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正确寫理想的學術論文英文摘要

如何寫學術論文英文摘要

Marshal Zheng 2019-06-02

文章目錄

      • 如何寫學術論文英文摘要
        • 背景介紹
        • 基本格式
        • 基本要求
        • 重要:時态和語态
        • 理想的摘要内容
        • 常用技巧
          • 開頭
          • 結尾

背景介紹

​ 寫學術論文的英文摘要是深造必經的一個訓練,是以本文作者在查閱諸多資料的基礎上,寫下此文章,供分享和備忘。

基本格式

  • 一般以本學校或投稿要求決定
  • 若沒有具體要求,我常用以下格式:
    • 字型:Times New Roman
    • 字号:小四
    • 行間距:20磅
    • 效果如下
      正确寫理想的學術論文英文摘要
  • ps:整體看起來比較美觀,由于英文字型有其自有的特點,這樣的排版使得看上去不密密麻麻,也更容易閱讀和修改。

基本要求

  • 正式文體
    • 用詞規範
    • 句子完整
    • 少用縮寫詞,如果用,要做好标注
  • 精煉
    • 盡量不要舉例子
    • 整體内容銜接緊湊,有因有果,有條理性(連接配接詞是個好方法)
  • 具體
    • 每個概念表述具體,盡量不要寫“與……有關”,直接寫“show what”,“demonstrate what”……
    • 完成了什麼,實作了什麼效果,說清楚好辦事

重要:時态和語态

  • 一般現在時:說明研究目的,研究内容,描述結果,得出結論,提出建議,公認事實,自然規律等等
    • 常用的句式如:this study is/shows……,** this paper** develops……,the result shows……
  • 一般過去式:描述過去的發現,某一個研究過程實驗等等
  • 完成時比較少用,過去完成時描述過去的過去
  • 語态:一般用被動語态,多用第三人稱
  • 語态例句:A and B were evaluated by……. To describe……,this paper illustrates……
  • 重要注意點:
    • 在介紹背景資料時,如果是不受時間影響的普遍事實,使用現在時;如果是對某種研究趨勢的概述,可以用現在完成時。
    • 在叙述研究目的或主要研究活動時,如果采用“論文導向”,多使用現在時,比如 This paper presents…,因為論文寫作的時間是現在;如果采用“研究導向”,則使用過去時,比如 This study investigated…,因為研究已經完成。
    • 在概述主要結果時,通常用現在時。
    • 叙述結論或建議時,可使用現在時和将來時。

理想的摘要内容

  • 目的和範圍:簡明扼要的說明研究的目的和範圍,或者說明寫文章的原因,暗示該項研究的特點,結果和意義
    • 例如:
    • This paper develops a theoretical framework to evaluate the benefits and costs of energy projects in oil-producing developing countries. This paper presents an approach to equipment reliability prediction based on the concept that failures of electronic equipment are ultimately due to chemical, mechanical and/or metallurgical processes. This paper ( report, thesis,work, presentation, document, account, etc.) describes ( reports, explains, outlines, summarizes, documents, evaluates, surveys, develops, investigates, discusses, focuses on, analyzes, etc. ) the results (approach, role, framework, etc.) of … This paper ( article, report, etc.) addresses ( is concerned with, argues, specifies, covers, etc.) the following questions… This paper has three main objectives… This research project is devoted to… The objective ( purpose, motivation, etc.) of this paper ( report, program, etc.) is… Our goal has been to develop…
  • 方法和過程:一般使用常用名詞短語前置,重點内容顯著強調,特别注重描述新方法,注意使用連接配接詞使之前後連貫
    • 例如:
    • Procedures for testing atmospheric transport and dispersion models for distances of several hundred to 1000 km from sources of pollutants are reviewed. The first known measurement of the differential cross section for electron capture to the continuum (ECC) from atomic hydrogen is presented.
  • 結果和結論:清楚清楚清楚的展現
    • 結果:包括實驗和理論結果,觀察到的現象規律等等
    • 結論:結果的價值、用途與意義,也包括假設和建議等等
    • 例如:
    • It was found that both molecular weight an d its distribution affected tensile strength It has been observed (shown, proved , etc.) that… These experiments indicate (reveal, show, demonstrate, etc.) that… The approach (method, framework, etc.) promises to be very useful for… The (experimental) results show (indicate, suggest, etc.)that… It is shown (concluded, proposed, etc.)that… This could imply that… This strategy appeared to be effective in… These studies are of significance to … These results have direct application to…

常用技巧

開頭
  • 開門見山
    • This paper describes recent modeling and experimental studies of reverse combustion (RC) linking, aimed at understanding the propagation of dynamics of a RC front.
  • 引人入勝
    • Recent research on parallel systems has shown that the most difficult problem for system designers and users is inter-processor connection and communication. A methodology for the automated design and implementation of inter-processor communication for certain multiple-processor systems has been developed and is presented in this paper.
結尾
  • 使用結論結尾,而不隻是結果
    • The results indicate that the sludge ash could be used as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Hot hardness testing promises to be very useful for geoscientific purposes and applicable to a wide range of experimental research.

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