環境:ubuntu 12.0.4 lts
nginx(發音"engine x")是一個自由,開放源碼,高性能的http server。nginx以穩定性,豐富的功能集,簡單的配置,和低資源消耗而出名。本文将向你展示怎麼在ubuntu 12.0.4 lts 上安裝nginx,php5(及php-fpm),mysql。
一:安裝前做個簡單的說明
我使用的域名為example.com,ip位址是218.198.177.252。你可以視具體情況更改這些設定。在下文中我将使用root權限安裝所需軟體,是以請先切換到root使用者:sudo su
二:安裝mysql
apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client
安裝過程會提示你為mysql root 使用者提供一個密碼----這個密碼對 root@localhost可用,同時對[email protected]也可用,是以你需要手動為mysql root使用者指定一個密碼:
new password for the mysql "root" user: <-- yourrootsqlpassword
repeat password for the mysql "root" user: <-- yourrootsqlpassword
三:安裝nginx
apt-get install nginx
1,啟動nginx
/etc/init.d/nginx start
2,打開浏覽器輸入http://127.0.0.1,如果看到welcome to nginx!,則說明安裝成功,ubuntu 12.0.4 lts上nginx預設的網站根目錄在 /usr/share/nginx/www。
四:安裝php5
php5可以在nginx上通過php-fpm(php—fpm(fastcgi process manager) 是一個可選的 fastcgi,添加了一些了一些很有用的特性,特别是對于繁忙的站點)工作。
說明:nginx不支援對外部程式的直接調用或解析,所有的外部程式(包括php)必須通過fastcgi接口調用。
apt-get install php5-fpm
php-fpm是一個守護程序(init腳本檔案在/etc/init.d/php5-fpm),它運作了一個fastcgi server,端口是 9000。
五:配置 nginx,以下是我本機的配置檔案。
1,nginx的配置檔案在/etc/nginx/nginx.conf, vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 如下:
user www-data; //指定nginx worker 程序運作使用者及使用者組
worker_processes 4; / /指定nginx開啟的程序數,每個nginx程序平均耗費10m-20m記憶體。
pid /var/run/nginx.pid; //用來指定程序id的存儲檔案的位置
events { //用來指定nginx的工作模式,及連接配接上限數
use epoll;
worker_connections 768;
# multi_accept on;
}
http {
##
# basic settings //基本的設定
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
# server_tokens off;
# server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
# server_name_in_redirect off;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
# logging settings //指定日志的存放路徑
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
# gzip settings //開啟gzip 壓縮
gzip on;
gzip_disable "msie6";
gzip_vary on;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_buffers 16 8k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
# nginx-naxsi config
# uncomment it if you installed nginx-naxsi
#include /etc/nginx/naxsi_core.rules;
# nginx-passenger config
# uncomment it if you installed nginx-passenger
#passenger_root /usr;
#passenger_ruby /usr/bin/ruby;
# virtual host configs //虛拟主機的配置
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
#mail {
# # see sample authentication script at:
# # http://wiki.nginx.org/imapauthenticatewithapachephpscript
#
# # auth_http localhost/auth.php;
# # pop3_capabilities "top" "user";
# # imap_capabilities "imap4rev1" "uidplus";
# server {
# listen localhost:110;
# protocol pop3;
# proxy on;
# }
# listen localhost:143;
# protocol imap;
#}
2,虛拟主機被定義在server{}中,預設檔案在/etc/nginx/sites-available/default,vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default。
server {
listen 80; ## listen for ipv4; this line is default and implied
listen [::]:80 default ipv6only=on; ## listen for ipv6
root /usr/share/nginx/www;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
# make site accessible from http://localhost/
server_name _;
location / {
# first attempt to serve request as file, then
# as directory, then fall back to index.html
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
}
location /doc {
root /usr/share;
autoindex on;
allow 127.0.0.1;
deny all;
location /p_w_picpaths {
autoindex off;
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/www;
# proxy the php scripts to apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the php scripts to fastcgi server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
location ~ \.php$ {
try_files $uri =404;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
# deny access to .htaccess files, if apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
location ~ /\.ht {
3,儲存檔案,使配置生效 /etc/init.d/nginx reload
4,在nginx的預設網站根目錄建立一個php的測試檔案 vim /usr/share/nginx/www/info.php
<? php
phpinfo();
?>
5,打開浏覽器輸入http://127.0.0.1/info.php
你可以看見php5已經通過fpm/fastcgi工作了,具體可看server api那行。向下滾動可以看見所有的子產品在php5中都是可用的,mysql還沒有被列出來,意味着mysql還沒支援php5。
六:讓mysql支援php5
1,讓mysql支援php5,我們可以安裝php5-mysql包。其餘的包,我們可以按需安裝所需要的包,用apt-cache search php5列出php的包,看下那個是你所需要的。
2,選擇一些你所需要的包,象這樣安裝:
apt-get install php5-mysql php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php-pear php5-imagick php5-imap php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php5-ming php5-ps php5-pspell php5-recode php5-snmp php5-sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc php5-xsl
3,重新開機php-fpm
/etc/init.d/php5-fpm restart
4,打開浏覽器,輸入http://127.0.0.1/info.php,看下你安裝的包是不是已經被支援了。
七:配置php-fpm, vim /etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf 或在 vim /etc/php5/fpm/conf.d/下做更詳細的配置,不懂真人的預設就行了 ,也不優化了。
八:在/etc/nginx/sites-available/default中新增一個虛拟主機,看下效果。
我的配置檔案:
listen 80 ; ## listen for ipv4; this line is default and implied
# listen [::]:80 default ipv6only=on; ## listen for ipv6
root /web/example;
server_name 218.198.177.252 example.com ; //這個和apache一樣的啦,寫域名就行了
# uncomment to enable naxsi on this location
# include /etc/nginx/naxsi.rules
location /doc/ {
alias /usr/share/doc/;
# only for nginx-naxsi : process denied requests
#location /requestdenied {
# for example, return an error code
#return 418;
#error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
root /web/example;
location ~ \.php$ { //nginx處理靜态的頁面,動态的轉給fastcgi處理
# fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
# # note: you should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini
# # with php5-cgi alone:
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# # with php5-fpm:
# fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
看下效果了,如過你的不成功,自己檢查下....

參考資料:
1,http://www.howtoforge.com/installing-nginx-with-php5-and-php-fpm-and-mysql-support-on-ubuntu-11.10
2,http://www.howtoforge.com/installing-nginx-with-php5-and-php-fpm-and-mysql-support-on-ubuntu-11.10-p2
3,張宴的《實戰nginx:取代apache的高性能web伺服器》