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spring mvc 注解開發配置

1.pom.xml 檔案引入核心庫,并且開啟資源過濾

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>springmvc</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <build>
   <resources>
       <resource>
           <directory>src/main/java</directory>
           <includes>
               <include>**/*.properties</include>
               <include>**/*.xml</include>
           </includes>
           <filtering>false</filtering>
       </resource>
       <resource>
           <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
           <includes>
               <include>**/*.properties</include>
               <include>**/*.xml</include>
           </includes>
           <filtering>false</filtering>
       </resource>
   </resources>
</build>
    <dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
           

2.spring mvc 配置web.xml  , 注冊DispatcherServlet

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
        version="4.0">

   <!--1.注冊DispatcherServlet-->
   <servlet>
       <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
       <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
       <!--關聯一個springmvc的配置檔案:【servlet-name】-servlet.xml-->
       <init-param>
           <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
           <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
       </init-param>
       <!--啟動級别-1-->
       <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
   </servlet>

   <!--/ 比對所有的請求;(不包括.jsp)-->
   <!--/* 比對所有的請求;(包括.jsp)-->
   <servlet-mapping>
       <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
       <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
   </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>
           

3.在resource目錄下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置檔案,配置的形式與Spring容器配置基本類似,為了支援基于注解的IOC,設定了自動掃描包的功能,具體配置資訊如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
      xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

   <!-- 自動掃描包,讓指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器統一管理 -->
   <context:component-scan base-package="com.he.controller"/>
   <!-- 讓Spring MVC不處理靜态資源 -->
   <mvc:default-servlet-handler />
   <!--
   支援mvc注解驅動
       在spring中一般采用@RequestMapping注解來完成映射關系
       要想使@RequestMapping注解生效
       必須向上下文中注冊DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
       和一個AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter執行個體
       這兩個執行個體分别在類級别和方法級别處理。
       而annotation-driven配置幫助我們自動完成上述兩個執行個體的注入。
    -->
   <mvc:annotation-driven />

   <!-- 視圖解析器 -->
   <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
         id="internalResourceViewResolver">
       <!-- 字首 -->
       <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
       <!-- 字尾 -->
       <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
   </bean>

</beans>
           

4.建立 Controller

package com.he.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/HelloController")
public class HelloController {

   //真實通路位址 : 項目名/HelloController/hello
   @RequestMapping("/hello")
   public String sayHello(Model model){
       //向模型中添加屬性msg與值,可以在JSP頁面中取出并渲染
       model.addAttribute("msg","hello,SpringMVC");
       //web-inf/jsp/hello.jsp
       return "hello";
  }
}
           
  • @Controller是為了讓Spring IOC容器初始化時自動掃描到;
  • @RequestMapping是為了映射請求路徑,這裡因為類與方法上都有映射是以通路時應該是/HelloController/hello;
  • 方法中聲明Model類型的參數是為了把Action中的資料帶到視圖中;
  • 方法傳回的結果是視圖的名稱hello,加上配置檔案中的前字尾變成WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp。

5.建立視圖

在WEB-INF/ jsp目錄中建立hello.jsp , 視圖可以直接取出并展示從Controller帶回的資訊;

可以通過EL表示取出Model中存放的值,或者對象;

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
   <title>SpringMVC</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>
           

6.将 artifacts 中 建立一個 lib 包 将項目依賴包導入進去