1.Nginx配置檔案測試
root@kallen:/usr/local/nginx/sbin# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
2.Nginx啟動
3.Nginx負載均衡
Nginx Architecture:
Nginx LoadBalance:
Nginx High Availability:
Nginx Access Process:
Nginx 的 upstream 目前支援4 種方式的配置設定——
(1)輪詢(預設) :
每個請求按時間順序逐一配置設定到不同的後端伺服器,如果後端伺服器down掉,能自動剔除。
(2)weight :
指定輪詢幾率,weight 和通路比率成正比,用于後端伺服器性能不均的情況。
(3)ip_hash :
每個請求按通路ip 的hash 結果配置設定,這樣每個訪客固定通路一個後端伺服器,可以解決session 的問題。可以針對同一個C 類位址段中的用戶端選擇同一個後端伺服器,除非那個後端伺服器宕了才會換一個。
(4)fair(第三方):
按後端伺服器的響應時間來配置設定請求,響應時間短的優先配置設定。
(5)url_hash(第三方):
按通路url 的hash 結果來配置設定請求,使每個url 定向到同一個後端伺服器,後端伺服器為緩存時比較有效。
4.Nginx安裝及配置
(1) nginx源碼安裝
[root@kallen ~]# wget http://syslab.comsenz.com/downloads/linux/nginx-0.9.6.tar.gz
[root@kallen ~]# tar zxvf nginx-0.9.6.tar.gz
[root@kallen ~]# cd nginx-0.9.6
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
--sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
--conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
--error-log-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log
--http-log-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log
--pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/var/nginx.pid
--lock-path=/usr/local/nginx/var/nginx.lock
--http-client-body-temp-path=/dev/shm/nginx_temp/client_body
--http-proxy-temp-path=/dev/shm/nginx_temp/proxy
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/dev/shm/nginx_temp/fastcgi
--user=www --group=www
--with-cpu-opt=pentium4F
--without-select_module
--without-poll_module
--with-http_realip_module
--with-http_sub_module
--with-http_gzip_static_module
--with-http_stub_status_module
--without-http_ssi_module
--without-http_userid_module
--without-http_geo_module
--without-http_memcached_module
--without-http_map_module
--without-mail_pop3_module
--without-mail_imap_module
--without-mail_smtp_module
--with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-/
--with-zlib=/usr/local/zlib
[root@kallen ~]# make && make install
[root@kallen ~]# mkdir /dev/shm/nginx_temp
有的nginx版本編譯時會因為pcre編譯不過去,需要修改一下
--with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.32
,前提是已經下載下傳了pcre源碼包pcre-7.8.tar.gz,并解壓到
/usr/local/src/pcre-8.32
,不需要編譯pcre.
在實際安裝過程中可能需要手動安裝以下依賴包:
a. 安裝依賴軟體
b. 下載下傳相關軟體
wget http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre//pcre-.tar.gz
wget http://zlib.net/zlib-.tar.gz
wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-g.tar.gz
wget http://www.canonware.com/download/jemalloc/jemalloc-.tar.bz2
wget http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-.tar.gz
c. 安裝Pcre
tar zxvf pcre-.tar.gz
cd pcre-
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre-
make && make install
d. 安裝Zlib
tar zxvf zlib-.tar.gz
cd zlib-
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/zlib-
make && make install
[ERROR]-1:
./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_gzip_module
option, or install the zlib library into the system, or build the zlib library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-zlib=<path> option
[ERROR]-2:
configure: error: You need a C++ compiler for C++ support.
make[1]: *** [/usr/local/src/pcre-8.32/Makefile] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory /home/kallen/MyDOC/nginx-1.8.0
make: *** [build] Error 2
安裝完成後的配置資訊如下:
[Nginx Configuration Summary]
Configuration summary
+ using PCRE library: /usr/local/src/pcre-
+ OpenSSL library is not used
+ using builtin md5 code
+ sha1 library is not found
+ using zlib library: /usr/local/zlib
nginx path prefix:"/usr/local/nginx"
nginx binary file:"/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
nginx configuration prefix:"/usr/local/nginx/conf"
nginx configuration file:"/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
nginx pid file:"/usr/local/nginx/var/nginx.pid"
nginx error log file:"/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"
nginx http access log file:"/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"
nginx http client request body temporary files:"/dev/shm/nginx_temp/client_body"
nginx http proxy temporary files:"/dev/shm/nginx_temp/proxy"
nginx http fastcgi temporary files:"/dev/shm/nginx_temp/fastcgi"
nginx http uwsgi temporary files:"uwsgi_temp"
nginx http scgi temporary files:"scgi_temp"
(2) 編寫nginx啟動腳本
寫入以下内容:
#!/bin/bash
#
# Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server
#
# Kallen Ding, Apr 23 2015
NGINX_PATH="/usr/local/nginx/"
OPTIONS="-c ${NGINX_PATH}conf/nginx.conf"
prog=nginx
nginx=${NGINX_PATH}sbin/nginx
pidfile=/var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
start() {
echo -n "Starting $prog: "
daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $nginx $OPTIONS
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
echo -n "Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p ${pidfile} $nginx
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc -p ${pidfile} $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
reload)
reload
;;
status)
status $prog
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status}"
RETVAL=
esac
exit $RETVAL
儲存後,更改
/etc/init.d/nginx
的權限
[root@kallen ~]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
[root@kallen ~]# chkconfig --add nginx
[root@kallen ~]# chkconfig nginx on
【注】文中所有圖檔均來自Nginx官網.
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