1、關于Maven
Maven項目對象模型（POM），是可以通過一小段描述資訊來管理項目的建構、報告和文檔的軟體項目管理工具。 Maven也是一個用于Java web開發的容器，在這個容器中提供了很多Java web開發的所需的架構包和其他元件。
2、Maven下載下傳
Maven可以從Apache網站上下載下傳，下載下傳位址： http://maven.apache.org/，進入後點選左側的Download，然後在下面的下載下傳表格中下載下傳“apache-maven-*.*.*-bin.zip”。
3、Maven安裝
3.1、安裝
将以上下載下傳好的maven解壓後移動到自定的路徑中。
3.2、環境變量配置
①右鍵桌面上的計算機，選擇屬性； ②點選進階系統設定（在屬性頁的左上側）； ③彈出的視窗中點選右下側的環境變量按鈕； ④在系統變量區點選建立按鈕，填寫變量名為MAVEN_HOME，變量值為自定義的Maven的目錄的環境變量，如下圖所示；
⑤在系統變量中找到Path環境變量，新增“;%MAVEN_HOME%\bin;”的配置；
3.3、驗證安裝是否成功
①按下Windows+R鍵運作，輸入cmd，按下Enter鍵； ②在指令行視窗中輸入“mvn -v”指令，若出現如下資訊，則代表配置成功。
4、其他
除了以上配置之外，需要在内部修改的配置還有以下幾點（都需要進入maven的conf目錄中打開settings.xml）：
4.1、maven的本地倉庫配置
在以下配置資訊的下方配置：
<!-- localRepository
| The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts.
|
| Default: ${user.home}/.m2/repository
<localRepository>/path/to/local/repo</localRepository>
-->
需要在以上配置資訊的下方添加如下代碼的配置資訊，其中兩個尖括号<localRepository></localRepository>之間配置自定義的本地倉庫的路徑。
<localRepository>/../..</localRepository>
4.2、maven網絡鏡像優化配置
為什麼要進行網絡鏡像優化配置呢？原因在于maven這個家夥是外國人開發的，但是并沒有在中國設定伺服器，在國内用大天朝的網絡，如果用它自己預設配置的伺服器的話下載下傳jar包和鏡像就要花費大半天的時間來下載下傳jar包，時間就這麼被浪費了，是以我們要解決網絡問題。 還好馬雲爸爸給力啊，阿裡給提供了阿裡自己的鏡像庫，可以從阿裡的鏡像庫進行下載下傳，時間節省了，得不償失呢！ 先找到如下配置：
<mirrors>
<!-- mirror
| Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that
| this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used
| for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
|
<mirror>
<id>mirrorId</id>
<mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf>
<name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
<url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url>
</mirror>
-->
</mirrors>
在以上配置中添加如下配置：
<mirror>
<id>alimaven</id>
<name>aliyun maven</name>
<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
以下是配置完成後的效果：
<mirrors>
<!-- mirror
| Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that
| this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used
| for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
|
<mirror>
<id>mirrorId</id>
<mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf>
<name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
<url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url>
</mirror>
-->
<mirror>
<id>alimaven</id>
<name>aliyun maven</name>
<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
</mirrors>
以上阿裡鏡像中心，親測，速度快得飛起。
4.3、JDK适配配置
由于maven對JDK 8不是很友好，在配置maven項目的時候會産生警告或者錯誤，需要進行動态适配。
解決方案： 找到如下配置：
<profiles>
<!-- profile
| Specifies a set of introductions to the build process, to be activated using one or more of the
| mechanisms described above. For inheritance purposes, and to activate profiles via <activatedProfiles/>
| or the command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique.
|
| An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a consistent naming convention
| for profiles, such as 'env-dev', 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc.
| This will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced profiles is attempting
| to accomplish, particularly when you only have a list of profile id's for debug.
|
| This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and provides a JDK-specific repo.
<profile>
<id>jdk-1.4</id>
<activation>
<jdk>1.4</jdk>
</activation>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>jdk14</id>
<name>Repository for JDK 1.4 builds</name>
<url>http://www.myhost.com/maven/jdk14</url>
<layout>default</layout>
<snapshotPolicy>always</snapshotPolicy>
</repository>
</repositories>
</profile>
-->
<!--
| Here is another profile, activated by the system property 'target-env' with a value of 'dev',
| which provides a specific path to the Tomcat instance. To use this, your plugin configuration
| might hypothetically look like:
|
| ...
| <plugin>
| <groupId>org.myco.myplugins</groupId>
| <artifactId>myplugin</artifactId>
|
| <configuration>
| <tomcatLocation>${tomcatPath}</tomcatLocation>
| </configuration>
| </plugin>
| ...
|
| NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone set 'target-env' to
| anything, you could just leave off the <value/> inside the activation-property.
|
<profile>
<id>env-dev</id>
<activation>
<property>
<name>target-env</name>
<value>dev</value>
</property>
</activation>
<properties>
<tomcatPath>/path/to/tomcat/instance</tomcatPath>
</properties>
</profile>
-->
</profiles>
在其中添加如下配置：
<profile>
<id>jdk-1.8</id>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
<jdk>1.8</jdk>
</activation>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>
</properties>
</profile>
以下是配置好之後的效果：
<profiles>
<!-- profile
| Specifies a set of introductions to the build process, to be activated using one or more of the
| mechanisms described above. For inheritance purposes, and to activate profiles via <activatedProfiles/>
| or the command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique.
|
| An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a consistent naming convention
| for profiles, such as 'env-dev', 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc.
| This will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced profiles is attempting
| to accomplish, particularly when you only have a list of profile id's for debug.
|
| This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and provides a JDK-specific repo.
<profile>
<id>jdk-1.4</id>
<activation>
<jdk>1.4</jdk>
</activation>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>jdk14</id>
<name>Repository for JDK 1.4 builds</name>
<url>http://www.myhost.com/maven/jdk14</url>
<layout>default</layout>
<snapshotPolicy>always</snapshotPolicy>
</repository>
</repositories>
</profile>
-->
<!--
| Here is another profile, activated by the system property 'target-env' with a value of 'dev',
| which provides a specific path to the Tomcat instance. To use this, your plugin configuration
| might hypothetically look like:
|
| ...
| <plugin>
| <groupId>org.myco.myplugins</groupId>
| <artifactId>myplugin</artifactId>
|
| <configuration>
| <tomcatLocation>${tomcatPath}</tomcatLocation>
| </configuration>
| </plugin>
| ...
|
| NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone set 'target-env' to
| anything, you could just leave off the <value/> inside the activation-property.
|
<profile>
<id>env-dev</id>
<activation>
<property>
<name>target-env</name>
<value>dev</value>
</property>
</activation>
<properties>
<tomcatPath>/path/to/tomcat/instance</tomcatPath>
</properties>
</profile>
-->
<profile>
<id>jdk-1.8</id>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
<jdk>1.8</jdk>
</activation>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>
</properties>
</profile>
</profiles>
5、關于macOS上的maven
在下載下傳的時候下載下傳”apache-maven-*.*.*-bin.tar.gz“的安裝包，解壓類似，環境變量無需配置，在内容配置的時候需要進行和第4點中相類似的配置。 到此，maven的安裝和環境變量的配置的方法介紹完了，希望采納。