檔案上傳Java實作
檔案上傳
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee
https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee/web-app_5_0.xsd"
version="5.0">
</web-app>
<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-io/commons-io -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.6</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-fileupload/commons-fileupload -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.3.3</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
注意事項
- 上傳檔案需要放在外界無法直接通路的目錄,例如
目錄;WEB-INF
- 上傳檔案的檔案名一定要保持唯一性; -時間戳 -
-uuid
- 限制檔案上傳的最大值
- 可以限制上傳檔案的類型,在收到上傳檔案時,判斷字尾名是否合法;
package com.jezer.servlet;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.ProgressListener;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;
/**
* @author Jay_Soul
*/
public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//判斷上傳的檔案是普通表單還是帶檔案的表單
if (!ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(req)){
return; //終止方法運作,說明這是一個普通的表單,直接傳回
}
//上傳檔案需要放在外界無法直接通路的目錄,例如WEB-INF目錄;
String uploadPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/upload");
File uploadFile = new File(uploadPath);
if (!uploadFile.exists()){
boolean mkdir = uploadFile.mkdir();//建立目錄
System.out.println(mkdir);
}
//緩存,臨時檔案
//臨時路徑,假如檔案超過了預期的大小,我們就把它放到一個臨時檔案,過幾天自動删除,或者提醒使用者轉存為永久
String tempPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/temp");
File tempFile = new File(tempPath);
if (!tempFile.exists()){
tempFile.mkdir();//建立目錄
}
// 處理上傳的檔案,一般都需要通過流來擷取,我們可以使用 request.getInputstream(),原生态的檔案上傳流擷取,十分麻煩
// 但是我們都建議使用 Apache的檔案上傳元件來實作, common-fileupload,它需要依賴于commons-io元件;
try {
//1. 建立DiskFileItemFactory對象,處理檔案路徑或者大小限制
/*
* 通過這個工廠設定一個緩沖區,當上傳的檔案大于這個緩沖區的時候,将他放到臨時檔案 factory.setSizeThreshold(1024 * 1024);
* 緩存區大小為1M factory.setRepository (file);
* 臨時目錄的儲存目錄,需要一個File
*/
DiskFileItemFactory factory = getDiskFileItemFactory(tempFile);
// 2、擷取ServletFileUpload
ServletFileUpload upload = getServletFileUpload(factory);
// 3、處理上傳檔案
// 把前端請求解析,封裝成FileItem對象,需要從ServletFileUpload對象中擷取
String msg = uploadParseRequest(upload, req, uploadPath);
// Servlet請求轉發消息
System.out.println(msg);
if("檔案上傳成功!".equals(msg)) {
// Servlet請求轉發消息
req.setAttribute("msg",msg);
req.getRequestDispatcher("info.jsp").forward(req, resp);
}else {
msg ="請上傳檔案";
req.setAttribute("msg",msg);
req.getRequestDispatcher("info.jsp").forward(req, resp);
}
} catch (FileUploadException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static DiskFileItemFactory getDiskFileItemFactory(File tempFile) {
DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
/* 通過這個工廠設定一個緩沖區,當上傳的檔案大于這個緩沖區的時候,将他放到臨時檔案中; */
factory.setSizeThreshold(1024 * 1024);// 緩沖區大小為1M
factory.setRepository(tempFile);// 臨時目錄的儲存目錄,需要一個file
return factory;
}
public static ServletFileUpload getServletFileUpload(DiskFileItemFactory factory) {
ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
// 監聽長傳進度
upload.setProgressListener(new ProgressListener() {
// pBYtesRead:已讀取到的檔案大小
// pContextLength:檔案大小
@Override
public void update(long pBytesRead, long pContentLength, int pItems) {
System.out.println("總大小:" + pContentLength + "已上傳:" + pBytesRead);
}
});
// 處理亂碼問題
upload.setHeaderEncoding("UTF-8");
// 設定單個檔案的最大值
upload.setFileSizeMax(1024 * 1024 * 10);
// 設定總共能夠上傳檔案的大小
// 1024 = 1kb * 1024 = 1M * 10 = 10м
return upload;
}
public static String uploadParseRequest(ServletFileUpload upload, HttpServletRequest request, String uploadPath) throws FileUploadException, IOException {
String msg = "";
// 把前端請求解析,封裝成FileItem對象
List<FileItem> fileItems = upload.parseRequest(request);
for (FileItem fileItem : fileItems) {
if (fileItem.isFormField()) {// 判斷上傳的檔案是普通的表單還是帶檔案的表單
// getFieldName指的是前端表單控件的name;
String name = fileItem.getFieldName();
String value = fileItem.getString("UTF-8"); // 處理亂碼
System.out.println(name + ": " + value);
} else {// 判斷它是上傳的檔案
// ============處理檔案==============
// 拿到檔案名
String uploadFileName = fileItem.getName();
System.out.println("上傳的檔案名: " + uploadFileName);
if (uploadFileName.trim().equals("") || uploadFileName == null) {
continue;
}
// 獲得上傳的檔案名/images/girl/paojie.png
String fileName = uploadFileName.substring(uploadFileName.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
// 獲得檔案的字尾名
String fileExtName = uploadFileName.substring(uploadFileName.lastIndexOf(".") + 1);
/*
* 如果檔案字尾名fileExtName不是我們所需要的 就直按return.不處理,告訴使用者檔案類型不對。
*/
System.out.println("檔案資訊[件名: " + fileName + " ---檔案類型" + fileExtName + "]");
// 可以使用UID(唯一識别的通用碼),保證檔案名唯
// 0UID. randomUUID(),随機生一個唯一識别的通用碼;
String uuidPath = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
// ================處理檔案完畢==============
// 存到哪? uploadPath
// 檔案真實存在的路徑realPath
String realPath = uploadPath + "/" + uuidPath;
// 給每個檔案建立一個對應的檔案夾
File realPathFile = new File(realPath);
if (!realPathFile.exists()) {
realPathFile.mkdir();
}
// ==============存放位址完畢==============
// 獲得檔案上傳的流
InputStream inputStream = fileItem.getInputStream();
// 建立一個檔案輸出流
// realPath =真實的檔案夾;
// 差了一個檔案;加上翰出檔案的名産"/"+uuidFileName
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(realPath + "/" + fileName);
// 建立一個緩沖區
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024];
// 判斷是否讀取完畢
int len = 0;
// 如果大于0說明還存在資料;
while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) > 0) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
// 關閉流
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
msg = "檔案上傳成功!";
fileItem.delete(); // 上傳成功,清除臨時檔案
//=============檔案傳輸完成=============
}
}
return msg;
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
<!-- servlet注冊-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>FileServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.jezer.servlet.FileServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>FileServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/upload.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<%--index.jsp--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>$Title$</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--通過表單上傳檔案:
get: 上傳檔案大小有限制;
post: 上傳檔案大小沒有限制;
--%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/ upload.do" enctype="multipart/form-data" method = "post">
上傳使用者:<input type="text" name = "username"><br/>
<p><input type="file" name = "upload"></p>
<p><input type="submit"> | <input type="reset"></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
<%--info.jsp--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>

課後鞏固: