Following our "Explanation of Characters in Speaking" course, in this lesson we will talk about a Chinese character in the "Sound" department, "Jing". "Actually" is a commonly used Chinese character in modern Chinese, which was included in the "List of Common Words in Modern Chinese" promulgated by the State Language Commission in 1988, so it needs to be memorized. Details are as follows:
unexpectedly. Read jìng. The explanation given by the Shuowen Jiezi is: "Actually, the music is complete." From the tone, from the person. "Can mean words. The original meaning is the termination of the song.
Modern people will not understand why it is "from the sound, from the person." Because the word "even" is obviously a "child" underneath, but in fact, under the system of speaking, "child" is pronounced as rén, which is a variant of "person", which is on the lower side when it is on the side. The Shuowen Jiezi has a "child" part, "er" is the first Chinese character, and the explanation is: "The ancient Wenqi character also, pictogram, Confucius said: 'Er' under the ancestors of the question." Under the Shuowen system, the "son" character of "son, child" in modern Chinese, written as "child", is a hieroglyphic character, like the shape of a child with a fontanelle on the top of his head.
(Children's fontanelle and the small seal of the word "child")
That is to say, when "man" appears as a partial side in the lower part of the word, the writing "child", as Confucius said, because in the bottom, it is cross-examined (bent).
Regarding "from the people", Duan Yujie's "Notes on the Interpretation of The Words of the Sayings": "This Jude chapter will be under the sound of ten will be under the people, and the jude is the end of the number." That is to say, "child" is under the person, that is, "stop", "man" means "lower end, end". Therefore, the synthesis of "sound + child" is the meaning of the end of the music.
(Glyph evolution)
However, Mr. Li Shoukui in Li Xueqin's "Etymology" believes that according to the evolution of the glyph of "Jing", the meaning of "termination" of the character should be derived from the word "realm" of "border".
Let's start with the explanation of the Commentaries on the Interpretation of Words for the time being. "Zhou Li Chunguan Musician": "Where le cheng is prepared", Zheng Xuan's note: "Cheng, it is said that the play is one." Jia Gongyanshu: "In the end, the eight notes played are composed of one song, and the final is one percent." "Whenever the music is played at the end, report (to the king) the meaning of the completion of the performance.
(Song Termination)
In addition to the original meaning, there are many uses of "actually":
(1) End; finished. For example: Unfinished Karma; "Jade Chapter, Sound Department": "Actually, in the end." "Hanshu Han xin biography": "Gong, villain, for virtue is not finished." "You are a villain, and there is no beginning to doing good.
(2) Circumvention; from beginning to end. For example: Day. "History of the Cool Officials": "Wu Chu has been broken, and Emperor Jing does not speak of soldiers, and the world is rich and solid." After the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms of Wu and Chu was put down, until the death of Emperor Jing, there was no longer talk of war, but the world became rich and prosperous (this was the later "rule of Wenjing").
(Emperor Jingdi of Han)
(3) Exhaustive investigation (its matter). Guangya Shiju IV: "Actually, poor also." "The Book of Han, Huo Guang's Biography": "This county official is the empress dowager, so it is not the end." Yan Shigu's note: "Actually, the poor are even doing things." "Therefore, it is not the same", that is, there is no deep meaning.
(4) Used as an adverb. There are three more uses: one, finally; "Poetry Daya ZhanJie": "The people of The People of The Dragon are pitiful, and the proverbs are even carried." Zheng Xuanji: "Actually, in the end." "Fabricated accusations are exhaustively framed, and the preface and afterwords are ultimately contrary to each other; second, the expression is unexpected. It is equivalent to "actually", "surprisingly". Du Fu has a poem "Ten Songs of General You He's Mountains and Forests", the third part: "The Han apostles are empty, and Shennong does not know." "Third, straight; direct. "Dream of the Red Chamber" sixty-sixth time: "It was a day, early in the morning, out of the city, even ran to Ping'anzhou Avenue." "Running" means "going straight."
(5) Pass the "mirror". Zhu Junsheng's "Speaking of Wen TongXun Dingsheng Zhuangbu": "Actually, it is borrowed as a mirror. "Shang Fang Mirror Inscription": "Shang Fang's work is really good, and there are immortals who do not know old age." ”
(Shang Fang Mirror)
(6) Pass "competition". powerful. "Mozi Banner": "The dead soldier is the flag of the goshawk, and the soldier is the tiger flag." Sun Yi let "Mozi Idle": "Actually, the borrowing word of competition." "When you need to mobilize the death squads, you will fly a flag with a goshawk painted on it, and when you need to mobilize the most powerful fighters, you will hang a tiger flag."
(7) Through the "realm". border. As mentioned earlier, some scholars believe that this is the original meaning of the end. "Zuo Chuan Zhuang Gong Twenty-Seven Years": "Qing Fei Jun's fate does not exceed the end." "The secretary of state cannot cross the border without the order of the monarch.
(Border)
The small seal of "Actually" is written as shown in the following figure:
(Actually small seal writing)
(484 of [Explanation of Words], some of the pictures originate from the Internet, and the copyright belongs to the original copyright owner)