(Upstream journalist Zhou Jinyu) October 12 is World Vision Day. According to statistics from the World Health Organization in 2010, the total number of visually impaired people worldwide is estimated at 285 million, of which 39 million are blind. Different age groups often have different eye diseases: with the advent of an aging society, cataracts, glaucoma, dry eyes and other eye diseases are becoming more and more common; and the rapid development of electronic products makes refractive errors, eye infections, inflammation and other problems highly prevalent in adolescents... What exactly is damaging our vision? This newspaper specially invited Liu Danning, a doctor of ophthalmology at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, to unveil the "eye killer" black list, customize different eye protection tips for the elderly, young, middle-aged and young, and let everyone protect our eyes together!
Electronic Age: Adolescent, White-collar Eye Health Frequently Illuminates "Red Light" The electronic age has brought convenience and color to our lives, but it has made our eye health deteriorate. This year, the prevalence of myopia in adolescents in China has ranked first in the world, and the age of myopia has advanced from 13 to 18 years old to 9 to 14 years old. What are the habits of life that hurt our eyes? How can we stay away from myopia and eye disease?
Three hidden dangers of adolescent vision —
Improper use of eyes, little outdoor exercise, irregular glasses
Whether walking or riding in the car, I like to stare at my mobile phone, often lie down and read a book, watch TV, play with an iPad... Many parents of children said that the improper use of children's eyes is very headache.
It is also worrying that children exercise too little outdoors. Professor Liu Danning pointed out that "letting children go outdoors" is a simple and easy way to prevent and control myopia. The amount of exercise per day of adolescents is inversely proportional to the rate of myopia, and exercise causes the matrix to produce more dopamine, which is beneficial for the protection of vision.
Many parents think that their children are short-sighted, and it is a huge misunderstanding to go to the optical shop or wear glasses online. Wearing "inappropriate" glasses for a long time may cause dizziness, visual fatigue, eye acidity, eye swelling and other symptoms, resulting in an increase in the degree and even seriously affecting visual function.
Some parents do not want their children to wear glasses, believing that once they are worn, they will lead to a deepening of the degree. In this regard, Liu Danning said that glasses can correct vision, wearing glasses will not increase the degree of myopia, and unscientific use of eyes in daily life is the main factor leading to changes in vision.
"A child's myopia needs medical treatment to be effectively controlled." Dr. Liu Danning introduced that the standardized optometry examination process includes: eye health examination, initial examination (vision examination, computer refraction, old microscopy degree examination), objective imaging (children need dilated examination), eye position, binocular visual function examination and other processes. Regular glasses and binocular visual function examination are especially critical for the prevention and control of children's myopia.
"In addition, many teenagers are accustomed to sleeping on their desks in the morning, and during sleep, if they pillow their eyes with their arms for a long time, it will lead to increased intraocular pressure, which is easy to damage the cornea and retina." Wearing contact lenses every day, and not replacing them in time, is prone to eye fatigue, resulting in itchy eyes, foreign body sensation, and causes eye burning and blurred vision in severe cases. Sleeping with contact lenses can also seriously affect corneal breathing, leading to corneal infections. Dr. Liu Danning said that these are also common bad habits that lead to eye diseases in adolescents.
Stay away from "small glasses" Experts teach you 8 tricks Nowadays, adolescents have a serious age of myopia, and diet structure, reading and writing posture and excessive use of electronic products have become the three major causes of acquired myopia. Dr. Liu Danning said that parents should supervise their children to do the following 8 points, which can effectively help children stay away from myopia:
1. The light must be sufficient: the room should have good lighting conditions, the distance between the eyes and the book should be kept at 30 to 35 cm when learning, and the handwriting of the printed materials used should be clear and the contrast should be clear.
2. Don't read too long: Whether you are doing homework or watching TV, the time should not be too long, and it is better to take a break every 30 minutes. At the same time, do not read in direct sunlight or in the dark, do not lie, lie down or walk around, and read books while riding.
3. The sitting posture should be correct: do not bend over and hunch over, the closer or lying on the stomach to do homework, it is easy to cause excessive tension in the ciliary muscles, which in turn causes myopia.
4. The distance between reading books should be moderate: the distance between the book and the eyes should be 30 cm, and the height of the table and chair should also match the physique, and should not be forced to settle.
5. Watch TV distance should not be too close: when watching TV, pay attention to the height of the TV should be level with the line of sight; the distance between the eyes and the fluorescent screen should not be less than 5 times the length of the diagonal length of the phosphor screen; when watching TV, a small brightness lamp should be turned on indoors, which is conducive to protecting vision; after continuously watching TV for 1 to 1.5 hours, there should be a short rest time; the eyes often look far away and do eye health exercises.
6. Sleep should not be too little, and there is a regular schedule: the body is easy to fatigue due to lack of sleep, and it is easy to cause pseudo-myopia.
7. Do more outdoor exercise: often look out to relax the eye muscles, prevent myopia, and come into contact with nature with green mountains and green fields, which is beneficial to the health of the eyes.
8. Nutritional intake should be balanced: do not be picky, do not eat too much sugar, eat more foods containing vitamin A, such as sheep liver, pork liver, eggs, milk, carrots, vegetables, etc.
Frequent "computer eyes" in adults —
Workplace computers, home mobile phones, eye health has become a victim
Working on the computer for a long time during the day, slumping on the sofa watching TV at night, playing with the phone with the lights off after going to bed until falling asleep... This is a portrayal of the daily life of most white-collar workers. Dr. Liu Danning said that this makes most adults suffer from the "computer eye", the so-called "computer eye", that is, those who stare at the computer, smart phone and other electronic display screens for a long time, resulting in eye problems.
Dr. Liu Danning pointed out that the harm of electronic products to the eyes is far more serious than we think, long-term use of electronic products, should be through the form of long-distance relaxation and other forms of vision fatigue, for "turn off the lights after a long time to play mobile phones" such a bad habit should be avoided, if it is really difficult to change, at least the brightness as low as possible.
Correct posture is important Every 30 minutes, look into the distance
In the electronic age, using computers, watching TV, playing mobile phones, etc. have become important causes of vision problems. In this regard, Dr. Liu Danning said that the position and habits of using computers have a great impact on vision. She suggested that when using the computer, the distance between the person and the monitor should not be less than 40 cm, the sitting posture should be correct, the head or spine should not be tilted, and the distance between the person and the computer desk should be maintained, and the distance between the person and the computer desk should not be lying on the table.
When using a mobile phone, do not keep your head down for a long time, and do not lie down to play with the mobile phone. Try to make the font on the phone larger, don't keep looking at the phone for too long, every 30 minutes or so, you can stare at the distance for about 5 minutes, try to look at the green place, relax your eyes. "In particular, pay attention to the use of mobile phones when you must turn on the lights, do not turn off the lights."
Middle-aged and elderly eye diseases are "as fierce as tigers" 4 types need to be vigilant
With the advent of an aging society, the incidence of senile eye diseases has gradually increased, affecting the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly people. Dr. Liu Danning pointed out that most people's understanding of senile eye diseases only stays on senile cataracts. In fact, the common "killers" who rob the elderly of their vision are glaucoma, senile macular degeneration, and diabetic eye disease.
Surgery should be performed when unavoidable cataracts affect vision
Cataract is one of the eye diseases with a high blindness rate worldwide, and its main population is people over 40 years old. With the increase of age, the body function has begun to degenerate, especially the eye, the most delicate organ on the body, the lens changes with time, causing the lens to be cloudy, and then cataracts.
Dr. Liu Danning frankly said that cataracts are almost middle-aged and elderly people are inevitable eye diseases, when patients have vision loss, blurred vision, ghosting, etc., it is necessary to go to the eye examination, including vision, optometry, slit lamp and fundus examination, in order to determine whether there is a cataract and the degree of cataracts, and to develop further treatment measures.
"At present, there is no clear therapeutic effect on the formed cataract drugs, and the most effective way to treat cataracts that have significantly affected vision is surgical treatment." Dr. Liu Danning said, "Senile cataracts reach a certain stage and cause blurred vision. If surgery is not performed in time, complications such as glaucoma may occur and the condition may be complicated. Therefore, as long as cataracts affect vision, surgery can be considered and there is no need to wait until maturity before surgery. ”
Dr. Liu Danning suggested that more antioxidant foods containing blueberries and lutein can be consumed, especially lutein can alleviate the damage caused by blue light to the eyes, protect the retinal tissue, and have a certain preventive effect on the occurrence of cataracts. In addition, sunglasses with UV protection can also play a preventive role in cataracts.
Angle-closure glaucoma is menacing, don't be "anxious"
Glaucoma is a common blinding eye disease in the elderly, resulting in irreversible blindness. Its main harm is to damage the optic nerve, so that the patient has vision loss, visual field defects, the patient's line of sight range gradually shrinks, with the progression of the disease, the scope of defects continues to expand, eventually leading to blindness.
"People with glaucoma are most likely to induce acute glaucoma when they are emotionally excited." Dr. Liu Danning said that after the temper of people with rapid temper is out of control, it is easy to affect the autonomic regulation, resulting in the anterior corner of the eye to close the aqueous humor discharge is inhibited and the intraocular pressure rises sharply, "fatigue, fatigue is also an important cause of acute glaucoma, cold, hot weather also has an impact." ”
Many patients with acute glaucoma will feel very painful in the eyes when they develop the disease, and will also be accompanied by hemimic headaches, eye congestion, sharp decline in vision, nasal root soreness and other symptoms, so it is not an exaggeration to describe its onset with "menacing". If you do not seek medical attention in time after the onset of the disease, it may hurt the intraocular tissues such as the iris and lens optic nerve retina in the short term, resulting in irreversible vision loss. Chronic angle-closure glaucoma, unlike acute glaucoma, can lead to visual loss (narrowing or loss of residual light) that occurs so slowly that the patient themselves are unaware. In the late stage, the central vision has also been significantly affected, the optic nerve is seriously damaged, the patient found that the vision decline and then come to the doctor, but it is already a dead sheep, even if the treatment method is smart, it can only control the intraocular pressure at most so that the remaining vision and vision are no longer lost as much as possible, but there is no way to recover the visual function that has been lost. Therefore, early diagnosis and early treatment are very important.
Dr. Liu Stress stressed that intraocular pressure is the most direct evidence to judge whether there is glaucoma, such as intraocular pressure exceeding a certain range, that is, there is a high degree of suspicion of glaucoma. Fundus examination and visual field examination are also required.
Macular degeneration is difficult to cure Prevention is important
Dr. Liu Danning introduced that most of the elderly macular degeneration begins around the age of 50, and the higher the age, the higher the prevalence. Due to different clinical manifestations, it is divided into dry and wet types, the former is more common. Dry ageing macular degeneration initially dim-sighted, if obscured by a light veil mist. With the development of the disease, the blurring of vision gradually increases, fixed shadows appear in front of the eyes, and the vision is deformed; wet ageing macular degeneration is similar to dryness in the early stage, such as macular bleeding, the vision of the eye plummets, the shadow in front of the eye is blocked, and even only light and dark can be distinguished.
"There is currently no effective cure for macular degeneration, so prevention is important." Dr. Liu Danning introduced that supplementing the lutein density of the macula is a more direct way of prevention, because lutein is the main substance in the macular area, which can absorb ultraviolet rays and blue light, which are harmful to the eyes, and protect the macular area. In addition, it is also very important to control blood pressure and blood sugar, smoke less alcohol, and eat less high-fat foods.
Dr. Liu Danning told reporters that after some elderly people suffer from this disease and can't see things clearly, they first think that it is caused by cataracts. In fact, wet macular degeneration and cataracts are very different, cataracts are blurry when looking at things, wet macular degeneration when looking at things is the object distortion and deformation, the object is clear around, the middle is blurred. At this time, it is necessary to seek medical treatment in time, and the diagnosis can be confirmed by a specialist doctor's fundus examination.
Glycosomyopathy is occult and requires early screening
What is diabetic retinopathy? Dr. Liu Danning explained that this is an eye complication caused by diabetes that can seriously damage vision, referred to as "sugar reticulosis". A common ocular complication caused by diabetes is fundus bleeding, the most serious of which is to cause blindness due to retinal detachment. If the patient does not control the diet, the blood sugar is too high, which will aggravate the condition of ocular complications.
Dr. Liu Danning said that the incidence of "glyceryopathy" is insidious, and diabetic patients have basically no obvious symptoms for three or five years after getting sick, and generally show it after 8, 10 or even 15 years. That is, the longer the course of diabetes, the higher the chance of fundus lesions. If there is no early detection and intervention, the patient will gradually appear visual distortion, blurring, when there is a sudden decline in vision, or even no sense of light, it is already a very dangerous signal. Diabetes damage to the eyes often occurs unconsciously, so after diagnosing diabetes, you must go to the ophthalmology department for examination, do not wait until your vision is reduced or you have symptoms before seeing a doctor.
Dr. Liu Danning stressed that early diabetes can be without conscious symptoms, and there will be different degrees of vision loss after the lesions develop to the macula. If it continues to develop, the transformation of fundus lesions from non-proliferative to proliferative can lead to extensive retinal neovascularization, causing retinal hemorrhage; if the amount of bleeding is large, glass volume blood can occur, vision will drop sharply, and will cause irreversible damage to the eyes. Therefore, diabetics should not neglect the examination and treatment of ophthalmology in order to prevent and treat blindness early.