- 語音識别的簡單介紹
基于MATLAB VQ算法的說話人識别系統，矢量量化起着雙重作用。在訓練階段，把每一個說話者所提取的特征參數進行分類，産生不同碼字所組成的碼本。在識别(比對)階段，我們用VQ方法計算平均失真測度(本系統在計算距離d時，采用歐氏距離測度)，進而判斷說話人是誰。
語音識别系統結構框圖如圖1所示
。
圖1 語音識别系統結構框圖
- 語者識别的概念
語者識别就是根據說話人的語音信号來判别說話人的身份。語音是人的自然屬性之一，由于說話人發音器官的生理差異以及後天形成的行為差異，每個人的語音都帶有強烈的個人色彩，這就使得通過分析語音信号來識别說話人成為可能。用語音來鑒别說話人的身份有着許多獨特的優點，如語音是人的固有的特征，不會丢失或遺忘；語音信号的采集友善，系統裝置成本低；利用電話網絡還可實作遠端客戶服務等。是以，近幾年來，說話人識别越來越多的受到人們的重視。與其他生物識别技術如指紋識别、手形識别等相比較，說話人識别不僅使用友善，而且屬于非接觸性，容易被使用者接受，并且在已有的各種生物特征識别技術中，是唯一可以用作遠端驗證的識别技術。是以，說話人識别的應用前景非常廣泛：今天，說話人識别技術已經關系到多學科的研究領域，不同領域中的進步都對說話人識别的發展做出了貢獻。說話人識别技術是集聲學、語言學、計算機、資訊處理和人工智能等諸多領域的一項綜合技術，應用需求将十分廣闊。在吃力語音信号的時候如何提取信号中關鍵的成分尤為重要。語音信号的特征參數的好壞直接導緻了辨識的準确性。
- 示範分析
我們的功能分為兩部分:對已經儲存的9個數字的語音進行辨識和實時的判斷說話人說的是否為一個數.在前者的實驗過程中,先把9個數字的聲音儲存成wav的格式,放在一個檔案夾中,作為一個檢測的資料庫.然後對檢測者實行識别,系統給出提示是哪個數字.
在第二個功能中,實時的錄取一段說話人的聲音作為模闆,提取mfcc特征參數,随後緊接着進行遇着識别,也就是讓其他人再說相同的話,看是否是原說話者.
實驗過程及具體功能如下：
先打開Matlab 使Current Directory為錄音及程式所所在的檔案夾
再打開檔案“enter.m”，點run運作，打開enter界面，點選“進入”按鈕進入系統。（注：檔案包未封裝完畢，目前隻能通過此方式打開運作。）（如下圖figure1）
選擇載入語音庫語音個數；
點選語音庫錄制模版進行已存語音資訊的提取；
點選錄音-test進行現場錄音；
點選語者判斷進行判斷數字，并顯示出來。
在實時語者識别子產品: 點選實時錄制模闆上的“錄音-train”按鈕,是把新語者的聲音以wav格式存放在”實時模闆”檔案夾中, 接着點選“實時錄制模闆”，把新的模闆提取特征值。随後點選實時語者識别模闆上的“錄音-train”按鈕,是把語者的聲音以wav格式存放在”測試”檔案夾中,再點選“實時語者識别”，在對測得的聲音提取特征值的同時，和實時模闆進行比對，然後得出是否是實時模闆中的語者。另外面闆上的播放按鈕都是播放相對應左邊錄取的聲音。
想要測量多次，隻要接着錄音，自動儲存，然後程式比對音頻就可以。
退出隻要點選菜單File/Exit，退出程式。
運作代碼
附：GUI程式代碼
function varargout = untitled2(varargin)
% UNTITLED2 M-file for untitled2.fig
% UNTITLED2, by itself, creates a new UNTITLED2 or raises the existing
% singleton*.
%
% H = UNTITLED2 returns the handle to a new UNTITLED2 or the handle to
% the existing singleton*.
%
% UNTITLED2('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
% function named CALLBACK in UNTITLED2.M with the given input arguments.
%
% UNTITLED2('Property','Value',...) creates a new UNTITLED2 or raises the
% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are
% applied to the GUI before untitled2_OpeningFunction gets called. An
% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
% stop. All inputs are passed to untitled2_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one
% instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
% Copyright 2002-2003 The MathWorks, Inc.
% Edit the above text to modify the response to help untitled2
% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 08-Jun-2010 23:58:57
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...
'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...
'gui_OpeningFcn', @untitled2_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @untitled2_OutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% --- Executes just before untitled2 is made visible.
function untitled2_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to untitled2 (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for untitled2
handles.output = hObject;
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
axes(findobj('tag','axes13'));
imshow('3.jpg');
axes(findobj('tag','axes12'));
imshow('1.jpg');
% UIWAIT makes untitled2 wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = untitled2_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
Channel_Str=get(handles.popupmenu3,'String');
Channel_Number=str2double(Channel_Str{get(handles.popupmenu3,'Value')});
global moodle;
moodle = train('模版\',Channel_Number) %¶Ô´ýÇóÓïÒô½øÐÐÌáÈ¡Âë±¾
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.
function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handglobal data1;
global moodle ;
test('測試\',1,moodle)%ʵʱÓïÒô¼ì²â
% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function Open_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to Open (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
[filename,pathname]=uigetfile('')
file=get(handles.edits,[filename,pathname])
[y,f,b]=wavread(file);
% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function Exit_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to Exit (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
exit
% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function About_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to About (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
H=['語者識别']
helpdlg(H,'help text')
% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function File_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to File (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function Edit_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to Edit (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function Help_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to Help (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton7.
function pushbutton7_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton7 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
msg='請速度錄音¡'
msgbox(msg)
clear
global data1;
%global dataDN1;
AI = analoginput('winsound');
chan = addchannel(AI,1:2);
duration = 3; %1 second acquisition
set(AI,'SampleRate',8000)
ActualRate = get(AI,'SampleRate');
set(AI,'SamplesPerTrigger',duration*ActualRate)
set(AI,'TriggerType','Manual')
blocksize = get(AI,'SamplesPerTrigger');
Fs = ActualRate;
start(AI)
trigger(AI)
[data1,time,abstime,events] = getdata(AI);
fname=sprintf('E:\\Matlab語音識别系統\\實時模版\\s1.wav')
%dataDN1=wden(data1,'heursure','s','one',5,'sym8');denoise
wavwrite(data1,fname)
msgbox(fname)
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton8.
function pushbutton8_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton8 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
global data1;
%global dataDN1;
sound(data1)
%sound(dataDN1)
axes(handles.axes1)%set to plot at axes1
plot(data1);
%plot(dataDN1);
xlabel('訓練采樣序列'),ylabel('信号幅');
%xlabel('ѵÁ·²ÉÑùÐòÁÐ'),ylabel('sym8С²¨½µÔëºóµÄÐźŷù');
grid on;
clear
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton9.
function pushbutton9_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton9 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
msg='請速度錄音¡'
msgbox(msg)
clear
global data2;
%global dataDN2;
AI = analoginput('winsound');
chan = addchannel(AI,1:2);
duration = 3; %1 second acquisition
set(AI,'SampleRate',8000)
ActualRate = get(AI,'SampleRate');
set(AI,'SamplesPerTrigger',duration*ActualRate)
set(AI,'TriggerType','Manual')
blocksize = get(AI,'SamplesPerTrigger');
Fs = ActualRate;
start(AI)
trigger(AI)
[data2,time,abstime,events] = getdata(AI);
fname=sprintf('E:\\Matlab語音識别系統\\測試\\s1.wav')
%dataDN1=wden(data1,'heursure','s','one',5,'sym8');denoise
wavwrite(data2,fname)
msgbox(fname)
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton10.
function pushbutton10_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton10 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
global data2;
%global dataDN2;
sound(data2)
%sound(dataDN2)
axes(handles.axes2)%set to plot at axes1
plot(data2);
%plot(dataDN2);
xlabel('測試采樣序列'),ylabel('信号幅');
%xlabel('²âÊÔ²ÉÑùÐòÁÐ'),ylabel('sym8С²¨½µÔëºóµÄÐźŷù');%%
grid on;
clear
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton11.
function pushbutton11_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton11 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
global moodle ;
testDB('測試\',1,moodle)
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton12.
function pushbutton12_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton12 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
global moodle;
moodle = train('實時模闆\',1)
% --- Executes on selection change in popupmenu3.
function popupmenu3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to popupmenu3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: contents = get(hObject,'String') returns popupmenu3 contents as cell array
% contents{get(hObject,'Value')} returns selected item from popupmenu3
str=get(handles.popupmenu3,'String');
val=str2num(str{get(handles.popupmenu3,'Value')});
switch val
case 1
case 2
case 3
case 4
case 5
case 6
case 7
case 8
case 9
end
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function popupmenu3_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to popupmenu3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: popupmenu controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton9.
function pushbutton13_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton9 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton10.
function pushbutton14_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton10 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
%function axes8_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to axes8 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: place code in OpeningFcn to populate axes8