Yan Yuan Ancestral Hall is located in the northwest of Beiyang Village, Boye County, Baoding City, Hebei Province. Driving into Beiyang Village to ask the villagers where Yan Yuan's ancestral hall is, the people who asked can tell me the way forward, it can be seen that Yan Yuan is very famous in the local area, and I saw a stone stele standing on the ground on the cross street in the village, which reads: "Yan Xi Zhai Old School" It was a pleasure to find it so smoothly.
Yan Yuan's lecture place
Pushed the door in and told me it was next door
From the outside, Yan Xizhai's lecture place was more like the village supply and marketing cooperatives of decades ago, the door was hidden, pushing the door inside, but the old farmer inside told me that this is now his home, and Yan Xizhai Ancestral Hall is his next door, according to what he said, he really saw a red wall, the center of the red wall is an antique gatehouse, pasted with red tiles, the lintel reads: "Yan Xizhai Ancestral Hall", and the couplet on both sides is today's language: "Philosophical thought teaches disciples, materialistic scholarship educates future generations." The same red door is locked, the door is piled with a pile of corn cobs, two elderly women are peeling corn, I asked the second old man, how can I find the person who opened the door, the two have been telling me: "Go find a wife." I asked several times which wife to look for, and both of them repeated these four words, and when I kept asking, one of them told me in a bad mood: "Just looking for a wife!" ”
The gate of the ancestral hall with red tongtong
It looks like a supply and marketing agency from decades ago
Obviously, I came here to visit Yan Yuan's ancestral hall and did not intend to find a wife here, but I am afraid that I would not have an answer if I asked this question, so I followed their words and asked: "Where can I find a wife?" Sure enough, this question worked, and one of them told me, "Go ahead and go north to the first one." I followed the instructions of the second elder, and if I really saw an old lady sitting at the gate of the first house, I asked her who was holding the key to the ancestral hall, and she glanced at me and replied simply: "Me!" She said as she slowly stood up and walked into the courtyard, where I stood outside and waited for a while.
Looking over from the other side, it was also a patch of red
However, after waiting for a while, I still didn't see the old lady come out, and I guessed that I was going back to the house to find the key, so I couldn't help but shout into the courtyard: "Have you found the key?" There was no answer inside, but faintly heard the sound of the old lady waddling out, before I was happy, I heard the door "bang" a sound closed, followed by the sound of the lock, this is broken, may be because I urge her, angry, I just want to apologize and compensate, before I opened the mouth, the door opened a small door, the old lady came out, turned around and locked the small door, she explained to me that there was no one in the family, so I had to lock the door, only to be shocked, I so speculated about the old man, quite a suspicion of the heart of a villain. But she was still walking very slowly, and I glanced at her feet, which didn't seem to be the same little feet as before liberation, but I didn't dare to urge her again, and I couldn't help myself, so I took the key from her hand and ran to the ancestral hall to open the door first.
The yellow line in the courtyard is like a parking space
Provincial cultural protection license
The incense burner made of Yan cement is a bit rough
The inside of the ancestral hall is a narrow one, the floor is covered with red floor tiles, and the inner wall is also painted red. I had never heard of this before, perhaps the people who repaired the ancestral hall felt that red was the respect for the deceased, the red bricks on the ground also had yellow margins, which looked like parking spaces, and there was a cultural protection sign established by the Hebei Provincial Government in the courtyard, but the incense burner at the entrance of the ancestral hall was made of cement, with the shou character engraved in the middle, and the two sides were engraved with auspicious wishes, which looked rough and ugly.
Statue of Yan Yuan
Tablets of Li Yuan and Wang Yuan
Inside the ancestral hall, there is a clay sculpture of Yan Xizhai sitting on the Taishi chair, Mr. Xi Zhai is wearing a bright yellow fringed robe, wearing a red silk scarf around his neck, holding a line-bound book in his right hand, as if he is doing a lecture, and on the right side of the clay sculpture stands a tablet, which reads: "The statue of Mr. Xi Zhai of Shi Shengyanzi", and wooden plaques hang on the left and right sides of the wall, which read: "Treasures of China, Advocate Ming Shengxue" The money is Xu Shichang, president of the Republic of China, but the words are read to the left. On the left and right sides of the ancestral hall are tablets, among which are Li Yuan and Wang Yuan.
Biography of Yan Yuan
On the other side are the tablets of the other two disciples
Wipe off the dust off the table
In the process of my photo, the old lady walked in, she entered the door to wipe the dust that fell on the table, while wiping while chatting with me, she said that her name is Shi Gaizhi, is the obligatory caretaker of the ancestral hall, she said that she has been managing this ancestral hall for more than twenty years, did not want a penny from the public family, I asked her if she is a descendant of Yan Xizhai, she said that her old man is a descendant of the Yan family, is a descendant of the Chengzi generation, I asked her how many generations of the Chengzi generation is Yan Yuan's grandson, Shi Gaizhi said that she was illiterate, so she could not figure out how many generations the Chengzi generation was. There was a lump of dirt falling from the beam of the confession, and she immediately wiped it to the ground, saying in her mouth that this is not okay, this is not okay.
On the back of the gate reads "Sect of Northern Learning"
The money turned out to be "Xu Shichang, president of the Republic of China"
Shi Gaizhi told me that Yan Yuan is a great sage, not a god, and said that she is 82 years old this year, I said that she looks at most 60 years old or so, this is not a compliment, in fact, how to see how to see the age she said, generally speaking, the rural old lady looks much older than the actual age, her contrast makes me a little surprised, the old lady did not rejoice because of my compliments, seriously told me: "I can live such a big age is because of the blessing of the saints, I often come to clean the ancestral hall, incense, So Mr. Yan bless me. ”
Thank you to Shi Gaizhi for going out, and then to the two old ladies who peeled corn at the door to express their gratitude, but the two old ladies asked me how much money I gave my wife, I said no, one of the old ladies told me: "This ancestral hall was guarded by someone before, and was hard to be blown away by her old man, in fact, his old man is not the right root of Mr. Yan, because most of the people in this village are surnamed Yan, so to say that the people in this village are the descendants of Yan Xizhai, her old man was raised, more than ten years ago, the ancestral hall in the village was locked after attaching tiles, She went crazy looking for the key everywhere, after taking the key back, she never gave it to others, although the village did not give her money, but there were always outsiders to see the ancestral hall, the most time gave her five hundred yuan, people were donated to the ancestral hall, not to her, but she especially cut the door, not a penny to others to spend, so many years, did not eat her a piece of sugar. The old lady's face was indignant when she said this.
The house number closest to the ancestral hall
I came out of the ancestral hall, I felt that the Yan Xizhai old school next to it should be the place where Yan Yuan lectured, I regretted that I did not shoot the situation in the room just now, at this time, there was no one inside the door, I wrote down the house number here: No. 39 Chaoyang Street, Yangcun.
Li Yuan was Yan Yuan's most famous disciple, in fact, Yan Yuan's relics were limited to Hebei, and it was Li Yuan who really spread his ideas, and because of this, later generations called him "Yan Li" with Yan Yuan, and called their doctrines "Yan Li School".
Li Yuan was originally born in a wealthy family, and when the Manchus occupied the land in the early Qing Dynasty, most of Li Yuan's family property was encircled by the flag people, so it declined, but he still received a good education in his childhood. When Li Yuan was 4 years old, his father taught him the "Filial Piety Classic", "Ancient Poems", etc., entered the school at the age of 8, married Yan Yuan's friend and Wang Faqian's sister as his wife at the age of 15, and his wife died of illness three years later, at the age of 21, he met Li Yiwu of Xingtai, the two heard that Yan Yuan was teaching sacred studies, so they went to meet him together, and since then, he has become a disciple of Yan Yuan, accepted Yan Yuan's ideas in academic concepts, and passed on this macro.
Li Yu felt that in order to spread his ideas, he must meet celebrities, so he began to tour everywhere. He came to Tongxiang, Zhejiang Province, at the age of 37, and was hired by Guo Zijian of ZhiXian County as an aide. After the conversation, Guo Zijian was very convinced of Li Yuan's words, and he heard that Li Yu had no heirs, so he helped him solve the housing and also gave him a concubine. When Li Yuan was 41 years old, he discussed his knowledge with Yan Ruoxuan in Huai'an, and when he was 42 years old, he met Wang Yuan, and the two talked happily, so Li Yuan introduced Wang Yuan to Yan Yuan, and Wang Yuan became another disciple of Yan Yuan.
Wang Yuan once participated in the revision of the "History of Ming", and the "Military System" was written by him. Through Wang Yuan, Li Yu met many important people in Beijing. In the thirty-seventh year of the Kangxi Dynasty, when Li Yu was 42 years old, he came to Beijing in order to take the exam, and after various connections, he met important figures such as Wan Sitong, Hu Wei, and Kong Shangren in Beijing, and in the three years before that, Li Yu went to Hangzhou to visit Mao Qiling, and worshiped Mao as a teacher and learned music theory knowledge from him.
Li Yu was able to gain a great name during his time in Beijing, and he also had a certain relationship with Vance. At that time, Vance Tong had a bad relationship with Mao Qiling, and Li Yu was a disciple of Mao Qiling, so Vance Tong was not willing to make friends with Li Qiling. At that time, Vance was in Beijing to revise the "History of Ming", did not sign any title, and became a famous academic authority in the capital, and Li Yu felt that it was extremely beneficial to him to make friends with Vance: "Nian Jiye bears a heavy name, must be one quality, unity is one, and if it is not compatible, it is dissected in person, so as to determine right and wrong." So he sent his "University Discernment" to Vance's residence. A few days later, Vance Tong read the book, and indeed praised the book: "Read it, beat the knot and say yes, and lament that it has been lost by the ancients, and the profound knowledge is unattainable." However, these records are published in the "Annals of Li Yuan", and the facts can only be believed from this. The "Annals" also recorded Mao Qiling's praise for Li Yuan: "The wonder of great wonder is not the study of people, it can be promoted unprepared, and it has changed to this point... True Gestapo also. ”
After li yuan's various efforts, Yan Yuan's concept gradually spread in the imperial court, according to the "Annals of Li Yuan": "Therefore, for a time it was as prominent as Wang Zhen'an Xiangguo, Wang Shizhen Shangshu, Xu Youshan Shilang, Xu Shi'an Sikong, Dou Keqin, DianRan Yongguang Ertaishi, Yu Mingshi, Guo Zigu Er yushi, or Zhaoyu Yan visited the Tao, or Sheng Feng Zhao Yan Yan theory. ...... After the peace of San Francisco, the imperial court sent to literature, and the four famous scholars competed for the capital gate, and heard mr. name, but there were no followers. He also wants to make a name for himself to prove what he has learned. Li Yuan's academic view is a Yanyuan concept in the main body, and at the same time it is mixed with some of his own opinions. When Li Yuan entered Beijing, Yan Yuan specifically instructed him not to get acquainted with the nobles and not to touch their fame and fortune: "In September, Wu Gong came to invite him to enter Beijing. Xi Zhai said: 'Don't be tainted with fame and fortune. The gentleman said: "If you do not dare to seek fame and fortune, you will also have something to do." The gentleman does not pay the time, and does not care about the noble and the lowly, but the person. Sir is noble, but the way is to ask, but it is clear that it is clear, and it is feasible to do it. Sir does not work with the township personnel, limited to the local pros and cons, can be Chen Yu in the way, know Chen Zhi. Mr. Yijie did not take it, and obeyed Mencius's 'edible food', but asked to return to his body and share his ears with him. 'Xi Zhai agreed. ("Li Yuan's Annals") "Li Yuan said that he did not enter Beijing to seek fame and profit, but just wanted to make a difference, and at the same time he said to Yan Yuan, you do not make friends with powerful people, but I do not care about nobles, as long as people are good.
At the age of 39, Li Yu wrote a letter to Mr. Shangyan, in which he said:
The mistake of Song Confucianism's scholarship was actually zhou zi, and Zhou Zi tasted the exchanges with the monk Shouya and the Taoist priest Chen Bo, and his teaching of the second journey was to find holes and Yan Le, although he was attached to Confucianism, and played in the void, it was actually the ershi submerged and did not realize it. Ercheng Chengzhi, with his vague trance, was a glimpse of the sexual heavens, which was unattainable by the Han and Tang Confucians. Unknown to the Han and Tang Confucians, they were originally responsible for passing on the scriptures, and they regarded the sacred path as fixed and scattered in the world. Song Ru added one understanding of the heavens in addition to the exhortations, so he went straight to preaching, and the preaching was the opposite of the north.
The insights in this paragraph are basically Yan Yuan's point of view, and they jointly criticize Zhou Dunyi, the founder of the Song Dynasty, believing that Zhou's concept of Tai Chi comes from the Taoist, and then Zhou Dunyi taught the Ercheng brothers to find Kong Yanle, and Li Yuan also believes that this is a play with Xuanxuan, because the essence is still the concept of Taoism and Buddhism. Ercheng talks a lot about sex and heaven in the concept, and this concept is something that Confucius rarely mentions, so the theory taught by Song Ru is actually the opposite of Kong Meng's sacred path.
As for the "main jing" and "main respect" analyzed by Cheng Zhu Lixue, Li Yu said:
Since Zhou Lianxi established the religion as the main jing, King Cheng Zhulu used daylight to meditate, thinking that he had established the foundation with his heart and examined the ancient scriptures, and there was nothing. Yi said: "Dry all day long, act also." "It is the ancient Heavenly Son and even the common man, and there are no daytime meditators." When He slept in the day, Confucius rebuked him; Zigong asked for rest, and Confucius rebuked him for breathing only death. The ancient chicken is singing and thriving, not only the gentleman is good, that is, the villain is good, but also has no time all the time. During the Warring States period, when the Zhuang Column arose, Nan Guo Zi sat in a few shades, and mourned me, which was the beginning of meditation and observation of the void. After the two sects of Buddhism, the ancestors of the two sects, meditated into meditation, closed their eyes and hung the curtains, and openly abandoned the day, which is also a heretic. My Confucianism? (On the Non-Sutra of The Song People's Daytime Meditation)
Li Yu believed that Zhou Dunyi's main concept was "main meditation", and then both Cheng Zhu and Lu Wang followed this concept and liked to meditate in the daytime, but when consulting the ancient classics, there was never such a way of learning, and then Li Yu quoted the saying in the I Ching, neither the Heavenly Son nor the people meditated during the day, at the same time, he also cited the record in the Analects, that is, Zaiyu slept in the daytime and was scolded by Confucius, and then Li Yu said that this way of meditation was first from "Zhuangzi" Both the Buddhist and Taoist schools of Buddhism and Taoism learned this way, so Li Believes that meditation during the day is heresy.
Regarding the "main respect" emphasized by Cheng Zhu Lixue, Li Yu also believes that this is no different from "main jing":
Song Ru talked about the Lord's respect, and all the Lords were quiet. "The Lord is not fit" is the precept of silence, and the precept of non-respect. Gai Zi "Taiji Tushu" marked this fork in the road with "The Lord quietly established the human pole", and after that, not only Yang Guishan and Li Yan sat calmly to experience the "joy and sorrow" without meteorological weather, Zhu Zi discussed that he seemed to sit in meditation and settle down, that is, Cheng Zi and You, Yang and other lectures, suddenly closed their eyes and sat upright, and the doormen waited for the snow to be deep and awake. Wonder if the ancient sages had this? (Analects of the Analects)
Then he cited some stories in theory, such as Yang Shi and Li Tong's experience of the weather when joy and sorrow did not occur through meditation, and then used the famous story of Cheng Men Lixue as evidence, You Yu and Yang Shi came to see Cheng Yi, Cheng Yi sat there with his eyes closed, and the snow outside the door fell a foot before waking up, Li Yu believed that the ancient sages had done such a thing.
Like her teacher, Li Yan also stressed the need to do practical things:
If there is more experience on paper, there is less experience in the world; if there is more spirit in pen and ink, there is less spirit in the economy. The death of Song Ming is also, this thing is this aspiration, I hope that the sages will not drown. (The Chronicle of Li Yuan)
Li Yong stressed that if a lot of time is spent on reading, then there will be less practical activities in society, and if the energy is spent on writing, then there is also no time to run society, and he believes that the demise of the Song Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty is the result of the fact that the readers only know how to read. What do he think should be done, Li Said:
Confucius Gate transmission, by the soldiers, to the people, pure to the liturgical music, there is no so-called first read a certain book, then read a certain book, reprimand Han Moye. That is, sometimes when reading, the "poems" are recited to learn music, and the "books" are read to know the political ears. Madame has a little energy, but she is not able to learn from the soldiers and farmers, the work of water and fire workers, and what is it to read and read the writings? (The Chronicle of Li Yuan).
Li Yu believed that Confucius did not teach people to read a certain book first, and then read a certain book, even if he let his disciples read the "Poems" and "Books", he only let them understand the way of government, people's energy is limited, and they should spend their limited energy on doing practical things, not to read for the sake of reading.
It can be seen that both Yan Yuan and Li Yuan emphasize doing more things and reading less, for which Hu Shi concluded: "Among Chinese philosophers, Yan Yuan can be regarded as really coming out of the peasant class. His thoughts are experienced from chaos and experienced from life. He is a farmer and a doctor, and both professions focus on internships, so his thinking is based on the word 'Xi'. He changed his name to Xi Zhai himself, which shows where his purpose lies. ("Several Anti-Theoretic Thinkers") "It can be seen that Hu Shi believes that the concept of the Yan-Li school represents the peasant class.
The Yan and Li school did not have much influence in its contemporary life, until the 1920s, Xu Shichang advocated the study of Yan and Li in his capacity as the president, which made this school shine, with the support of Xu Shichang, the society founded the Si Cun Society, established the Si Cun Middle School, edited the "Si Cun Monthly", and also ordered Yan Li to be removed from the Temple of Confucius, and then published the Yan and Li series of books, which finally made this school one of the famous schools in the history of Chinese philosophy.
Li Yu's tomb is located in the northeast of Xicao Zuo Village, Li County, Hebei Province. Driving to this village, when arriving in the village, everyone is drying and selecting the animal's mao'er, Li county is a famous fur town, it seems to be true, but what I saw in the local area is Mao'er and did not see the skin, ask the villagers where Li Yuan's tomb is, they seem to be unable to react, in another way, with Li Yuan's word Shugu, immediately people know: "It turns out that you are inquiring about the tomb of Mr. Shugu." ”
The Wen bao card of Li Yuan's tomb was actually wrapped inside
There's another piece here
According to what he meant, he walked through the extremely narrow dirt road in the village, but the road was too narrow, as long as there was a car parked on the side, he could not miss it, and he could not summon the owner of the car with the horn, so he had to go around, and finally came to the outside of the village, and in a courtyard in the north of the village, he saw a man in his fifties coming out of the courtyard, I stopped to ask him about mr. Shugu's tomb, he told me that I still had to go back to the village to walk through, I explained to him that I was just in the village, because I could not go around it, I turned out, asked him if there were other roads that could be detoured, He told me that there was, but it was difficult to say clearly, because it took several turns, this person was very patient to explain to me how to turn, but my memory is really limited, can not remember so many bends, he gave up the idea of explaining to me: "Go, I take you to" Turned around and returned to the courtyard, launched a dilapidated electric bicycle, I asked him to get on the car, he waved his hand without speaking, he rode on the electric car directly to the outside of the village, and then did not turn back to me to swing his hand, signaling me to follow.
I drove slowly behind him, the dirt road in the field was really bumpy, followed him around the corners, I can't remember how many turns, it seems that the fellow offered to lead the way, it is really a correct idea, otherwise, I can't find the way forward in less than half of the drive.
Look around
The introductory text on the back of the bunpao
Finally, he found the cultural relics protection plate of Li Yuan's tomb in a large open space in the north of the village, and he stopped and said to me: In this area, I don't know which one it is. After saying that he was going to ride back, I immediately stopped him, took out 50 yuan, said that it was a remuneration fee, he resolutely did not collect, I had to say that it was fuel money for you, he said that I was an electric car without refueling, the old man resolutely did not collect, I had to stuff it in his car basket, he took the money and threw it on the ground, helpless, I suddenly thought that there was also liquor sent by Cangzhou friends on the car, took out two bottles to give it to him, but he said that he did not drink, and laughed and said: "Besides, what wine do we drink in this cemetery." "After saying that, I turned around and rode away.
Tombstone of Li Yuan
Monument coupons
Panoramic view of Li Yuan's tomb
The other side
To the north of the village is a large open space, which is planted with trees, which looks like it is 20 or 30 acres in size, and there is a nameplate of the Li County Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit on the side of the road, which reads: Li Shugu Tomb. There is also a cement pavilion next to it, which is a Wenbao brand from Hebei Province, also called: Li Shugu. It is said that the cultural protection plates issued by the government and cultural relics departments will use the name of the tomb owner himself, rarely using the name, here somehow so special, no wonder the locals do not know Li Yuan.
Another stele was seen on the ground
Li Yuan's tomb is in this wood
However, there was no grave hill after the protection plate, and moving towards the woods, thirty or forty meters behind the protection plate, I saw a green brick covered stele, and the White Jade Stele inside was inscribed: The Tomb of Mr. Li Shugu, the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty. Behind the stele is the tomb of Li Shugu, which is not large, about two meters in diameter and no more than two meters high. There are also lying stone tablets next to the tomb, vaguely seeing that they are inscribed: Descendants of Detri, and several stele have been buried in the ground, I do not understand why these stele are not lifted again.