The Siku Quanshu contains Hu Bingwen's "Four Books" (file photo)
Huang Yong/Wen
Hu surname (45) | Ming jing Hu clan: Wuyuan Hu Bingwen family for three generations are yixue famous
In this issue, we continue to tell the story of Hu Bingwen. Hu Bingwen, Zi Zhonghu, Hu Yunfeng, the 14th grandson of Hu Changyi, an educator and literary scholar of the Yuan Dynasty, devoted his life to the study and promotion of Zhu Zi Theory, and was quite accomplished in easy learning.
The scale and reputation of Ming Jing College exceeded that of Yuelu Academy and White Deer Academy
Hu Bingwen came from a family of classics with deep roots in learning at home, and he had heard about it since childhood and was very good at learning.
At the age of 12, he often read late into the night. His parents, worried that he had broken his body and urged him to rest many times, he covered the window.
Hu Bingwen specialized in Zhu Zi Theory, but he was also proficient in Zhuzi Hundred Schools, Yin-Yang Medical Bu, and Astrological Arithmetic, and his knowledge was profound.
Hu Bingwen was employed to study and lecture in Wuyuan County, and successively served as the head of the Teachings of Jiangning Province (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu), the Xuelu of Xinzhou Road (in present-day Shangrao, Jiangxi), and the Daoyi Academy, and was revered as a confucian of a generation in the academic circles.
Hu Bingwen also vigorously promoted education. In the third year of his reign (1310), he funded the construction of 200 houses in his hometown of Kaochuan Village, and his nephew Hu Dian, who had been the master of Longquan County, donated 300 mu of land, and his nephew Hu Cheng donated 50 mu of land to create the Ming Jing Academy.
Ming Jing Academy not only provides reading for Hu's children, but also accepts students from nearby.
The Ming Jing Academy stipulates that the children of the family, whether rich or poor, and the scholars, whether they are near or far, can study at the Ming Jing Academy; all the land and property of the college are used to establish righteous schools, "losing their income to support their teachers and disciples." ”
In the first year of Huangqing (1312), after the completion of the academy, there was an endless stream of students who came to study, and the academy provided them with meals and dormitories. Hu Bingwen resigned as the head of Daoyi Academy and returned to Mingjing Academy to take charge of teaching affairs.
In 10 years, the Ming Dynasty Academy "scholars are thousands of people", "a moment of string chanting, cover the armor in the southeast." "Its scale and reputation are larger than those of Yuelu Academy and White Deer Academy in the Song Dynasty."
Wu Cheng, a scribe of the Yuan Dynasty and the superintendent of the Guozi Dynasty, wrote an article praising the Ming Jing Academy, saying: "The study of the True Confucian Ming Classics is seen in the hometown of Zhu Zi, not its greatness! ”
Hu Bingwen devoted his life to the Ming Jing Academy
In order to cultivate more talents, Hu Bingwen offered advice, Hu Dian ran to work, and the two worked day and night. After the completion of the academy, Hu Dian died of overwork, and Hu Bingwen's burden became heavier.
Hu Bingwen personally wrote teaching materials and gave lectures to students, and "Pure Seeking" is his enlightenment textbook for children who have just entered school. The book uses Confucian classic annotations and the deeds of historical figures in how to read, live in the world, and behave as human beings, and compiles them into 4-word rhymes for easy memorization and memorization.
Each volume of "Pure Seeking" has 120 sentences, a total of 360 sentences, which is not large in length and rich in content, and has great educational significance for children. The "Four Libraries of the Whole Book" commented: "This book follows the irony of Oh, with the feeling of capital, and Zhu Zi's "Elementary School Outer Chapter" is in full appearance. ”
Hu Bingwen put all his energy into the Ming Jing Academy, and the imperial court appointed him to go to Lanxi, Zhejiang Province, to do the study, but he could not resign.
At the age of 70, Hu Bingwen still insisted on lecturing and grading examination papers. An exam was revealed, and someone saw that the exam papers he had written were all neat and tidy fly-head fine words, without a word error, without a single error.
In each township test, Ming Jing College almost won the top 4.
Hu Bingwen wrote diligently throughout his life, and continued to read and write in his later years. He wrote many articles, which were collected into the 20 volumes of the Yunfeng Collection, which were destroyed by the military chaos and now only 10 volumes remain.
In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1333), Hu Bingwen died of illness at the age of 84.
Hu Bingwen studied Zhu Zi theory for 50 years and rearranged Zhu Xi's "Notes on the Four Books"
Hu Bingwen's academic research, with Zhu Zi as his ancestor, includes "Poetry Collection Interpretation", "Book Collection Interpretation", "Spring and Autumn Collection Interpretation", "Miscellaneous Ritual Compilation", "University Finger Palm Diagram", "Five Classics and Righteousness", "Erya Rhyme", "Enlightenment Five Praises", "Four Books Discernment" and so on. The Four Libraries Are included in the 28 volumes of the Four Books, 10 volumes of the Yunfeng Collection, and 12 volumes of the Zhou Yi Ben Yi TongShi.
After Hu Bingwen studied Zhu Zi's theory for 50 years, he found that after Zhu Xi compiled and annotated the "University", "Zhongyong", "Analects", and "Mencius" into the "Four Books Collection", many annotations were made of their own ideas, or messy or wrong, making people confused. He reorganized the Notes on the Four Books into a 24-volume Four Books Pass, which was engraved and printed in the 3rd year of Taiding (1326), and the Siku Quanshu was all included.
【Next issue concern】
See hu (47).
【Special Thanks】
Mr. Hu Chuanhuai, an expert in literature and history of Pengxi County, Sichuan.
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