測試環境:
vr.org 的 VPS
CPU:2核共享
記憶體:512M獨立
OS:Ubuntu 12.04 LTS x64
uname -a
[email protected]:~$ cat /etc/lsb-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=12.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=precise
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 12.04 LTS"
[email protected]:~$ uname -a
Linux www.shaixuan.org 3.4.0-cloud #1 SMP Thu May 24 04:54:53 EDT 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[email protected]:~$ top
top - 23:57:39 up 1:38, 2 users, load average: 0.04, 0.03, 0.16
Tasks: 55 total, 1 running, 54 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.7%us, 0.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 97.6%id, 0.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.1%si, 1.1%st
Mem: 506764k total, 125264k used, 381500k free, 7736k buffers
Swap: 499708k total, 0k used, 499708k free, 70096k cached
軟體版本:Apache httpd 2.4.3、nginx 1.2.3、lighttpd 1.4.31、php 5.4.6
結論:
靜态伺服器:
并發:nginx(17000)> lighttpd(14000)> apache(5000)
注意:lighttpd開啟gzip壓縮時,無法禁用etag……不建議使用。參考:《高性能網站建設指南》
動态伺服器:
大約并發:nginx + php-fpm(1500)> lighttpd + spawn-fcgi(1000)>apache + php module(400)
注意:web server與fastcgi在同一個機器時,建議使用unix domain socket,比tcp socket效果好一點點。
雖然apache httpd 2.4 像 nginx一樣使用了epoll,但是性能還是比nginx低很多。
伺服器OS一定要使用Linux 2.6核心及更高,因為才能支援epoll。
建議伺服器使用Ubuntu server LTS x64,因為工程師PC使用Ubuntu x64較多(Ubuntu的顯示卡驅動安裝友善),這樣編譯部署都一緻。
Ubuntu、CentOS等各個Linux發行版對伺服器來說沒有差別,核心都一樣,挑一個順手的即可。
參考網際網路公司的web server:
163.com | 靜态nginx |
t.qq.com | 靜态squid,動态nginx |
taobao.com | 靜态Tengine,動态Tengine(nginx衍生版) |
小米論壇 | 靜态Tengine,動态Tengine |
百度 | 靜态lighttpd,動态lighttpd(有etag) |
測試過程:
Apache httpd 2.4.3
編譯參數:
apache
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ --with-pcre=/home/u1/pcre-8.30 --enable-so --enable-rewrite --enable-deflate --with-module=metadata:expires
MPM:預設event
httpd -V
[email protected]:/usr/local/apache2/bin# ./httpd -V
Server version: Apache/2.4.3 (Unix)
Server built: Aug 26 2012 10:27:04
Server's Module Magic Number: 20120211:6
Server loaded: APR 1.4.6, APR-UTIL 1.4.1
Compiled using: APR 1.4.6, APR-UTIL 1.4.1
Architecture: 64-bit
Server MPM: event
threaded: yes (fixed thread count)
forked: yes (variable process count)
Server compiled with....
-D APR_HAS_SENDFILE
-D APR_HAS_MMAP
-D APR_HAVE_IPV6 (IPv4-mapped addresses enabled)
-D APR_USE_SYSVSEM_SERIALIZE
-D APR_USE_PTHREAD_SERIALIZE
-D APR_HAS_OTHER_CHILD
-D AP_HAVE_RELIABLE_PIPED_LOGS
-D DYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT=256
-D HTTPD_ROOT="/usr/local/apache2"
-D SUEXEC_BIN="/usr/local/apache2/bin/suexec"
-D DEFAULT_PIDLOG="logs/httpd.pid"
-D DEFAULT_SCOREBOARD="logs/apache_runtime_status"
-D DEFAULT_ERRORLOG="logs/error_log"
-D AP_TYPES_CONFIG_FILE="conf/mime.types"
-D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf"
預設并發400,MaxRequestWorkers即以前的MaxClients,參考:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mpm_common.html#MaxRequestWorkers
<IfModule mpm_event_module>
StartServers 3
MinSpareThreads 75
MaxSpareThreads 250
ThreadsPerChild 25
MaxRequestWorkers 400
MaxConnectionsPerChild 0
</IfModule>
并發改成40000,提示錯誤,加上ServerLimit即可:
[email protected]:~$ sudo vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
[email protected]:~$ sudo vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
[email protected]:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
AH00515: WARNING: MaxRequestWorkers of 40000 would require 1600 servers and
would exceed ServerLimit of 16, decreasing to 400.
To increase, please see the ServerLimit directive.
nginx 1.2.3:
編譯參數:
View Code
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre
lighttpd 1.4.31:
預設并發1024,server.max-fds最大可修改為65535,server.max-connections最大可修改為32767:
193 ##
194 ## As lighttpd is a single-threaded server, its main resource limit is
195 ## the number of file descriptors, which is set to 1024 by default (on
196 ## most systems).
197 ##
198 ## If you are running a high-traffic site you might want to increase this
199 ## limit by setting server.max-fds.
200 ##
201 ## Changing this setting requires root permissions on startup. see
202 ## server.username/server.groupname.
203 ##
204 ## By default lighttpd would not change the operation system default.
205 ## But setting it to 2048 is a better default for busy servers.
206 ##
207 server.max-fds = 2048
218
219 ##
220 ## Fine tuning for the request handling
221 ##
222 ## max-connections == max-fds/2 (maybe /3)
223 ## means the other file handles are used for fastcgi/files
224 ##
225 server.max-connections = 1024
1、靜态伺服器測試
即apache、nginx、lighttpd性能對比。
伺服器相同配置 :
開啟gzip、關閉etag
測試程式和web server在同一台伺服器上,測試指令:
ab -c 1000 -n 50000 http://localhost/index.html
siege -c 1000 -r 20 http://localhost/index.html
apache:html檔案13k,gzip壓縮為4.9k
header:
apache
測試結果:
并發 | httpd子程序數 | 整機512M記憶體使用率 | CPU使用率 | iowait |
3 | 19% | |||
1000 | 10 | 30% | 38% | |
3000 | 14 | 60% | 38% | |
5000 | 10-30 | 65%-99% | 20%-40% | 0-30 |
8000 | 100 | 99% | 3%-50% | 20-100 |
nginx:html檔案13.2k,gzip壓縮為5.34k
header:
nginx
Request URL:http://shaixuan.org/index.html
Request Method:GET
Status Code:200 OK
Request Headersview source
Accept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Charset:UTF-8,*;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding:gzip,deflate,sdch
Accept-Language:zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6,en;q=0.4
Cache-Control:no-cache
Connection:keep-alive
Host:shaixuan.org
Pragma:no-cache
User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.8 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1251.2 Safari/537.8
Response Headersview source
Connection:keep-alive
Content-Encoding:gzip
Content-Type:text/html
Date:Mon, 03 Sep 2012 13:19:23 GMT
Last-Modified:Mon, 03 Sep 2012 12:33:45 GMT
Server:nginx/1.2.3
Transfer-Encoding:chunked
測試結果:
并發 | 整機512M記憶體使用率 | CPU使用率 | iowait |
29% | |||
1000 | 35% | 40% | |
3000 | 46% | 43% | |
5000 | 55% | 42% | 0-1 |
8000 | 65% | 45% | |
15000 | 88% | 45% | |
17000 | 97% | 47% |
lighttpd:html檔案13k,gzip壓縮為4.96k
header:
lighttpd
Request URL:http://shaixuan.org/
Request Method:GET
Status Code:200 OK
Request Headersview source
Accept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Charset:UTF-8,*;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding:gzip,deflate,sdch
Accept-Language:zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6,en;q=0.4
Cache-Control:max-age=0
Connection:keep-alive
Host:shaixuan.org
Pragma:no-cache
User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.8 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1251.2 Safari/537.8
Response Headersview source
Accept-Ranges:bytes
Content-Encoding:gzip
Content-Length:4819
Content-Type:text/html
Date:Tue, 04 Sep 2012 12:51:42 GMT
ETag:"1028714895"
Last-Modified:Tue, 04 Sep 2012 12:29:10 GMT
Server:lighttpd/1.4.31
Vary:Accept-Encoding
測試結果:
并發 | 整機512M記憶體使用率 | CPU使用率 | iowait |
29% | |||
1000 | |||
3000 | 46% | 41% | 0-6 |
5000 | 60% | 40% | 0-1 |
8000 | 75% | 45% | |
12000 | 81% | 35% | |
14000 | 87% | 36% | |
16000 | 99% | 40% |
2、動态伺服器測試
即apache + php module、nginx + php-fpm、nginx + php-cgi、lighttpd + spawn-fcgi對比。
測試指令:
siege -c 1200 -r 20 http://localhost/phpinfo.php
/usr/local/apache2/bin/ab -c 100 -t 50 http://localhost/phpinfo.php
php版本 5.4.6,測試代碼phpinfo();
apache + php module:php檔案63.57k,gzip壓縮為11.21k
測試結果:
并發 | 整機512M記憶體使用率 | CPU使用率 | iowait |
29% | |||
100 | 68% | 8% | |
200 | 72% | 10% | |
400 | 95% | 10% | |
600 | 99% | 15% | 1-15 |
nginx + php-fpm(多個php-fpm子程序):php檔案57.41k,gzip壓縮為10.84k
phpinfo顯示Server API:FPM/FastCGI
fastcgi的socket方式:tcp socket
php編譯參數:
php-fpm
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=www-data --with-fpm-group=www-data --with-curl --with-mcrypt --enable-mbstring --enable-pdo --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --enable-zip
測試結果:
并發 | 整機512M記憶體使用率 | CPU使用率 | iowait | siege成功率 |
33% | ||||
100 | 37% | 8% | 100% | |
200 | ||||
400 | 45% | 10% | 99.96% | |
800 | 55% 14個php-fpm,每個5.9M | 12% | 96.31% | |
1000 | 60% | 10% | 90.77% | |
1200 | 69%,Linux file限制,測試出錯 | 30% |
nginx + php-fpm(多個php-fpm子程序):php檔案54.57k,gzip壓縮為9.16k
phpinfo顯示Server API:FPM/FastCGI
fastcgi的socket方式:unix domain socket
測試結果:
并發 | 整機512M記憶體使用率 | CPU使用率 | iowait | siege成功率 |
32% | ||||
100 | 35% | 7% | 100% | |
200 | 40% | 12% | 100% | |
400 | 43% | 14% | 100% | |
800 | 55% | 14% | 96.70% | |
1000 | 60% 21個php-fpm,每個5.9M | 14% | 92.02% | |
1200 | 50%,Linux file限制,測試出錯 | 50% | 49% |
nginx + 一個php-cgi:php檔案64.65k,gzip壓縮為11.89k
sudo /usr/local/php-fpm/bin/php-cgi -b 9000 -q
php-cgi可以常駐(long-live)監聽一個端口,是以是fastcgi,但是由于沒有程序管理器,隻能啟動一個程序,并發承受力低。
phpinfo顯示Server API:FPM/FastCGI
測試結果:
并發100時,經過5秒,php-cgi崩潰退出。
lighttpd + lighttpd自帶的spawn-fcgi程序管理器(多個php-cgi子程序):php檔案58.68k,gzip壓縮為9.83k
phpinfo顯示Server API:CGI/FastCGI
fastcgi的socket方式:unix domain socket
lighttpd的fastcgi.conf配置:
fastcgi.server
22 fastcgi.server = ( ".php" =>
23 ( "php-local" =>
24 (
25 "socket" => socket_dir + "/php-fastcgi-1.socket",
26 "bin-path" => "/usr/local/php-fpm/bin/php-cgi",
27 "max-procs" => 2,
28 "broken-scriptfilename" => "enable",
29 "bin-environment" => (
30 "PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN" => "16",
31 "PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS" => "500",
32 ),
33 )
34 ),
測試結果:
并發 | 整機512M記憶體使用率 | CPU使用率 | iowait | siege成功率 |
53% 34個php-cgi程序,每個3M | ||||
100 | 65% 每個5.3M | 10% | ||
200 | 65% 每個5.7M | 10% | 100% | |
400 | 72% 每個5.7M | 11% | 100% | |
800 | 84% 每個5.7M | 10% | 99.49% | |
1000 | 90% 每個5.7M | 12% | 97.41% | |
1200 | Linux file限制,測試出錯 |
參考資料:
http://www.cnblogs.com/killkill/archive/2010/04/14/1711810.html
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mpm_common.html#MaxRequestWorkers
http://www.php.net/manual/zh/install.fpm.php
http://www.niutian365.com/blog/article.asp?id=263
http://redmine.lighttpd.net/projects/1/wiki/Docs_ModCompress
http://redmine.lighttpd.net/projects/lighttpd/wiki/Docs_PerformanceFastCGI
http://php.net/manual/zh/install.unix.lighttpd-14.php
http://www.361way.com/mpm/1052.html
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-13939710-id-2861331.html
http://www.yylib.com/blog/?p=70
http://kb.cnblogs.com/page/95605/
http://www.dbanotes.net/web/lighttpd_spawn-fcgi.html
http://www.mike.org.cn/articles/what-is-cgi-fastcgi-php-fpm-spawn-fcgi/
http://www.php.net/manual/zh/install.unix.apache2.php
http://ferreousbox.iteye.com/blog/196212
http://nigelzeng.iteye.com/blog/1197339
http://blog.csdn.net/tujiyue/article/details/7027134