Oracle GoldenGate悠遠曆史

原版： The company was originally started by John Cullinane and Larry English in 1968 as Cullinane Corporation. Their idea was to sell pre-packaged software to mainframe users, which was at that time a new concept in an era when enterprises only used internally developed applications or the software that came bundled with the hardware.[1] Rather than write its own products, Cullinane approached IT (information technology) departments (at that time called Data Processing departments) of major enterprises, particularly banks, to identify internally developed applications that he felt had potential to be productized and licensed to others. However, it proved difficult to sell these applications because most weren't generalized and supportable systems. As a result, the company decided to develop a source code management system, called PLUS, that competed with Pansophic's (PanDA) and UCC's products (UCC-1 tape management system, etc.). The first version of PLUS (which stood for Program Library Update System) required the use of magnetic tape devices, and was not competitive with the other, disk-based products. Although the company eventually responded with a disk-based version, called PLUS-DA (which stood for Direct Access, a common name for disks at the time) they did not become successful in this market. The first breakthrough product was a report writer named Culprit, developed in-house by Gil Curtis and Anna Marie Thron, who had built the PHI payroll system. The product competed with Mark IV from Informatics, but was perceived as a late entry in the report writer category. The company struggled with financial stability until it branded a variation of Culprit, EDP Auditor, which was nothing more than a second name for the same product with a collection of predefined reports, but more importantly, special services aimed at the new discipline of EDP (electronic data processing) Auditing including the first EDP Auditors User, special support to give auditors independence of data processing which was very important to them.[2] What was remarkable is that many corporations licensed essentially identical products. This led to serendipitous prosperity for Cullinane. As EDP auditors developed knowledge about business systems and computers, they could invariably produce reports faster than slower-moving, internal IT departments. As a result, MIS (management information systems) departments would feel compelled to buy the Culprit version for their own use — to compete. As the company prospered in the early 1970s, it was approached by a consultant to BFGoodrich, Naomi O. Seligman, to consider taking over development of a Honeywell database management system called Integrated Data Store (IDS) that had been modified to operate on IBM and IBM compatible (RCA) mainframes. IDS was originally developed by General Electric, and Bill Curtis had supposedly gotten the rights to convert the system to run on IBM equipment.[dubious – discuss] The decision was made in early 1973 — primarily by John Cullinane, Jim Baker and Tom Muerer — to bet the company on the effort. Several executives joined the effort over the next three years, including Andrew Filipowski, Robert Goldman, Jon Nackerud, Ron McKinney, William Casey, Bob Davis, Bill Linn, and Ray Nawara. IDMS was to be a great bet for the company as it became the leader among many capable and popular products of the mainframe era. It competed with Cincom's Total, Software AG's ADABAS, Applied Data Research's DATACOM/DB, Computer Corporation of America's Model 204, MRI (later Intel's) System 2000 and IBM's IMS & DL/1.[3] In 1976, the source code was sold to International Computers Limited (ICL), whose developers ported the software to run on their 2900 series mainframes, and subsequently also on the older 1900 range. ICL continued development of the software independently of Cullinane, selling the originally ported product under the name IDMS and an enhanced version as IDMSX. In this form, it was used by many large UK and international users — examples being the Pay-As-You-Earn system operated by Inland Revenue and a system for Barclays Bank inSouth Africa. Many of these systems are still running in 2010 on Fujitsu equipment. John Cullinane mentored a series of future entrepreneurs and software industry executives. One of the early executives was Andrew 'Flip' Filipowski, who later founded Platinum Technology, Inc.. Another was Robert Goldman who became the CEO of several public software companies including AICorp. Jon Nackerud was a co-founder of Relational Technology, Inc., formed to commercialize the Ingres database management system. Prior to becoming a public company in 1978, the company's name was changed to Cullinane Database Systems, Inc. The company changed its name again to Cullinet Software in 1983, partly because John Cullinane wanted to distance his name from the personal connection to the business when he turned the company over to Bob Goldman, and also in a nod to the importance of computer networking (as evidenced by the company's simultaneous acquisition of Computer Pictures, whose microcomputer-based desktop system linked to IDMS data). Joe McNay, a board member, was particularly important regarding the company's IPO, the first ever in the software products industry. Greylock purchased some shares from John Cullinane in 1977, less than a year before the company was to go public. It was to be the early foundation on which their Greylock's software technology investment prowess rested. It was Greylock’s first investment in a software company. Cullinane's public offering was of note as it was the first successful offering of a pure software products company ever and the first software company Hambrecht & Quist ever took public. Cullinet was also the first software company to have a billion dollar valuation, and the first to do a Super Bowl ad. Specifically, Cullinane Database Systems, Inc., went public in 1978. On April 27, 1982 the company became the first computer software firm to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange and later, the first to become a component stock of the S&P 500 Index. However, two quarters after the company went public IBM introduced its 4300 series. Its salesmen told all mutual clients that IDMS didn't run on the 4300 series and that all IBM software of the future would be built with IMS/DL1. This caused a major problem as every IDMS customer went ballistic and every prospect went on hold. The company only had three months to solve this marketing problem and technical problem, and remarkably, they did. Technically, it only required the modification of one instruction to get IDMS running on a 4300. The solution to the company's revenue problem turned out to be its new Integrated Data Dictionary[dubious – discuss]. By moving very fast, the company used it to put IBM on the defensive and made its numbers[clarification needed], no small accomplishment. It then went from winning one out five competitions to winning four out five and this fueled its growth. Beginning in 1979, in an attempt to promote less dependence on the database sales alone, Cullinane fully integrated financial and manufacturing applications with IDMS and decision support systems, another first. The company acquired financial applications from McCormack & Dodge ("M&D"), a financial software company (acquired by Dun & Bradstreet later in 1983) and completely rewrote them using IDMS. They also acquired an MRP system from Rath & Strong and completely rewrote it using IDMS. Thus, Cullinet had a suite of integrated financial and manufacturing systems (called CIMS Cullinet Integrated Manufacturing System), the first on-line database driven applications, and was a major competitor in what is now called ERP. The company had become a software powerhouse. Eventually, it acquired a small Boston-based company called Computer Pictures whose graphics-focused decision support system TrendSpotter had already been integrated with IDMS and was very successful. This team developed Goldengate, a Lotus Symphony-like PC product. Goldengate was a part of Cullinet's flawed ICMS (Information Center Management System). The promise of ICMS was the ability to move data between the mainframe and PC desktop. Apple Computer was supposed to do the same for the Apple Lisa, but never delivered. ICMS was unveiled in 1983 as part of a splashy 20+ city closed circuit TV broadcast that focused on IDMS/R and fueled the market for Cullinet for the next two years, but it was obvious that it was getting harder to maintain its unbroken string of quarters with sales and earnings in excess of 50%. The company should have developed PC based IDMS development tools, instead. Ironically, it had the technology under development which was later to become the foundation of PowerBuilder at Powersoft. In fairness, many failures mark the landscape in that space and era including the Ovation product introduced with great fanfare by Ovation Corporation in a race with Lotus's Symphony suite attempting to create the early office suites dominated by Microsoft Corp. Goldengate's other flaw was that it was built pre-Windows, which was expensive for Cullinet because of all the permutations and combinations of PC hardware and memory configurations. In 1983 John Cullinane, after 25 years in the software business, handed over the helm of Cullinet to Bob Goldman while he began to pursue other interests. Things continued to go well, but eventually the company ran into trouble and Cullinane brought in a recent acquaintance, David Chapman, as CEO of the company. At the time, Cullinet had $50 million in cash reserves. David Chapman, a veteran IBM and Data General executive, started an aggressive campaign to acquire technology from other companies. The reason for bringing in Chapman was that the company had gotten hung up on the open architecture and relational issues. In other words, a company with an unparalleled record of outpositioning competition every two years, for sixteen years, including IBM, allowed itself to get outpositioned by IBM and others, with the help of E.F. Codd and C.J. Date. In 1986-87, Chapman attempted to move the company to the more and more powerful minicomputers such as Digital Equipment Corporation's VAX line of computers. In the process, Cullinet acquired some very questionable VAX companies, but one had an outstanding relational DBMS. By then it was too late — the company's $50 million of cash had been spent. In 1988, John Cullinane returned to Cullinet, fired Chapman and tried to salvage the company. By repositioning the company's product line with a new product called Enterprise Generator, he solved the open architecture problem and the company was able to return to profitability by the fourth quarter, which made it possible to negotiate a deal with Charles Wang, head of Computer Associates. In 1989, Wang bought the company for $330 million in stock. It was a good deal for investors, which was reflected in the fact that shares of CA increased in value at least tenfold during the 1990s. It was a good deal for John Cullinane, too. Much later, CA Technologies (formerly CA, Inc. and Computer Associates International, Inc.) still marketed and supported the CA IDMS relational database system for IBM z/OS, z/VSE and z/VM, Fujitsu Siemens BS2000/OSD, Linux (CA IDMS Server), UNIX (CA IDMS Server) and Windows (CA IDMS Server).

谷歌翻譯版：  Goldengate最初來源于Cullinet。Cullinet是一家軟體公司(Cullinet總部位于馬薩諸塞州)，其産品包括資料庫管理系統IDMS和內建軟體包Goldengate。1989年，該公司被Computer Associates收購。該公司最初由John Cullinane和Larry English于1968年建立成立Cullinane Corporation。他們的想法是将預包裝的軟體出售給大型機使用者，而當時大多企業還處于使用内部開發的應用程式或軟硬體互相捆綁的時代。 Cullinane不是寫自己的産品，而是接觸到主要企業，特别是銀行的IT（資訊技術）部門（當時稱為資料處理部門），以确定他認為有可能被生産和授權給他人的内部開發應用程式。 然而，這些應用程式的銷售難度很大，因為大多數應用程式不是通用的或者對作業系統的支援太差。 是以，公司決定開發一種名為PLUS的源代碼管理系統，該系統的競争對手是Pansophic（PanDA）和UCC的産品（UCC-1錄音帶管理系統等）。 PLUS的第一個版本（用于程式庫更新系統）需要使用錄音帶裝置，并且與其它基于磁盤的産品相比沒有競争力，最終在市場上并沒有或得成功。 第一個突破性産品是由柯爾蒂斯（Gil Curtis）和安娜瑪麗·特倫（Anna Marie Thron）内部開發的名為Culprit的report writer，該公司已經建立了PHI工資系統。 該産品與Informatics的Mark IV競争，但被認為是較晚進入report writer類别。 該公司掙紮着金融穩定，直到它标榜了Culprit，EDP審計師的一個變體，這隻是同一個産品的第二個名字，收集了預定義的報告，更重要的是，針對EDP的新紀律的特殊服務（ 電子資料處理）審計包括第一個EDP審計員使用者，特别支援審計師對資料處理的獨立性，這對他們非常重要。2 令人驚奇的是，許多公司都許可基本上是相同的産品。 這導緻了Cullinane的偶然的繁榮。 由于EDP審計員開發了有關業務系統和計算機的知識，是以它們可能總是比緩慢移動的内部IT部門更快地生成報告。 是以，MIS（管理資訊系統）部門将被迫購買Culprit版本供自己使用 - 競争。 随着公司在20世紀70年代初興起，BFGoodrich，Naomi O. Seligman的顧問接觸了考慮，接管了一個名為Integrated Data Store（IDS）的霍尼韋爾資料庫管理系統的開發工作，該系統被修改為在IBM和 IBM相容（RCA）大型機。 IDS最初是由通用電氣公司開發的，而比爾·柯蒂斯（Bill Curtis）據稱擁有将系統轉換為在IBM裝置上運作的權利可疑 - 讨論決定于1973年初進行，主要由John Cullinane，Jim Baker和Tom Muerer - 打賭公司的努力。 幾位高管在未來三年加入了這一工作，其中包括Andrew Filipowski，Robert Goldman，Jon Nackerud，Ron McKinney，William Casey，Bob Davis，Bill Linn和Ray Nawara。 IDMS對于公司來說是一個很好的賭注，因為它成為大型機時代衆多能力和受歡迎的産品中的上司者。 它與Cincom的Total，Software AG的ADABAS，應用資料研究的DATACOM / DB，美國204型計算機公司，後來的英特爾®系統2000和IBM的IMS & DL / 1競争。3 1976年，源代碼被出售給國際計算機有限公司（ICL），該公司的開發商将該軟體移植到2900系列大型機上運作，随後也在1900年的舊系列上運作。 ICL獨立于Cullinane繼續開發軟體，以IDMS的名義銷售原本移植的産品，并将其作為IDMSX的增強版本銷售。 在這種形式下，它被許多大型的英國和國際使用者使用 - 例如由Inland Revenue營運的"按收入支付"系統，以及南非巴克萊銀行系統。 許多這些系統在2010年仍在富士通裝置上運作。 約 翰·庫利尼納指導一系列未來的企業家和軟體業高管。 早期的高管之一是Andrew Flip'Filipowski，後來他成立了白金技術公司。另一位是羅伯特·戈德曼（Robert Goldman），他成為多家公司軟體公司（包括AICorp）的首席執行官。 Jon Nackerud是Relational Technology，Inc.的聯合創始人，将Ingres資料庫管理系統商業化。 在1978年成為上市公司之前，該公司的名稱已更改為Cullinane資料庫系統公司。該公司于1983年将其名稱重新更名為Cullinet Software，部分原因是John Cullinane希望将其名稱與個人業務的距離與業務距離 他把公司轉交給鮑勃·高德曼（Bob Goldman），同時也注意到計算機網絡的重要性（該公司同時收購了與美國IDMS資料相關的微機桌面系統的Computer Pictures）。 董事會成員Joe McNay對該公司的IPO尤其重要，該公司是軟體産品行業的第一家。 Greylock在1977年從John Cullinane購買了一些股票，不到公司上市前一年。 它是Greylock軟體技術投資實力的早期基礎。 Greylock是一家軟體公司的第一筆投資。 Cullinane的公開發行是值得注意的，因為它是第一個成功提供純軟體産品公司，以及第一家軟體公司Hambrecht & Quist曾經上市。 Cullinet也是第一家擁有十億美元估值的軟體公司，也是第一家做超級碗廣告的軟體公司。 具體來說，Cullinane資料庫系統有限公司于1978年上市。1982年4月27日，該公司成為首家在紐約證券交易所上市的計算機軟體公司，之後成為第一家成為S&P 500的元件庫存 指數。 不過，兩公裡後公司上市IBM推出了4300系列。 其銷售人員告訴所有互相客戶，IDMS并沒有在4300系列上運作，所有未來的IBM軟體都将使用IMS / DL1建構。 這造成了一個重大問題，因為每個IDMS客戶都進入彈道，每個潛在客戶都被擱置。 該公司隻有三個月的時間來解決這個營銷問題和技術問題，而且顯而易見。 在技術上，它隻需要修改一個指令來獲得IDMS在4300上運作。解決公司收入問題的解決方案成為其新的綜合資料字典可疑 - 讨論。 通過移動速度非常快，公司用它來将IBM置于防禦之上，并提出了數字需要澄清，沒有任何小的成就。 然後從赢得五場比賽中獲勝，赢得四分之一，這促進了其成長。 從1979年開始，為了促進對資料庫銷售的依賴性減少，Cullinane将金融和制造應用與IDMS和決策支援系統完全整合。 該公司從McCormack & Dodge（"M&D"）（一家于1983年晚些時候被Dun & Bradstreet收購）的金融軟體公司（"M&D"）獲得了财務申請，并使用IDMS完全重寫。 他們還從Rath & Strong獲得了MRP系統，并使用IDMS完全重寫了它。 是以，Cullinet擁有一套內建的金融和制造系統（稱為CIMS Cullinet內建制造系統），這是第一個線上資料庫驅動的應用程式，并且是現在稱為ERP的主要競争對手。 該公司已成為軟體強國。 最終，它收購了一家位于波士頓的小公司，名為Computer Pictures，其圖形化決策支援系統TrendSpotter已經與IDMS內建，并且非常成功。 這個團隊開發了Goldengate，一個Lotus Symphony的PC産品。 Goldengate是Cullinet有缺陷的ICMS（資訊中心管理系統）的一部分。 ICMS的承諾是在大型機和PC桌面之間移動資料的能力。 蘋果計算機應該對蘋果麗莎做同樣的事情，但從未傳遞過。 ICMS于1983年推出，作為20個城市閉路電視廣播的一部分，集中在IDMS / R，并為未來兩年的Cullinet市場推出，但很顯然，維持其不間斷的季度 銷售收入超過50％。 該公司應該開發基于PC的IDMS開發工具。 具有諷刺意味的是，它的技術正在開發中，後來成為Powersoft PowerBuilder的基礎。 公平地說，許多失敗标志着這個空間和時代的景觀，包括Ovation公司在與Lotus的Symphony套件的競賽中引以為傲的Ovation産品，試圖建立由微軟公司主導的早期辦公套件。 Goldengate的另一個缺陷是它是在Windows之前建構的，因為Cullinet的昂貴，因為PC硬體和記憶體配置的所有排列群組合。 1983年，約翰·庫利尼恩（John Cullinane）在軟體業務經過25年的努力下，将庫列内的掌舵人轉交給鮑勃·戈德曼（Bob Goldman），同時開始追求其他利益。 事情繼續下去，但最終公司陷入困境，Cullinane最近認識了David Chapman，擔任該公司的首席執行官。 當時，庫裡尼有5000萬美元的現金儲備。 經驗豐富的IBM和資料總裁David Chapman開始了一項積極的運動，以從其他公司擷取技術。 引進查普曼的原因是公司已經挂上了開放的架構和關系問題。 換句話說，在E.F. Codd和C.J. Date的幫助下，每兩年十年包括IBM在内的無可比拟的競争記錄的公司在IBM和其他公司的幫助下允許其自行撤銷。 在1986-87年，查普曼試圖将該公司轉移到越來越強大的小型計算機，如數字裝置公司的VAX系列電腦。 在此過程中，Cullinet收購了一些非常值得懷疑的VAX公司，但有一個是有優秀的關系DBMS。 那時候太晚了 - 公司的5000萬美元現金已經用完了。 1988年，約翰·庫利尼恩回到庫裡内，向查普曼開槍，并試圖挽救公司。 通過将公司的産品線重新定位為名為"企業發電機"的新産品，他解決了開放式架構問題，公司能夠在第四季度恢複盈利，這使得有可能與計算機協會負責人王先生談判達成協定 。 1989年，王先生以3.3億美元的股票收購了該公司。 這對投資者來說是一個很好的選擇，反映在這樣一個事實上，CA的股價在90年代至少增加了十倍。 對于約翰·庫利尼娜也是一個很好的交易。 不久之後，CA Technologies（以前的CA，Inc.和Computer Associates International，Inc.）仍然出售并支援了IBM z / OS，z / VSE和z / VM，Fujitsu Siemens BS2000 / OSD，Linux的CA IDMS關系資料庫系統 （CA IDMS伺服器），UNIX（CA IDMS伺服器）和Windows（CA IDMS伺服器）。