青少年心理咨詢：哪些情況下孩子需要心理咨詢輔導？

1

小雅正在讀初二，每個學期都是年級第一。

這本該是父母最大的自豪，可是讓夫妻倆有些憂心的是，女兒平時都是一副悶悶不樂、心事重重的模樣。父母想和她談談心，她又很抗拒，總覺得父母不了解她、愛講道理，習慣成天把自己關在房間裡，整晚整晚地刷題，沉浸在自己的世界裡。

其實，小雅上國中後一直是這種狀态，之前爸爸媽媽覺得小雅性格内向，文靜禮貌，如此表現也很正常，隻要孩子能夠安心學習就沒問題。然而，現在小雅一改往日的溫柔，過于敏感、情緒化，隻要被人問到學習成績，或在校表現，她就會突然地大發脾氣，哭喊着指責父母隻關心她的學習，從不關心她，不愛她....

在小雅情緒崩潰時，無論父母如何解釋，她都聽不進去，思維偏激。父母為此很擔心，也很苦惱，不知道如何幫助到小雅，于是帶小雅進行青少年心理咨詢進行評估與改善。

青少年期是身體快速成長的時期，也是心理逐漸走向成熟的時期。

在這一時期中，充斥着變化和沖突，又被稱為“反抗期”或“叛逆期”，是各種心理障礙的高發時期。

對大多數青少年來說，雖然達不到心理障礙的嚴重程度，但常常存在各種困惑和煩惱，自己走不出來，父母又走不進去，難以幫助到孩子。但若孩子的内心困擾，不能得到及時解決，往往會損害心理健康發展。

2

那麼，一般哪些情況下孩子需要心理咨詢輔導？

1. 情緒持續低落、高興不起來、煩悶；覺得活着沒意思，自卑；對原本感興趣的事失去興趣，懶得活動，對什麼都無所謂。部分會出現失眠、全身乏力、犯困等狀态。

2. 擔憂害怕，如考試、發言、上學、參加社交活動等，出現回避行為。

3. 沉默寡言，不和他人交流，行為退縮，或出現怪異行為，自言自語，自笑。

4. 上課注意力不能集中，完成作業困難，學習成績明顯下降或一直低下。

5. 體重明顯下降，進食時回避他人。

6. 入睡困難，早醒或夜醒多。

7. 經常存在人際沖突，易怒，行為沖動。

8. 遇到突發事件後，難以适應，影響到日常學習和生活。

9. 存在醫學檢查難以解釋的身體不适症狀。

10. 性困惑或性行為異常。

這十條看似簡單，很容易作出判斷，但實際在生活中，青春期孩子這些狀态常常會被家長忽視，而孩子的學習問題、行為問題、或躁狂時的易激惹又讓家長頭疼不已。

面對孩子出現的這些問題，很多家長一開始是選擇“以暴制暴”，導緻孩子的狀态更加糟糕，内心更加封閉，行為問題更加突顯。

3

16歲的阿蒙不願意去上學，經常把自己關在屋子裡刷網頁或追劇，父母擔心他網絡成瘾，将其手機沒收，呵斥其要好好學習。

但無意中的一句“你這樣下去還有什麼用”讓阿蒙反應很激烈，竟然拿手錘頭、揪頭發、就地打滾，大喊大鬧，痛苦不堪。

父母帶阿蒙看心理醫生，被診斷為中度抑郁，而在兩年前這個孩子便已經出現抑郁的傾向，曾在QQ空間釋出說說：

“不想睡覺，不想吃飯，不想說話，隻想靜靜的待着，體重也直線下降，感覺做什麼都沒有意思”

“人活着，卻找不到一點兒意義，是多麼痛苦”

“是不是我太笨，一點兒小事都做不好，做什麼都沒有自信”

“開始對未來感到茫然”

……

得知阿蒙的情況，媽媽很自責，責備自己未能及時發現孩子的變化，未能及時幫助孩子調整，還經常罵孩子懶散、不上進、不細心，給了孩子更大的壓力，導緻孩子的抑郁越來越嚴重，對學習、生活都失去了動力。

小雅和阿蒙的情況在心理咨詢中是非常多見的。越來越多的孩子因為各種各樣的學習、人際交往、情緒和适應方面的問題而過來尋求專業幫助。

▎主要表現在以下方面：

① 學習方面：厭學、逃學、學校恐懼症、考試焦慮、注意力不集中。

② 人際關系方面：親子關系不良、溝通障礙、社交恐懼、自卑、自閉、不合群、社會适應不良、緊張、人際交往障礙。

③ 情緒障礙：青春期抑郁、躁狂、躁郁症、青春期分裂症。

④ 行為問題：沉迷遊戲、網絡成瘾、離家出走、多動、偷錢、自殘自虐、打人傷人、遺尿症。

⑤ 各種神經症及情緒障礙：抑郁障礙、焦慮障礙、雙相情感障礙、強迫症、恐懼症、進食障礙(厭食症、貪食症)、睡眠障礙。

⑥ 青春期性困擾。

4

青少年問題的出現，既與他們正處于心理和生理快速發展的青春期，内心沖突多，情緒不穩定有關，也與個體性格特征、童年經曆、家庭環境有關。

青少年心理咨詢師提醒各位家長，孩子如果在青春期出現一些行為變化，一定要及時觀察孩子的情緒狀态，觀察一下他們有沒有情緒極其低落，或非常暴躁的時候。

還可以看看孩子情緒的改變有沒有影響到他們的學習與生活。如果有，就說明這已經不是單純的叛逆，需要尋求專業心理咨詢師的幫助了。

專業的心理咨詢師将會針對青少年心理問題的特點，采用相關心理咨詢技術，比如認知行為治療、人際關系治療、家庭治療、沙盤治療、催眠治療等方式，幫助青少年改善狀态，完善人格，獲得更健康的思維方式、生活方式。

▎本文為廣州聽說吧心理咨詢中心原創文章，轉載時請标明出處，未經許可擅自使用者，本公司保留依法追究的權利。

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#3eb575;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root[data-weui-theme=dark],body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body[data-weui-theme=dark]{--appmsgExtra-BG: #121212}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc)body:not(.pages_skin_pc){background:var(--weui-BG-2)}}@media screen 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59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--discussInput-BG: rgba(255, 255, 255, .03)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--nickName-FG: #959595}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .6);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 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