linux系統 dd指令做U盤啟動

linux系統 dd指令做U盤啟動盤

U盤啟動盤制作

1 準備iso系統鏡像

系統官網下載下傳您需要的iso檔案

2 插入U盤

cat /proc/partitions

檢視裝置

插入U盤

cat /proc/partitions

檢視新的裝置名稱

fdisk -l

檢視硬碟資訊

3 檢視挂載

df -H

如果裝置名稱 說明自動挂載了，需要解除安裝

sudo umount <裝置路徑：/dev/sdx>

4 格式化U盤（非必須，但是我還是格式化了）

mkfs -t vfat <裝置路徑：/dev/sdx>

格式化失敗（未解決）

sudo fdisk -l 檢視u盤

mkfs.vfat /dev/sdb 你的u盤

若遇到mkfs.vfat: Device partition expected, not making filesystem on entire device ‘/dev/sdb’ (use -I to override

執行 sudo mkfs.vfat -I /dev/sdb

重新查拔U盤，問題解決

删除分區（解決）

#fdisk /dev/sda (注意sda後不要加數字)

command(m for help): m 輸入m後，就會看到很多指令

command(m for help): p 輸出目前磁盤的狀态

command(m for help): q 想要不存儲離開嗎？按下q,請不要随便按w

新增分區：#fdisk /dev/sda

command(m for help): n 此時系統會提示新增P（主分區）還是E（擴充分區），系統一般是（4個P）+E，而且E分區号必須從5開始

p 這裡自行決定是P還是E

Partition number(1-4):3 編号可以随意

First cylinder: 這裡按下ENTER就行了

Last cylinder or …： +100M

再輸入P的時候就能看到新增的分區了

删除分區：

#fdisk /dev/sda

command(m for help): d

選擇分區号

記住q—不存儲離開 w—存儲離開

附上容易混淆的兩個指令： df(disk free)—顯示磁盤的檔案系統與使用情形

du(disk usage)—顯示指定的目錄或檔案所占用的磁盤空間

筆者期間顯示忙，換了一個讀卡器，問題解決

5 dd指令開始制作啟動盤

sudo dd if=<鏡像路徑：/path/xxx.iso> of=<裝置路徑/dev/sdx> bs=1M

注：注意替換自己的鏡像位址，注意替換自己的u盤，以及bs參數可調整。

dd --help

# dd --help
Usage: dd [OPERAND]...
  or:  dd OPTION
Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the operands.

  bs=BYTES        read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time
  cbs=BYTES       convert BYTES bytes at a time
  conv=CONVS      convert the file as per the comma separated symbol list
  count=N         copy only N input blocks
  ibs=BYTES       read up to BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
  if=FILE         read from FILE instead of stdin
  iflag=FLAGS     read as per the comma separated symbol list
  obs=BYTES       write BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
  of=FILE         write to FILE instead of stdout
  oflag=FLAGS     write as per the comma separated symbol list
  seek=N          skip N obs-sized blocks at start of output
  skip=N          skip N ibs-sized blocks at start of input
  status=LEVEL    The LEVEL of information to print to stderr;
                  'none' suppresses everything but error messages,
                  'noxfer' suppresses the final transfer statistics,
                  'progress' shows periodic transfer statistics

N and BYTES may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M
GB =1000*1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.

Each CONV symbol may be:

  ascii     from EBCDIC to ASCII
  ebcdic    from ASCII to EBCDIC
  ibm       from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC
  block     pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size
  unblock   replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline
  lcase     change upper case to lower case
  ucase     change lower case to upper case
  sparse    try to seek rather than write the output for NUL input blocks
  swab      swap every pair of input bytes
  sync      pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used
            with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs
  excl      fail if the output file already exists
  nocreat   do not create the output file
  notrunc   do not truncate the output file
  noerror   continue after read errors
  fdatasync  physically write output file data before finishing
  fsync     likewise, but also write metadata

Each FLAG symbol may be:

  append    append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested)
  direct    use direct I/O for data
  directory  fail unless a directory
  dsync     use synchronized I/O for data
  sync      likewise, but also for metadata
  fullblock  accumulate full blocks of input (iflag only)
  nonblock  use non-blocking I/O
  noatime   do not update access time
  nocache   Request to drop cache.  See also oflag=sync
  noctty    do not assign controlling terminal from file
  nofollow  do not follow symlinks
  count_bytes  treat 'count=N' as a byte count (iflag only)
  skip_bytes  treat 'skip=N' as a byte count (iflag only)
  seek_bytes  treat 'seek=N' as a byte count (oflag only)

Sending a USR1 signal to a running 'dd' process makes it
print I/O statistics to standard error and then resume copying.

Options are:

      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/dd>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) dd invocation'
           

6 測試

設定從U盤啟動，進入安裝界面，沒有問題