The spring water of Jinan family in ancient poetry

There are many beautiful pleasures in the world.

The author believes that as a Jinan native, wandering in the artistic conception of "family spring water" can be regarded as one of the beautiful enjoyments of life.

100 years ago, in the late autumn when autumn leaves were all over the mountains and yellow flowers were colorful, a Langzhong named "Old Remnant" carried a cage, shook a string of bells, and the wind and dust servants came to Jinan from Gao Qing, bent on seeing the scenery of Daming Lake in Jinan Province. This old cripple, "came into the city, but seeing the spring water of the family, the yang of the household, than the scenery of the south of the river, I think it is more interesting." ”

This is a description by the late Qing Dynasty writer Liu Hu in his novel "The Journey of the Old Remnant". Every Jinan person and every reader will remember the divine portrayal of the eight characters of Jinan in this text: spring water in every home, and yang in every household.

Because there is no other text that can be more realistic and more in place than the description of these eight words.

Today, we look at the beauty of Jinan's spring water from another angle, and show the charm of Jinan's spring water by excavating the wonderful depiction of Jinan's "family spring water" in ancient poetry.

The imagery of this poem is obviously more flexible and stunning than that of fiction (or prose).

Baidaoquan Xiang mirror line - Jiamen Creek River

First of all, let's take a look at the streams and rivers that walk through the streets, cross the walls, and even climb the stairs to cross the corridor. It is they that constitute the beautiful picture frame and root blood of Jinan Spring Water.

The entire streets and alleys are soaked in the clear spring water, and there are many such situations. At that time, the big name of Dongliushui Street was called Boat Lane, which could not be passed without boats; On the bustling Furong Street, in the middle of the street is the Tiyun Creek made of Furong Spring Water. In addition, there are still some remaining ones: the water flowing north of Baotu Spring, the Qushuiting Street where pearl spring water gushes out, and the Qifengqiao Stream formed by the north flow of Wangfu Pond...

The most praised by the people of Jinan is the Feiquan Zhuhe River. The moat of smoke and willows around the blue, squarely around the old city of Jinan a circle, dozens of clear springs along the coast pour jade liquid into the river, it should be the country's unique spring water moat.

Let's get into the depiction in ancient poems.

Wang Xiangchun, a famous scholar in Jinan Province in the Ming Dynasty, has a poem "Beixi":

A curved stream and a banqiao, a raccoon stone face to draw a spring scoop.

Behind the house, the needle woman stopped, and the boat at the bottom of the tree shook itself.

In a note after the poem, Wang Xiangchun said:

"The women of the Northland saw that the boat was unknown and called it a floating house. But in the middle of the city of Hengxi, bridges on the creek, wei boats under the bridge, behind the houses, there is a happy land, although the young women, have the ability to operate the boat, special to see. ”

It is such a water city, with dense springs and intersecting ports. In the Ming Dynasty, the people of Jinan had the same skills as the Jiangnan people - rowing boats, and women of all ages could. "Floating House", a good image, a good name to convey the gods.

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Wang Shichen, the grandson of Wang Xiangchun and a high-ranking official and a leader in the poetry world, had "Early Spring Jinan's Posthumous Record of Shunzhi Yiwei's Old Works":

When the mountain county returns to the spring, the pitang is divided into several springs.

Guobian is close to the water, and after the snow, thousands of peaks enter the city.

During the Qianjia period of the Qing Dynasty, sun Zhaohuan, a poet from Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, who lived in Baotu Spring for many years, wrote "Jinan Bamboo Branch Words":

How many famous springs are scattered in all corners, detouring to Ming Lake.

Anon liked the long flowing water the most, flowing to the door to wash the green socks.

There is a note at the end of the poem: "There are more than two feet of water ditches in the city, the city is swirling, the spring is gushing, the long stream is not stopped, and every time it flows out of the houses." ”

He said that There are countless famous springs in Jinan, like pearls, scattered in the four corners, flowing in a roundabout way to Daming Lake, and the laundry women by the stream love this endless flowing water, and they can wash their beautiful long skirts in front of their homes.

Jinan people like to say Liu Hu, because he first used "family spring water, household weeping Yang" to say Jinan, in fact, there have already been similar to this. For example, in the thirty-third year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1694), the poet Cheng Yongjian, who served as the zhizhou of Ninghai in Shandong, wrote "The sentence of the boating in the north of Jinan City" in the north of Jinan city is "the flowing water of the East Of the Qingshan Mountains in the city":

The house is connected to the house, and the smoke on the face is the screen.

Occasionally calling boats to the edge of the city, Pinglu march full of green lakes.

"Family water" and "family spring water" are roughly the same term, but 200 years earlier than Liu Hu.

Be light, and be careful to step out of the spring - look at the spring in the streets

Jinan's spring water is still hidden in the depths of the streets and alleys, especially in the courtyards of some traditional houses and ordinary people.

Wangfu Pond, also known as "Mao Miao Lake". It was once part of the neighboring DeWangfu, and when the Qing Dynasty abolished the royal palace to rebuild the Shandong Inspectorate Yamen, it was left out of the courtyard wall, so it was completely civilianized.

Confucius's seventy-first generation grandson and Qing Dynasty Qufu writer Kong Zhaoqian has a "Minghu Lyrics" dedicated to this spring:

There is a muddy spring outside the Shuixi Bridge, and the sun is warm and the ducks are released in autumn.

The twilight lotus pickers are gone, and the light wind blows the ferry boat.

During the Yongzheng Period, Wang Erjian of Zhizhou in Jining Prefecture had a poem "Fishing in the Wangfu Pond":

Looking in the mirror from the high floor, the waves of water and clouds are wide.

There is nothing to do in the afternoon of the guest, and the green willow is a fishing rod.

Because it is a street spring, the shores of the wangfu pond are full of residents, and the houses, especially the higher buildings, are reflected in the clear lake water, and the waves are swaying and beautiful. What is particularly surprising is that the wangfu pond, as a street spring, has truly become the people's own spring, and people can fish under the green trees, and even poets have joined the ranks. This is a unique scene of Jinan's streets and alleys.

In the early Qing Dynasty, the Jinan scribe Zhu Xuan had a poem "Idle Residence Miscellaneous Songs":

After years of seclusion in bu di, Jinan spring is good enough to be famous.

In an empty blue, strings of pearls burst into circles.

At about the same time, there was the poet and collector Song Zhi's "Miscellaneous Poems of Jinan":

On a tender cold day in October, the companions laugh and clap their shoulders.

I love the good scenery of Qizhou, full of mountains and springs.

Both poems are written about Jinan's street springs, and what they have in common is that they do not write about springs in isolation, but describe the springs and the surrounding scenery, and the lakes and mountains of Jinan, and their authenticity and appeal are greatly enhanced.

The most beautiful area for seeing springs in the streets and alleys of Jinan, in addition to the area around the Wangfu Pond and Qushui Pavilion, is the area around the moat.

During the Daoguang years, the Jinan poet Qiao Yue moved to the shore of the Black Tiger Spring and gladly composed "The Second Song of Nanguo Xinju":

Quite rocky, living in the nearby city.

Half of the village is the shadow of the trees, ten steps and a spring sound.

After another day of drinking, cool and happy for this life.

Su Xinren is not far away, Xin Xi looks at the clouds.

The new residence is owned, and the forest hill is outside the door.

Biyong springs, red and deep triangle tower.

Floating clouds separate the city, and the custom is close to the field domain.

Send a lifelong wish, no labor to travel.

In this area, from the Jiefang Pavilion in the east to the Ximen Bridge in the west, on both sides of the moat and in the river channel, which stretches less than 700 meters from east to west, there are fourteen springs such as Black Tiger Spring, South Pearl Spring, Pipa Spring, White Stone Spring, Nine Women's Spring, and Agate Spring, forming a unique landscape of smoke and willows around the blue and flying springs. Now that I think about it, the street springs in Jinan in the old days were actually very powerful, and the streets named after the springs alone were too numerous to mention, such as Mapaoquan Street, Drinking Tiger Pond Street, Jiangjiachi Street, Pingquan Hutong, Zhenchi Street, Lianquan Hutong, Yongquan Hutong, WangfuchiZi Street, Shunjing Street, Xianmingchi Street, Dongliushui Street, etc. Later, many springs in the park (such as Baotu Spring, Wulongtan, etc.), in fact, before the construction of the park, most of them were street springs or home springs.

The flowing water of the family runs around the courtyard steps - the family spring Suoyin

In the old city of Jinan, there are springs in many residential courtyards, but many residents do not call them springs, but call them "wells".

Spring wells are different from "wells", spring wells are living water (Jinan people call ordinary well water "lazy water"), the water is extremely clear, the water depth is several meters, and the bottom is clear. The spring is moving, the pearl-like blisters are constantly rising, and the water is extremely vigorous. In the middle of summer, the gushing spring water will flood the wellhead.

Since ancient times, Jinan people have lived in the spring and built gardens according to the spring. Jinan people have good spring water, and boiling tea is the favorite of Jinan people. During the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods of the Qing Dynasty, Wang Yan, a high-density poet who lived in Jinan, showed the scene of people cooking tea from the spring:

Xiao Ji new spring water, wind stove curtain outside branch.

Alone from the tasteless place, there is no time to taste.

Bamboo rows ou quiet, pine tea add fire late.

Occasionally, divide a bowl and chill into the heart.

In "The Journey of the Old Remnant", Liu Hu once vividly wrote about the beautiful reflection of the Thousand Buddha Mountain in the area of the Tiegong Ancestral Hall of Daming Lake. According to the literature, in other locations of Daming Lake, such as the Huiquan Spring of Huiquan Temple, there have also been reflections of Foshan.

If you want to ask, in the spring of the people's homes in Jinan, may you see the reflection of Foshan?

The answer is yes.

This can be proved by the Qing Dynasty Jinan poet Wang Derong's poem "Spring Day Zaiju Miscellaneous Songs".

The shadow of the magpie under the water hangs upside down, and the silver pond is like a mirror.

Foshan is also my guest, and Guo often comes to the hut.

The poet said that in his home in Zhaiju, he could see the reflection of Quehua Ershan, and the Thousand Buddha Mountain was also a regular visitor to my family, and often came to my hut across the city to meet me. The poet uses kind and witty language to write the reflection of Foshan in the spring water of his home, which is wonderful.

Jinan is a garden city, and its distinctive features are two, one is "the city is the garden" (the scholar Wang Yuji), that is, the whole city of Jinan is a large garden; Second, Jinan has a large number of gardens in history, and the author once wrote "Sixty Gardens in Jinan" to remember its prosperity. Sixty homes, nearly half of the spring garden.

The grown-ups are:

Built according to Baotu Spring, there is the Sill Spring Pavilion of Liu Zhao of the Song Dynasty; The garden pavilions built according to the Golden Line Spring include the former residence of Li Qingzhao in the Song Dynasty, the Gu Jizong Pavilion in the Ming Dynasty, the Park Garden of the Bell in the early Qing Dynasty, the Dream Village of Zhu Wei and Zhu Lingzhao's Father and Son in the Qing Dynasty, the Ice Canyon Villa, the Jiang Garden of Jiang Yinpei (a Yan Garden), the Xu Garden of Xu Zonggan, etc.; Built according to Wuyouquan, there is the Jiangshan Shengjiao Building of the Yuan Dynasty Imperial History Han Yunqing; Built according to the Washing Yan Spring, there is the other business of Zhao Mengfu in the Yuan Dynasty, and the villa of Sun Guangqi in the early Qing Dynasty; Yijiang Jiachi built a villa of Jiang Mao in the Ming Dynasty; The villa garden built according to the water spring includes the Ming Dynasty Yin Shi Dan Tong Paradise (a Chuan Shang Jingshe), the Qing Dynasty Wang Pingzhi Twenty-four Springs Caotang; Yigu Hot Spring built the Zhang's Yi Garden of the Qing Dynasty; According to the Xianqing Spring, there is the Xianqing Garden (there were several Yi garden owners, successively known as the LuShi Lu Garden, the Luo Shi Luo Garden, and the Zhou Shi Lang Garden); On the Lake of Mao miao, there is the ash spring of Han Tianzhang in the early Qing Dynasty, and the jujube xiangju of Zhu Min in the Qianlong year; Above the water, there are the Luoyuan Building and the Wangshan Pavilion of the Father and Son of Ren Hongyuan in the Qing Dynasty; On the Five Dragon Pond, there is the Qing Dynasty scholar Zhang Tingxu's Dexin Bookstore, and the Tanxi Jingshe built by Gui Fu and others; According to the gardens built by the springs of the Southern Moat, in the late Qing Dynasty, there were Feng's Humble Garden, Qiao Yue Nanguo's New Residence, Chen Lin and Tang Yaoqing's (borrowed apartment), Pinquan Mountain House, Duyun Bamboo Garden, Miao Run's Qianyuan (a Miao Family Garden) and so on; In addition, during the Daoguang years of the Qing Dynasty, there were Guo Garden and Liu's Garden on the verge of Baotu Spring and Jinxian Spring.

The sound of the rings under the steps - the courtyard spring rhymes

One: hostels

Historically, hotels and inns in Jinan have been loved by guests and officials because of the abundance of spring water, which is not uncommon in ancient poetry.

In the twenty-fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1685), the imperial court official Zhang Ying came to Jinan and stayed in a hotel with a trickling spring, the spring water came from the Pearl Spring, and with joy, he wrote "Jinan Hostel Flowing Water from the Pearl Spring":

Do not tie flat boats and fishing, and accompany Matsumi all day long.

Since the flow of Qingxi estuary, the peach blossoms are also dusty.

During the Yongzheng period, Ji Maiyi, a famous poet who was directly subordinate to Wen'an, often came to Ji'an and stayed in a hostel in Jinan, which was even more deeply felt.

Ji Maiyi's poem "Jinan Hostel":

The sound of the rings under the steps, the lotus across the creek sends far incense.

Who knows the hotel push window look, unlimited Jiangnan water pavilion love.

Ji Maiyi said that listening to the sound of the spring water in the courtyard and smelling the fragrance of the lotus flowers made me very intoxicated. Who knows, push open the window of the hostel and look out, Oh, it is completely a scene of Jiangnan water town.

Unfortunately, none of the above-mentioned hostels have signed their names and addresses, except for Huang Yu, a high-ranking official during the Jiaqing period, who detailed that he lived in the "pavilion" on Furong Street.

Huang Yu's poem "Jinan Pavilion (the museum is in Fuxi Furong Street, behind the house is the former residence of Maundy Lake Mingde Domain)":

Small stay in the Hibiscus Pavilion, the song Willow Pavilion.

Feeling that autumn is prone to illness, thank you for your deep understanding.

Dou Room Yin Wall, Fang Chi Sheng Boiling Bottle (Jinan everywhere spring, according to Zhibei Pearl Spring is here).

Unfortunately, there is no taiwan to look at, and there is no Que Huaqing.

In the former king's mansion, the famous lake is occupied by Mao Miao.

From the outside of the Baiyun Building, JiaYue Mirror Zhongming (old White Clouds, Play Moon Second Pavilion).

The grass is pregnant with vermilion, and the thatched eaves are exchanged for green shoes.

I have come to become a believer, but this spring is clear.

Pavilion, a temporary residence for officials to travel in the old days. From the poem, we learned that the name of the Jinan Pavilion is Furong Hall, apparently because it is on Furong Street. In this scenic spot, it is no wonder that the well-informed Huang Yu can't hold back his excitement. You see him at the edge of this smokey willow pavilion, singing poems; Seeing the herbs and flowers in the courtyard, he imagined the luxurious style of the former Dewangfu "Zhu Lu" and "Bi Yong", listened to the beautiful sound of the palace pond like "sheng boiling", and he couldn't help but go down the stairs to absorb the clear spring water...

Second: the official office

There is no bigger and more flexible than Jinan's official office. In short, they are all water gardens, elegant spring gardens.

The Pearl Spring Compound is the Qing Dynasty Inspectorate, and during the Ming Dynasty, there were more than 20 famous springs in the compound; In the Qing Dynasty, the area of the compound shrank, but there were still more than ten famous springs.

Inspector Yang Xifu of Shandong has "One on Each Side of the Small Baotu Corridor":

The first district of the world's famous springs, small points are special.

There is no need to be a stream and a man, and it is a seat to listen to the murmur.

It's a spectacle, the fountain is in the courtyard, and it's one level closer to the courtyard, and it's on either side of the office chair. In the gap between business, you can "listen to the babbling", this is the "world spring city", this is the spring water style of our hometown!

Others, such as the Shandong Salt Transport Bureau, the Shandong College Office, the Jinan Gongyuan, etc., are not only famous for the springs, but also have eight or even ten scenic spots. For example, during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the Shandong Academy has formed eight scenes, such as Sizhao Qinglan, Bell Tower Xueji, Zhanran Autumn Sound, Red Column Living Water, Yao Removal Of Shizhi, Virtual Boat Talking about the Scriptures, Pingqiao Waiting for the Moon, and Begonia Spring Rain.

Third: schools, colleges

Jinan Fuxue Confucian Temple has an inner and outer pan pond and a jade belt river.

Few people know that since the Ming Dynasty, the Pan Pond and the Jade Belt River of the Fuxue Confucian Temple have been three waters and bright and dazzling.

In the fifteenth year of Ming Jiajing (1536), Sima Tai, then the prefect of Jinan, introduced the source of living water to stimulate the "feng shui" of scientific research, and excavated the Tiyun Creek in the south of Fuxue, which attracted the water of the second spring from the Furong Spring in the south and the Maomiao Lake in the southeast. During the Qi Dynasty tomorrow, Fan Shiying, the prefect of Jinan, introduced the water of Daming Lake into the Xuegong.

Two springs (Furong Spring, Mao miao lake) one lake (Daming Lake), three waters meet. It couldn't have been more beautiful.

Most of the many colleges in Jinan are also built on the spring. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, there have been The Lishan Academy and the Baixue Academy built according to Baotu Spring; There is a Kawakami Jingshe built by looking at the water spring; On the banks of the Golden Thread Spring, Chen Jiuzhuo, the deputy envoy of the Ming Dynasty, built the Golden Thread Spring Society here; In the eighth year of Qing Tongzhi (1869), Ding Baozhen, the governor of Shandong, established the famous Shangzhi Academy, the Jinquan Jingshe, here.

In the ninth year of Qing Jiaqing (1804), under the order of Inspector Tie Bao of Shandong, the Jinan Academy, which was built by cutting off the prime location of the Shandong Cloth Administration Office, has the scenery of lou xie willow lotus and fine springs and good bamboo, including snow springs, Mingshi Springs, etc., which is an elegant house with clear springs around the steps.

And in the center of the city, Shandong's highest level of Luoyuan Academy, people did not know that there were many springs and ponds, until the discovery of the book "Luoyuan Xiaozhi" by Miao Quansun, the chief of the Luoyuan Academy in Guangxujian, people suddenly found that the spring water of Luoyuan Academy was as many as four places at its peak, namely: Huachi, Furong Pond, Reed Dang and Yanlai Spring.

In the Qing Dynasty, Ma Lutai, the chief of Luoyuan Academy, wrote the "Five Songs of Luoyuan Academy", one of which was "Huachi":

My family lives in Jiangxiang, and the smoke and water are neighbors.

Go out to Nadal, and you can be a person.

Flying double cuibi, insulting the relatives of life.

Listen to a word, do not scale in the pool.

Ma Lutai said that my family is in the beautiful Jiangnan of Hangzhou, surrounded by smoke and water. Where is this beautiful scenery when you leave your hometown? However, it appeared in Luoyuan Academy, and the blue waves at the door were really in love!

In the last four sentences of the poem, the poet skillfully opened a stroke and said: At this time, a pair of beautiful kingfishers flew from the sky, which is my favorite special object in my life, but I want to tell the dear birds, don't take away the red scaled fish of my Huachi!

Infinite interest, infinite love, all in the unspoken.

Fourth: suburban farmhouses

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, even in the suburbs, people did not reduce the spring water Yaxing.

There are many poems depicting farmers in the suburbs of Jinan cooking tea and planting the joy of planting straw gardens.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Wang Fan, a native of Zichuan County, Jinan Province, had "A day before noon, the village was thirsty, the vegetable garden next to the village, the trees were cool, the small pavilion came to the wind, the spring was soaked, and the pillow was set up, because the title was two absolute sentences on the wall":

Bamboo shoots often flutter in the dust, and the heat is also a sock.

Drink alone in the cold spring to find a dream, always lose the painting garden irrigation people.

During the Dragon Boat Festival, the weather is already a little stuffy, the poet Xingxing to The suburb of Jinan Liuhang Village, quite thirsty, so simply laid a pillow mat on the edge of Liuhang Village, drew spring water to boil tea, nap into a dream, it is really a fairy-like life, but compared to the irrigation people in the vegetable garden, it is still not as good, yes, they are every day in the beauty of this suburban spring, it is not enviable.

Yang Enqi, a native of Jinan in the Qing Dynasty, has "Looking for drinking and giving the master to the owner":

Slender willow jagged apricot blossoms, number rafters thatched house savage house.

Shan Weng is not lazy and draws himself from Spring Spring to boil tea.

In the spring when the apricot blossoms are in bloom, in the fields of the mountains, the host personally draws spring water to boil tea to entertain the guests, which is the most sincere and generous hospitality for the guests. In this fresh countryside of fine willows and apricot blossoms, the poet's happy mood can be imagined.

The "divine mirror" of Jinan spring water said

In the poem, there is a word that is used very frequently: mirror.

The imagery of Jinan Spring in poetry is a pure aesthetic intoxicating artistic realm, she is the beautiful refraction of the unique mirror image of the water city constructed by Jinan Spring, and she is the most precious spiritual resource and cultural heritage of Jinan City.

Take a look at the mirror image depiction of Baotu Springs:

"Ande dust-free sleeves in the middle hand, for Yu Mo caress mirror flat." (Yuan) Teng An on "Baotu Spring"

"A mirror of the sky is full of light, and suddenly the curling is rushing." (Ming) Chen Fengwu's "Guan BaoTu Spring, Sub-Zhao Song Xueyun" (one of the two songs)

"Wanli autumn sun shakes and practices, a round of heavenly mirror Yangming Lake." (Qing) Li Futai 'Yong Bao Tu Spring》

"Practice rolling the waves and thunderbolts, and Chi Han Mingjing enters the building." (Qing) Liang Yunshi's "Baotu Spring"

Look again at North Pearl Springs:

"This tributary is endless, and the mirror of eternity is round." (Ming) Li Xianfang's "Summoning Yanyuan Chengge to View pearl springs by the envoy DeFan"

"A few acres of the west of the courtyard opened a mirror, and Wan Hu pearls jumped to the water." (Qing) Yue Mengyuan's "Pearl Spring Song"

Zeng Gong wrote about the golden thread spring, the most wonderful thing is to capture the beautiful reflection of the crescent moon white clouds in the mirror-like gold thread pool on the night of the moon, the so-called "cloud is beautiful algae scrambling into wisps, and the moonlight is cleverly wound", which is intoxicating. And Wang Shichen recited Du Kangquan's "Du Kang Spring is like a mirror on the water, and the red and blue windows reflect each other", which has long become a well-known sentence in Jinan.

The biggest mirror in Jinan is Daming Lake. As early as the Yuan Dynasty, Daming Lake was known as the "Divine Mirror".

Yuan Dynasty literary scholar Zhang Yanghao Shiyun: "Shadow down Feng Yi Palace, Jinchao Tiansun Pei." Ming Lake is a mirror of god, and there is no good in the light. Daming Lake is like a mirror, encompassing all the beautiful things in the world, without the slightest omission or omission.

That mirror and mirror are the greatest gifts of heaven to Jinan.

Polishing the mirror and the mirror of the gods is the eternal responsibility and obligation of the Jinan people who have no era and no group of people.

Original title: Jinan family spring water in ancient poetry

Duty Director: Tian Yanmin

【Source: Shun.com-Jinan Daily】

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