In China's modern history, on the provinces that have contributed the most to China, Guangdong people say second, no one dares to say first!
The Father of the Nation with his followers
There is a very famous saying in China: Guangdong people revolution, Zhejiang people pay money, Hunan people bleed. In fact, Guangdong people are not only revolutionary, but Also Guangdong people have more money than Zhejiang people, and they shed more blood than Hunan people!
The source of many epoch-making historical events in modern China is in Guangdong, such as the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the Penghu Reform Law, the Xinhai Revolution, etc., which doomed Guangdong people to play an extraordinary role in China's historical stage.
Since the Opium War of 1840, China has struggled to find a path of transformation, and the "reformists" in Guangdong have worked hard.
In 1898, the Guangdong people Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao launched the Penghu Reform Law, which sought to develop capitalist economic and political reforms, in an attempt to save the Qing Empire from peril.
Although Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao's Pengshu Reform Method failed in the end, it laid a solid ideological foundation for the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution 13 years later. The Transformation Method opens the Thousand Year Dark Room, which is the role of a light.
Most of the Chinese people have a positive attitude toward the vigorous salvation movement of the people of Guangdong Guangfu, just as Teacher Wang Renbo said of Liang Qichao: "Liang Qichao was fickle all his life, but what has never changed is his "strong country" feelings, and he has worked hard all his life to find China's way to prosperity and strength through the integration of China and the West.
The failure of the "reformists" in Guangdong finally made the people of insight in Guangdong realize that the Qing Dynasty had run out of gas, so they resolutely threw themselves into the revolution.
Sun Yat-sen, the founding father, and his revolutionary followers
On November 24, 1894, at the age of 28, Sun Yat-sen founded the Xingzhong Association, the predecessor of the League in Honolulu, usa, which was the first revolutionary group in modern China. Sun Yat-sen, Yang Quyun, Chen Shaobai, Lu Haodong, Zheng Shiliang and other members of the Xingzhong Association were all Cantonese Cantonese. When Sun Yat-sen and Chen Shaobai were listed by the Qing government as the "Four Great Thieves", they were accused of being "Thieves of the People of Guangfu".
In addition to the "Four Great Kous" who followed Sun Yat-sen's revolution, there were He Ziyuan, Xiong Kewu, Ma Junwu, Li Liejun, Cai Yuanpei, Lin Sen, Liao Zhongkai, Song Jiaoren, Huang Xing, He Xiangning, Xu Chongzhi, Deng Hao, Wang Jingwei, Hu Hanmin, Yu Yinglu, Cai Ruiting, Fu Huichu, and Tao Dekun.
Of these people, Guangdong nationality accounts for half, which is beyond the reach of other provinces.
Why are cantonese Cantonese first in the world? Why was it that the first people with the idea of democratic revolution were Sun Yat-sen, a Guangdong native, and not people from other provinces? This is determined by the closed farming civilization and the open marine civilization, and the leader of this world is destined to be Guangdong people! When most of the people in China's inland provinces were still in the vast and chaotic state, the people of Guangdong's Southern Han Dynasty had already crossed the ocean to accept new ideas and new things!
Rong Hong, the father of international students
In China's modern history, Zheng Guanying and Rong Hong, two Cantonese people, have left a strong mark on the stage of Chinese history.
The author of "The Gradual Record of Western Learning and Eastern Learning" is Rong Hong, a native of Guangfu, Guangdong. "The Chronicle of Western Learning and Eastern Gradualism" can be regarded as a classic text in the history of modern Chinese western learning and Eastern gradual and Sino-US exchanges. He has been described as the first Chinese intellectual to "open a window to see the world." He is also known as the father of Chinese students.
Zheng Guanying's works include "Shengshi Dangerous Words" and "Yi Yan", and the book "Shengshi Dangerous Words" for the first time called for China to "establish a constitution" and "open a parliament" and implement constitutional politics, and for the first time used the term "constitution" in China, thus opening the era of constitutional concept in the sense of China's supreme law. The book also advocates the study of business wars and the revitalization of schools, and puts forward practical and feasible plans for political, economic, military, diplomatic, and cultural reforms. He put forward a series of strategies for enriching the country and strengthening the people, which played a role in ideological enlightenment at that time. He is known as the father of Chinese Enlightenment thought. Kang Youwei, Sun Yat-sen, Liang Qichao and other Cantonese people were deeply influenced by the book, which also had a huge impact on the modernization of South Korea.
Cantonese culture is the culture that is closest to Western values. Westerners' concepts of advocating democracy, freedom, fraternity and equality are consistent with those of Cantonese. That is why the first people with the idea of democratic revolution were Cantonese and not from other provinces!
Overseas Chinese in Guangdong returned to China to participate in the Xinhai Revolution
Even if Huang Xing, Song Jiaoren, and others had Sun Yat-sen's ideological realm and talents, they could not replace Sun Yat-sen's position. Quite simply, they don't have overseas Chinese to support them!
Behind Sun Yat-sen stood a huge group of Overseas Chinese in Guangdong to support him. These Cantonese-speaking overseas Chinese in Guangdong have the same language as Sun Yat-sen and other revolutionaries, are connected by blood, and have a sense of home and country.
A large part of the funds for sun yat-sen's revolutionary activities were donated by overseas Cantonese businessmen, which is why there is the phrase "overseas Chinese are the mother of the revolution." ”
The Huanghuagang Uprising failed, and the Hongmen tycoon Situ Meitang, a native of Canton, pledged the four public hall buildings in Toronto, Vancouver, and Victoria in Canada and raised the required funds of 150,000 yuan.
The wealthy merchant Deng Yinnan, a native of Guangfu, Jiangmen, followed Sun Yat-sen and sold all his family property to raise more than 10,000 yuan as a fund for the Guangzhou uprising.
Yang Heling: He is a small child with Sun Yat-sen, the same as the "Four Great Kou", a native of Guangdong Province. He dedicated his home, "Yang Yaoji", to Sun Yat-sen as the "headquarters" of revolutionary activities. Yang Heling's seventh brother-in-law, Wu Jiewei, a rich man in Macau, lobbied Yang Heling to guarantee Sun Yat-sen and borrowed "two thousand yuan and seven two pounds of 1,442 positive". When Yang Heling was 18 years old, he inherited a large amount of property from his grandfather, but instead of using this property to collect rent and make money, he turned them into revolutionary funds and sold them successively to provide funds for Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary activities.
Sun Mei, a native of Guangfu, Guangdong, was the brother of Sun Yat-sen. When Sun Yat-sen founded the Xingzhong Association, he actively propagated the revolution and lobbied to organize 20 or 30 overseas Chinese from relatives, friends, and relatives to participate, all of whom were Cantonese. In 1895, the Guangzhou Uprising was in dire need of funds, and Sun Mei sold his livestock at a low price to donate military salaries. In 1904, Sun Yat-sen issued bonds in Honolulu, and Sun Mei sold more than 1,000 livestock for subscription bonds. Sun Yat-sen rushed to the needs of the revolutionary travel expenses, and Sun Mei once gave the treasured "ambergris incense" to change and buy it for travel expenses. For the sake of revolution, from great wealth to extreme poverty.
These Guangdong overseas Chinese contributed money and strength, and many Guangdong overseas Chinese personally went home to participate in the revolution, and they were bloody and heartless, and they sacrificed their lives heroically!
Yang Xianyi, a native of Guangfu of Han ethnicity, originally from Xiangshan, Guangdong, is a pioneer of China's aviation industry and is known as the "father of the Chinese Revolutionary Air Force".
Born in Hawaii, Yang Xianyi joined the League in his early years, and after returning to China, he was ordered by Sun Yat-sen to form China's first aircraft fleet in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, and led the fleet into combat. When the Grand Marshal's Office of Guangzhou was established, Yang Xianyi was appointed director of the Aviation Bureau, and then founded the Guangdong Aircraft Factory, concurrently serving as the director of the plant, leading the aviation manufacturing work, and developing China's first aircraft "Leshiwen".
At that time, there was a saying that "the Chinese Air Force is more Guangdong, and the Guangdong Air Force is more overseas Chinese." ”
Would you like to ask, will Huang Xing or anyone else have overseas Chinese to support them? Are there overseas Hunan overseas Chinese who support Huang Xing? No! Because at that time, most of the overseas Chinese were Cantonese!
Huanghuagang Seventy-Two Martyrs Tomb
Hunan people bleed, but Guangdong people shed more blood! Through the list of the seventy-two martyrs of Huanghuagang, you can get a peek at the leopard!
List of the Seventy-two Martyrs of Huanghuagang (Guangdong):
Xu Peixi, Xu Liming, Xu Ripei, Xu Guangtao, Xu Linduan, Xu Maoliao, Xu Songgen, Xu Manling, Xu Zhaoliang, Xu Peitian, Xu Baosheng, Xu Lianhui, Xu Rongjiu, Xu Jinzhao, Xu Huicheng, Xu Ying'an, Li Shanhui, Li Wan, Li Wenlong, Li Wenfu, Li Yannan, Chen Cai, Luo Kun, Pang Xiong, Zhou Hua, You Shou, Jiang Jifu, Guo Jimei, Lao Pei, Du Fengshu, Yu Dongxiong, Ma Lu, and Huang Heming. (33 people in Guangdong Province)
Chen Wenzhuo, Luo Zhonghuo, Rao Futing, Zhang Xuequan, Zhou Zeng, Lin Xiuming (Guangdong Hakka total 7 people)
Chen Chao (Guangdong Chaoshan one)
Huanghuagang Seventy-two Martyrs Guangdong Martyrs forty-one, accounting for most of them!
Therefore, The Guangdong people are not only revolutionary, but also pay the most money and bleed the most!
Wuchang Uprising
On October 10, 1911, the New Army stationed in Wuchang, Hubei Province, held an armed uprising under the leadership of revolutionaries. After a night of fierce fighting, revolutionary soldiers occupied the Wuchang Uprising. The Wuchang Uprising is an epoch-making historical event!
Since Sun Yat-sen was not in Wuchang at that time, some people think that the Wuchang Uprising has little to do with Sun Yat-sen, which is absurd logic!
At that time, the revolutionary situation was developing rapidly, the Qing government was isolated as never before, and the time was fully ripe. The outbreak of the Wuchang uprising was an inevitable result of the development of the revolutionary situation throughout the country. Without Sun Yat-sen leading the propaganda, organizational work, and struggles of the revolutionaries throughout the country, there would have been no success in the Wuchang Uprising!
On February 12, 1912, Empress Longyu promulgated the Edict of Abdication, ending more than 2,000 years of feudal imperialism in China. In January 1912, the Republic of China was formally established, and Sun Yat-sen, a native of Guangdong Province, served as the provisional president, marking the success of the Xinhai Revolution led by Sun Yat-sen.
The Twenty-One Articles of The Bereavement and Humiliation of the Nation
Some people say that do not exaggerate the role of Sun Yat-sen and overthrow the Qing Dynasty, Yuan Shikai has the greatest merit, and Yuan Gong is a great man.
Yuan Shikai is a great man? The "Twenty-one Articles" signed with the Japanese to mourn and humiliate the country is Yuan Shikai! It was also Yuan Shikai who directly led to the failure of the Penghu Reform Law by informing Rong Lu! If Yuan Shikai is also a great man, it is simply subverting the three views of mankind! Some people even blamed him for the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty, so was the blood shed by the martyrs of the Xinhai Revolution in vain?
In fact, Yuan Shikai was an opportunist who saw the wind and steered the rudder, and he saw that the Qing Dynasty was already dying under the Xinhai Revolution, and the number of gas had been exhausted, so he threatened and lured the Qing Emperor to step down, but he just wanted to replace the Qing Emperor and make himself emperor! He would not care about the suffering of the people, let alone think of establishing a democratic republic in China, and he never had the concept of a democratic republic!
As we all know, the Qing Dynasty has always had a policy of preventing Han Chinese, and under the circumstance that sun Yat-sen's Xinhai Revolution, the Qing Dynasty building was about to fall, so it had to give Yuan Shikai and other Han officials a certain position and use them to deal with the Han people. Without Yuan Shikai, the Qing Dynasty would have been overthrown, but without Sun Yat-sen's Xinhai Revolution, he would not even have the opportunity to be a thug of the Qing Dynasty, let alone his ability to overthrow the Qing Dynasty!
Under the desire to smoke the heart, Yuan Shikai stood up and took the risk of going against the current to claim the emperor!
It was this step that made him lose everything, and he did not expect the powerful power of Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles! After Yuan Shikai announced the restoration of the imperial system, Yunnan took the lead in declaring independence and did not accept the practice of restoring the imperial system, then Guizhou responded to independence, and then Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Shaanxi, and Sichuan successively declared independence, which made Yuan Shikai in a dilemma, although he let his subordinates lead the army to suppress the independent provinces, but the provinces swore to defend Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles to the death, and Yuan Shikai's attempt to restore the imperial system was doomed to failure!
In addition to military defeat and retreat, the restoration of the imperial system also caused Yuan Shikai to suffer more insults, and under the double blow, Yuan Shikai had to announce the abolition of the imperial system and died a few months later. A generation of tyrants, thus declined.
Sun Yat-sen and Yuan Shikai, the father of the country, regardless of their knowledge, pattern, character, and feelings of home and country, the difference between the two is the difference between a great politician and an opportunistic politician!
The Four Great Curses of the Qing Dynasty
Tracing the history that has happened, crossing the smoke clouds of history on the land of China, thousands of years of bloody rain and bloody wind, The Qin Emperor Han Wu, Genghis Khan, each of whom is aimed at being an emperor. The centralized system that has remained unchanged for thousands of years, the so-called universal world can not be the king's land, and the coast of the land can not be the king's subjects.
The birth of Sun Yat-sen, a native of Guangdong Province, changed the history of China, and he was the only revolutionary in Chinese history who did not aim to be emperor.
He is a brand new political figure: for three thousand years, there have not been many revolutionaries in China who really have modern political convictions, and the ultimate direction of the vast majority of revolutionary government construction is the "Tangwu Revolution" style of dynastic change.
But Sun Yat-sen, the founding father of the country, was a brand new political figure in China's thousands of years of history, and his revolution was not to become emperor, but to build a completely new country. He completely abandoned the rebellious concept of "he can take his place" and became the first revolutionary in Chinese history to voluntarily surrender the supreme power and truly pursue equality for all.
He created a whole new framework: for three thousand years, no one dared to imagine a China without an emperor. When there was a small problem with the imperial rule, it made small repairs within the system, even if the people launched a bottom-up revolution, it was nothing more than wanting to change a new emperor. Therefore, some people say that China's cultural traditions determine that China cannot live without emperors. But the appearance of Sun Yat-sen proves that this statement is wrong.
Sun Yat-sen devoted his life to the belief in republicanism: "With the lives of our people who will die in ten decades, we will build the foundation of the country for billions of years." Thus, Chinese history has finally transcended the cycle of imperial dynasties and truly begun a new era. Thereafter, even the most arbitrary power must be acquiesced within the framework of republicanism.
The greatness of Sun Yat-sen lies in the fact that under his Three People's Principles, There are no more emperors in China! For this alone, Sun Yat-sen is the greatest figure in China, not one of them! Only the culture of Lingnan Canton can give birth to a great man like the Father of the Nation who has never been in the past and has never come after!
It is true that there are no Guangdong people and people from other provinces who overthrew the Qing Dynasty, but the re-established country is definitely another country of feudal society! The winner is the king, the loser is the Kou, and at most it is just a new emperor! Whoever changes to become the emperor, "Xing, the people suffer; Death, the people suffer! "No matter who overthrows whom, no matter who becomes the emperor, no matter how the dynasty is changed, what remains unchanged is the absolute monarchy!"
It was the Guangdong people who ended China's thousands of years of absolute monarchy and brought China a democratic and republican political system!