old friends who have been friends for decades with a unique inscription. There are also Chen Yingzhen in Taiwan, Wang Yitao in Hong Kong, Luo Hong, Xu Kailei and Song Yuanfang in Shanghai, Yuan Ying and Fan Yong in Beijing, and many other authors from all over the world, as well as Fan Quan's wives, children, relatives and students, who have given strong support. The authors recorded Fan Quan's character, spirit, experience and achievements from their own perspectives, described Fan Quan in everyone's mind, and each text was a song of true feelings, a song of friendship, which was breathtaking and touching.
The book has been published for many years and is still popular with readers, so Pan Songde and I, with the support of Fan Quan's widow Wu Jiao, have revised and supplemented it, and it will be republished by the Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House within this year.
II. Fan Quan's Editor's Notes
As a well-known editor with outstanding achievements, Fan Quan's life is linked to literary editing work. With his hard work and obvious achievements, he has made great contributions to the cause of modern Chinese literature editing and publishing. In order to comprehensively reflect fan quan's lifelong editorial performance as an editor, as well as the editorial spirit, editing style and editing art that ran through his entire editing career, I collected and sorted out the relevant texts written by him in decades of editing work as much as possible and compiled a "Fan Quan Editing Notes".
The book is divided into five series. The first is the editor's self-statement, which is a compilation of Fan Quan's self-descriptions or impressions when he was editing newspapers and periodicals, as well as his memoirs written about his editing career in his later years. The second is the editor's appendices, including the editor's ideas, the editor's words, the editor's afterword, the editor's note, the notice, the post and so on. The third is advertising information, including promotional texts written for relevant books, as well as about the latest situation of writers, literary trends, and publication news. The fourth is the diary letters. Here is a compilation of the only diary that Fan Quan has survived during his lifetime. It records the ten years of life of his editor-in-chief of the "Department of Modern Chinese Literature". His persistent pursuit of his career, his tireless and dedicated selfless spirit, his close friendship with many literary teachers and friends, and even his sweet and happy family life in his later years are all briefly and clearly reflected here, and it is a precious and important material for understanding and studying this famous literary editor. In terms of letters, a few letters talking about the editor's concentration were selected. Fifth, the main newspaper and periodical series of books catalogs. Except for a few that cannot be found, such as "Student Life", the catalogues of newspapers, periodicals, books and books edited by Fan Quan (independent or co-editor-in-chief) are readily available. In particular, it is worth mentioning that when Fan Quan edited the "Department of Modern Chinese Literature" and "The Life of the Old Man of Culture", he also compiled a mimeograph briefing, which created an effective method of brainstorming and unifying the pace for compiling large-scale series of books. The catalogues of the two briefings are also included.
Chen Liao made a preface to the book, in which he said: "This is the first editing master's "Editor's Handbook" in China, which is more groundbreaking and pioneering value. In terms of its practicality, young people who are already editors or who are interested in choosing an editor's career can be competent editors by learning this "Editor's Notes" well and practicing it. Therefore, this book is a generous gift for contemporary editors and future generations. ”
III. Fan Quan's Literary and Art Treatise
Fan Quan is known as an outstanding modern literary editor, but few people know that he also has good achievements in literary theory research and literary criticism. In order to show Quan Quan's achievements in this regard and let the literary circles and readers have a comprehensive understanding of him, I compiled a "Fan Quan Literary and Art Treatise" for him.
Fan Quan is not a professional theoretical worker, he is only in the work of striving for progressive literary career, combined with his own editing, creation and translation business, he has made some theoretical thinking and literary research on some issues. However, it is precisely because he pays close attention to social reality, closely integrates with the progressive literary movement, and is in the midst of the great tide of the times that is stirring with wind and thunder, his literary theory and literary criticism not only have a distinct tendency and a powerful fighting spirit, but also take on a rather rich and colorful form, and have their own unique contributions. Here, of course, there is no shortage of articles such as "The New Theory of Zhou Zuoren" and "Resistance to Construction and Literary and Artistic Tendencies" that use pens to throw guns and directly stab the enemy's key points, and there are also many excellent works that uphold a correct view of literature and art and analyze and study the problems that have arisen in the actual literary and art movement. In particular, "On Taiwan Literature", published just after the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, was the first article in the Chinese literary circles to discuss the inclusion of Taiwanese literature in the category of modern Chinese literature, and it laid the cornerstone of the study of modern Literature in Taiwan, and its significance and influence are immeasurable; and the discussion and research on the creation of novels and the analysis and criticism of some world famous works, because of their in-depth and simple writing, follow the rules and temptations of the pen, also have a positive effect on guiding literary youth to improve their level of appreciation and creation. As for his research and commentary on the history and current situation of literature and art in Korea, India, Japan, Vietnam, Thailand, Mongolia and many other countries outside the region in the 1940s, it is even more spectacular, and people can't help but marvel at the breadth of his vision and the solidity of his efforts. The reason why Fan Quan has achieved outstanding achievements in editing work and why he can become an editor who is welcomed by the majority of authors and readers, reading these theoretical texts, it is not difficult for people to have a deeper understanding.
IV. "Unforgettable"
Around June 2004, the third series of the "Open Volume Wencong" was willing to give Fan Quan a place, and I was very happy to hear the news, so I compiled a selected essay for him, named "Si Yuan Unforgettable".
Fan Quan also wrote a large number of prose essays in his lifetime, scattered in many newspapers and magazines, only published in the collection of essays, in the 1940s there were "Green North Country", "Remembering taiwan's anger", "Genesis", "The Day of Turning Over", and after the 90s, he published two books, "Wenhai Gun Smoke" and "Distant Thoughts on Taiwan". However, this "Unforgettable Fate" is not a selection of the above-mentioned prose collections, and most of the works it collects are collections of foreign texts, such as "Night Bucket Garbage Pit - Qinghai Thirty Years of Life Fragments No. 4" and "Deep Mourning for Pan Yu and Teacher" and other articles have never been published. The book is divided into three series. The first series of literary teachers. Of the 27 essays included, Mao Dun, Ai Wu, Ye Shengtao, Lu Yan, Xia Junzun, Blade Feng, Lu Simian, Zhu Ziqing, Ye Junjian, and others were written in Wenhai Gun Smoke, and some had new content. In particular, the two articles "Visiting Shi Jicun" and "Visiting Ba Jin", extracted from the author's diary, are extremely sincere and precious works. The second series of articles on life walks, from different angles and sides of the author's literary life. The third series of prologue essays includes 16 prefaces and reading essays written by the author for himself and his friends. Overall, the book is roughly a side note of the author's lifelong reading, writing, and editing.
V. "Fan Quan's Later Writings"
Fan Quan wrote in his diary: "Many writers' manuscripts are exchanged for many of their own letters. This roughly tells the mystery of the fact that the journal he edits will be widely supported by writers' friends. Therefore, for Fan Quan, the large number of letters he wrote is undoubtedly an aspect of his literary editing activities. To this end, on the basis of extensive solicitation, I compiled this "Brief Introduction to Fan Quan's Later Years".
A total of 282 letters were received for the book. With the exception of a letter to his old friend Kong, these letters were mainly written in the 20 years leading up to his rehabilitation. Recipients include his colleagues, students, relatives, and new and old friends in all walks of life and at all levels. Its content is extremely extensive and rich, mainly in four aspects: First, the letters written when he was engaged in literary editing work, which shows that he has many excellent qualities such as enthusiasm, seriousness, meticulousness, and rigor as an old editor, showing the personality spirit and academic charm of an outstanding editor. The second is something about his literary writing. For example, in some letters to Zhu Shanggang, they talked about the search and publication of Zhu Shanggang's "small talks" published in the old newspaper in connection with his father Zhu Shenghao, as well as the fact that he wrote Zhu Shenghao's reminiscences, and at this time, when his own cancer recurrence was at stake and the pain was devastating. The third is a review of his own life history and editorial work, such as the trouble with Hu Feng's "Nanjing secret agent" and his struggle, and the editing style of his editor-in-chief of the "Spring and Autumn period of Literature and Art", and so on. The fourth is warm care and help for friends. In short, the book clearly reflects how an old intellectual who has been engaged in literary publishing all his life pursues ideals, strives hard, and dedicates all his hard work and even his life to society and the people without reservation. In this sense, the book can not only give literary researchers, but also to the vast number of young readers to provide multi-faceted education and enlightenment.
Over the years, I have spent a lot of effort and energy on writing books for Fan Quan, and the bitterness in it is difficult to say a word, but I still enjoy it. Because I don't think an editor like this who has devoted his life to literature and publishing should not be forgotten. As Mr. Jia Zhifang pointed out in the preface to "Fan Quan's Later Writings": "The glorious achievements he left behind in the history of editing and publishing, the history of literature and the history of translation in our country, his diligent and diligent, down-to-earth and meticulous professionalism, and the tenacious fighting spirit of ceaseless life and continuous work are worthy of our eternal commemoration, inheritance and development!" ”
Published in Expo Books, No. 8, 2009
Fan Quan and the people and things involved
Wang Yaohua
Recently, reading "Fan Quan Memorial Collection" (edited by Qin Hong and Pan Songde, published by Shanghai Bookstore Publishing House in October 2013), 520,000 words, 636 pages, I read it several times before and after, and always wanted to sort out Mr. Fan Quan's life experience, whether it was his success or frustration. Most of the content of this book was published by the China Three Gorges Publishing House in 2000, and I have read it too.
Fan Quan is Xu Wei's pen name, because the pen name is more famous than the original name, so Mr. Fan's real name is little known. Mr. Fan was born in 1916 in Shanghai and died in January 2000. He has edited magazines such as "Literature and Art Spring and Autumn" and served as the head of the editorial department of Yongxiang Printing House.
Mr. Yu Zilin once recalled that one day in the early 1980s, he saw an old man who came to lu Zuyao, Lin Guohua and other students from the original publishing school. Recognizing him as Fan Quan (whom he met in the printing union in the fifties), in order to reminisce, he agreed to visit him at the guest house where he was staying at night:
In the second floor room of the Ruijin Second Road Science and Technology Publishing House Guest House, I talked to him on my knees for more than an hour, basically listening to him. ...... I said to him: You want to try to get back to Shanghai. Here is your home, your business. Why didn't the Publishing Bureau send you out and not bring you back?
It's certainly not that simple. In the past political movements, many people from Shanghai were sent to other places, and few people were able to return. For the next two or three years, I was in regular contact with him, knowing that he was trying to find a way to return to Shanghai. It was not until July 3, 1985, that he told me in a letter: "I have been transferred to Shanghai in the south, and the Organization Department of the (Shanghai) Municipal Party Committee has sent a letter, and the two ministers of the Qinghai Organization Department have signed and approved it. It is estimated that it can be adjusted within the year. Another year later, on August 11, 1986, he was officially transferred to the Shanghai Bookstore.
I learned afterwards that he was able to return to Shanghai with the help of his colleague in the municipal trade union in the 1950s and now director of the Shanghai Municipal Veteran Cadre Bureau, Jin Guozheng. When he went to the Shanghai Municipal Publishing Bureau to report, Song Yuanfang, secretary of the bureau's party committee, said to him: You can go to the Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, and the Shanghai Bookstore is not yet a publishing house at this time. Fan Quan still chose the Shanghai Bookstore. I think this includes his friendship, trust and support for me, and there are reasons why he thinks there is a place for him.
In this way, because of the preparation of Mr. Yu Zilin, the help of Director Jin Guozheng and the implementation of Secretary Song Yuanfang, Mr. Fan began the "second spring" of his publishing life in Shanghai, and presided over the editing and publishing of a set of twelve episodes, thirty volumes, and more than 20 million words of the "Department of Modern Chinese Literature".
Mr. Liu Jin wrote: In early 1955, someone (whose name was hidden. Therefore, the people themselves were later wronged) in the "Book of 300,000 Words" revealed that Fan Quan and another cultural person were "Nanjing spies". So in the subsequent purge campaign, Fan Quan was suspended for review. In Shanghai in the 1940s, because of the compilation of the supplement "Fortress", he "unabashedly waged a white-knife war with the enemy and the hypocrites", offended the enemy and the puppets, and then offended the Three Youth League, and was almost assassinated; Fan Quan, who was dismissed from the newspaper because of his "suspicion of the Communist Party", was suddenly suspected by the revolutionary comrades of being a "secret agent" of the Kuomintang. Fortunately, the review lasted for more than two years, and without solid evidence, the review was stopped and the work resumed. The next step is to engage in "loud banging" to help the party rectify the work style.
Fan Quan "mingled" and said: "The purge movement should be investigated first and then examined, and should not be examined first and then investigated." It was precisely this sentence that in the ensuing "anti-rightist" struggle, he was considered to be an "anti-purge movement", and was beaten into a "rightist", dismissed from his post, and exiled to Qinghai.
Mr. Fan is exiled to Qinghai? At that time, the expression was that the Shanghai publishing industry supported the construction of Qinghai's publishing industry. "In response to the call of the municipal party committee to vigorously support the outside world", in 1958, the twelve units of the Shanghai publishing system (including fan's Shanghai Printing School) "had more than 100 cadres go to Qinghai around December 10 to support the construction of the Great Northwest", and Mr. Fan was one of them.
Because the phrase "the purge campaign should be investigated first and then reviewed, and should not be examined first and then investigated" defines the right wing? It seems that the support of historical materials and archives is still needed, and I feel that this sentence is just a reason for Mr. Fan to be "shot".
How did Mr. Fan get accused of being a "Nanjing spy"? In the "Report on the Practice of Literature and Art Since Liberation" (the famous "300,000 Words" book), which mr. Hu Feng completed in July 1954 and published by the "Literature and Art Daily" in the spring of 1955, he accused Fan Quan of "Nanjing Secret Agent Fan Quan's Editor-in-Chief of "Literature and Art Spring and Autumn", "Doing ... What Rodin called the literary and artistic undertaking of "frowning and pretending to seduce the masses".
As a result, Mr. Fan underwent criticism and censorship, and in February 1955, the Shanghai Light Industry Trade Union made a "Report on Xu Wei's Final Case", which held that "Xu Wei was not found to have participated in a reactionary party group, nor was there any political and organizational connection with Zhan Wenhu." ”
So, what is the relationship between Mr. Fan and Zhan Wenhu? Shortly after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945, Mr. Fan cooperated with Zhan Wenhu, the commissioner of the Kuomintang Central Propaganda Department in Shanghai. Zhan Wenhu was the editor-in-chief of The China-Us daily during Shanghai's "Isolated Island" period, and Fan Quan edited the supplement "Fortress" under him. After Commissioner Zhan arrived in Shanghai, Mr. Fan was invited to assist in his work in his office, providing the basic information of the Wang pseudo-cultural circles in the occupied areas, translating and introducing the titles and contents of the Japanese books he received.
In June 1988, the unjust case of the "Hu Feng counter-revolutionary clique" was completely rehabilitated, and in November of that year, the "New Literary Historical Materials" republished Hu Feng's "Report on the Practice of Literature and Art Since Liberation", and the so-called accusations such as "Nanjing Secret Agent Fan Quan's Editor-in-Chief "Literature and Art Spring and Autumn" are still in sight. Fan Quan wrote a letter to the editorial office of the New Literary Historical Materials to protest, "May I ask: Is this practice of not making any explanation 'responsible for history'?" When will an unjust case like mine be completely rehabilitated? In the face of Mr. Fan's protests, Hu Feng's wife Mei Zhi wrote to the editorial department of the New Literary Historical Materials, acknowledging that Hu Feng's "Book of 300,000 Words" "mentioned 'Nanjing secret agent Fan Quan' based on rumors and there is no exact material", for which he "apologized to Fan Quan".
It's just that we still don't know when the wind of "Nanjing Secret Agent" began to wind? Where is the source of the wind? However, Zhan Wenhu and Hu Feng seem to be the two characters who determined Mr. Fan's life experience after 1949.
Ms. Wu Was related to Mr. Fan in her later years, and she told the story of her marriage with Mr. Fan in "The Days with Fan Quan". In 1947, she visited Mr. Fan's home to submit articles, and in 1948, when her son was full moon, she invited Mr. Fan and others to drink together. "Where did Fan Quan go after liberation?" I no longer had the opportunity to see him. "In 1982, thirty-five years after the gap, Fan Quan asked his good friend Qin Hong to visit the Wu family." To thank Fan Quan for his concern for me, I began correspondence with him. "In 1986, when she was traveling in Lanzhou, she went to Xining alone to meet Mr. Fan," I heard Fan Quan's narration, and that night, I slept in the bed in the small room for a long time. Near the end of the year, Mr. Fan was transferred back to Shanghai.
"In early 1993, he wrote to me to confide in his inner pain. He said he and his wife had incompatible personalities and often quarreled. Separated for more than a decade. He insisted on a divorce, and the lawsuit has been fought for three years." Fan Quan divorced in September 1993, married Wu Zhao in November, and moved into the apartment of Wu Zhao's Moutai Road...
This article is excerpted from the Reading Chronicle
After death, he continued to live" Cultural Man- After reading the Fan Quan Anthology
Chen Liao
The great French writer Babisei (1873-1935) said it well that for the cultural man, "the important thing is to continue to live after death." Fan Quan, a famous editor, writer, literary theorist, and translator, is a cultural celebrity who "continues to live after death". After reading "Fan Quan's Collected Works" (edited by Qin Hong, published by Shanghai Bookstore Publishing House in March 2015), it was Babiser's words that flashed through my mind.
Fan Quan (1916-2000) edited many magazines and newspaper supplements in his early years, but he was well-known in the editorial circles because of the "Spring and Autumn Series of Literature and Art" edited from October 1944, which made the intellectual youth who had been in the dark and occupied areas for a long time refreshed, inspired, and saw the future. After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the "Literature and Art Spring and Autumn Series" was changed to the regularly published monthly magazine "Literature and Art Spring and Autumn". Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Ba Jin, Ye Shengtao, Wang Tongzhao and a large number of other progressive writers wrote for the "Spring and Autumn Series of Literature and Art" and "Spring and Autumn of Literature and Art". Whoever wants to study the literature and art of the occupied areas from October 1944 to April 1949 and the literature and art of the nationalist areas must refer to the "Literature and Art Spring and Autumn Series" and "Literature and Art Spring and Autumn". This is the glorious era of Fan Quan's editing career. After the founding of New China, Fan Quan devoted himself wholeheartedly to the cause of construction. However, in 1955, Fan Quan was suspected of being a "Nanjing secret agent" (a Kuomintang agent) and subjected to two and a half years of key scrutiny. Although the results of the examination negated the "false accusation" of "Nanjing secret agent", in 1957, Fan Quan only said in the song that "the purge movement should not be examined first and then investigated", and was put on the hat of "rightist" and exiled to Qinghai for labor reform for twenty-two years, where he was tortured and repeatedly escaped from the border line of death. He was not rehabilitated until 1979, at the age of sixty-two. In 1986, he was transferred back to Shanghai. Under the difficult conditions of having only one young assistant, he spent a full ten years successfully compiling a "Department of Modern Chinese Literature" with 20 million words, 12 special collections, and 30 volumes. The book was published in August 1996. It is connected with the published "New Chinese Literature Series", "the only authoritative giant series of modern literature books in China so far", and won the Honorary Award of the National Book Award. "The successful compilation of the book has become another monument in Fan Quan's editorial career after "Spring and Autumn of Literature and Art."" (Fan Quan's Collected Writings and Publication Notes) As an editor, Fan Quan "continued to live after death."
Fan Quan is not generally dedicated to editing work, but has a dedication to editing work "nine deaths and no regrets". Before his death, he endured cancer and compiled "Remote Reading of Taiwan"; in order to commemorate the young author he had once promoted, he "pushed the pen in his right hand with the index finger of his left hand and wrote the last article of his life" ("Fan Quan's Letter to Chen Yingzhen", "Remote Reading Of Taiwan", p. 7). By November 17, 1999, when Fan Quan wrote his third letter to Chen Yingzhen, "Because I have undergone X-ray radiation treatment eighty-seven times, my ears are no longer easy to hear, and after cutting off one-third of my tongue, I can't speak clearly." "At this point, I'm exhausted and can't write anymore." Before seeing the advent of "Distant Thoughts of Taiwan", Fan Quan said goodbye to us forever.
Fan Quan is not only a famous editor, he is also a well-known novelist and essayist. In the 1940s, he published eight books, including "The Green NorthLand", "Genesis", and "Haba Kingdom". There are novels and essays that reflect the theme of the anti-Japanese resistance, and there are fairy tales that expose the fake democracy and real dictatorship of the Kuomintang reactionaries. Among them, the collection of essays of "Green North Country" was republished three times in the 1940s, and in the 1980s, it was republished in Taiwan as a "modern literary creation series". Among them, "The Green North Country" and "Bonfire" were selected to be included in the eleventh episode of the "New Chinese Literature Department (1937-1949)", "Prose Volume II", and "Bonfire" was also selected into the "Twentieth Century Prose Compendium". Fan Quan's Huairen essays, such as those written about Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Ye Shengtao, Ba Jin and others, are sincere, sincere and touching, and the writing is very atmospheric and has a spirit. A few strokes, three or five sentences of portrayal, the character image jumped on the paper. Fan Quan's novels have tendencies, stories, and characters, and their ideas are modern, and their artistic expressions are nationalized and popular with the people. "May" presents the difficult life of ordinary people and their yearning for a better future from the perspective of primary school student Yu Xiaofeng. The Divine Lamp is a collection of children's literature by Fan Quan. Fan Quan took materials from the legends of Taiwan's mountain tribes, and expressed the ideological realm of children with artistic techniques that conformed to children's psychology, inadvertently communicating the connection between Taiwanese literature and mainland literature, and after publication, it was known as "Aesop's Fables of the East". "Haba Country" and "Happy Island" are fairy tales, full of practical significance and thought-provoking. Fan Quan's essays, novels, and fairy tales not only show his creative talent, but also highlight his personality charm of loving the country and the people, pursuing light, and adhering to ideals. Thus, as a writer, he "continued to live after death".
Fan Quan, who is good at image thinking, is also good at logical thinking, and he is also a literary and art theorist with a unique personality. The six literary and art theoretical works in the third volume of Fan Quan's Collected Works fully reveal fan Quan's characteristics as a literary and art theorist.
Fan Quan's theory of literature and art has neither dogmatic temperament nor a foreigner's tone; he summed up the theory from the reality of literature and art, and also closely linked it with the reality of literature and art to solve practical problems in the field of literature and art. For example, "The Theory of Creation" (written from the summer of 1942 to the spring of 1943) proceeds from the reality of novel creation, arguing that "a novel that is truly valuable is to truly express the reality of life, or to mix ideal parts according to real life." Under the guidance of such a theory of novel creation, Fan Quan commented on all aspects of novel creation, such as "the four embryonic types of short stories", "writers and creation methods", "several conditions for being a creator", "the exploration and grasp of themes", "various structural forms of novels", "protagonists, viewpoints and scene creation", "character descriptions", "dialogues, emotions and others", and wrote "Creation Theory" as an introduction to novel creation. Fan Quan's comments and research on children's literature and his exploration and commentary on "war and literature" also run through the red line of linking theory with practice. Many of Fan Quan's literary and artistic treatises were written 60 years ago, but they still retain their theoretical vitality to this day, and the root cause lies in this. As a literary theorist, he "continued to live after death."
Fan Quan not only closely linked his theoretical research with practice, but also constantly opened up new research areas, showing his innovative spirit. Taiwanese literature has a history of more than 1,100 years. Under the influence of the "May Fourth" new cultural movement, Taiwan has a new literature. But until 1946, no one in Chinese mainland had published a treatise on Taiwanese literature. This situation was finally changed by Fan Quan's publication of a long essay "On Taiwanese Literature" in the inaugural issue of New Literature in January 1946, and he was actually the first person Chinese mainland to study Taiwanese literature. After Fan Quan's article "On TaiwanEse Literature" spread to Taiwan, it had a great influence on Taiwanese literary circles, triggering a one-year and four-month debate on Taiwanese literature from November 1947 to March 1949. His studies of ancient Egyptian literature, Babylonian and Syrian literature, Persian literature, early Arabic literature, the dramatic movement in Korea, Korean writers, black literature, Indian drama, Annam (Vietnamese) dance drama, Siamese (Thailand) dance drama, and Mongolian novels are also groundbreaking. Fan Quan's literary and artistic theories and literary criticism also showed his clear and strong patriotic stance. Its realism, criticism, and combativeness can be called first-class at that time. In 1940, he wrote "The Reckoning of Wang Jingwei", "Chen Gongbo's Friendship Theory", "Jiang Kanghu's Dedication to Japan as the Leader of Asia", "Chu Minyi has not yet read Foreign Minister Wang's papers? Articles such as "Zhang Ziping Must Also Touch Fish in Muddy Waters" expose and attack the ugly faces of Wang Jingwei, Chen Gongbo, Chu Minyi, Jiang Kanghu, and Zhang Ziping, as well as the traitorous nature of confessing to being a thief and a father.
Rarely, Fan Quan is still a rare famous translator. In his translation work, he followed the principles of "letter" (faithful to the original work), "Da" (easy for readers to accept), and "Ya" (after translating into Chinese, he strived to strengthen the artistry of the text), so his translation was welcomed by readers after it was published. His translation of The Biography of Lu Xun (original by the Japanese writer Yukio Oda) was the first biography published after Lu Xun's death. "North Korean Landscape", translated from the collection of essays and essays created by North Korean writer Zhang Herrley, "My Bottom Terroir". After the book was published in Shanghai in July 1946, it was published in four editions by May 1950. In August 1982, Taiwan reprinted the book. The Articles are translated from a collection of literary essays by the Japanese writer Yasunari Kawabata. The Book of Black and White was translated from Zhang Haley's Japanese text Fu Bao and Noro Bao, which was first published in Shanghai in April 1946 and republished in February 1948. Some of the translations are from English, and most of them are translated from Japanese, which shows that Fan Quan is proficient in Japanese and has a deep knowledge of English. The translations of Fan Quan in volume 10 of the Collected Works of Fan Quan are not the entirety of Fan Quan's translations. For example, Fan Quan's translation of "Fragments", published by Fudan Publishing House in 1943, has not yet been found. But even these five surviving translations are enough to make the translator Fan Quan "continue to live after death." Among cultural celebrities, there are not many who have four terms (editors, writers, literary theorists, translators), and even fewer cultural celebrities who "live after death". Fan Quan is precisely an editor, writer, literary theorist, and translator who "continues to live after death". The publication of the "Fan Quan Anthology" is the best memorial to Fan Quan. We hope that after the publication of the "Fan Quan Anthology", more scholars will study Fan Quan, carry forward Fan Quan, and let Fan Quan "continue to live after death" forever and forever!
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