安裝Homebrew
最近工作環境切換到Mac,是以以OS X Yosemite(10.10.1)為例,記錄一下從零開始安裝Mac下LNMP環境的過程
確定系統已經安裝xcode,然後使用一行指令安裝依賴管理工具Homebrew
ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
之後就可以使用
brew install FORMULA
來安裝所需要的依賴了。
brew(意為釀酒)的命名很有意思,全部都使用了釀酒過程中采用的材料/器具,名詞對應以下的概念:
- Formula(配方) 程式包定義,本質上是一個rb檔案
- Keg(桶)程式包的安裝路徑
- Cellar(地窖)所有程式包(桶)的根目錄
- Tap(水龍頭)程式包的源
- Bottle (瓶子)編譯打包好的程式包
最終編譯安裝完畢的程式就是一桶釀造好的酒
更詳細的資訊參考Homebrew的官方Cookbook
是以使用Homebrew常見的流程是:
- 增加一個程式源(新增一個水龍頭)
brew tap homebrew/php
- 更新程式源
brew update
- 安裝程式包(按照配方釀酒)
brew install git
- 檢視配置
可以看到程式包預設安裝在brew config
下 (酒桶放在地窖内)/usr/local/Cellar
安裝PHP5.6(FPM方式)
首先加入Homebrew官方的幾個軟體源
brew tap homebrew/dupes
brew tap homebrew/versions
brew tap homebrew/php
PHP如果采用預設配置安裝,會編譯
mod_php
子產品并隻運作在Apache環境下,為了使用Nginx,這裡需要編譯php-fpm并且禁用apache,主要通過參數
--without-fpm --without-apache
來實作。完整的安裝指令為
brew install php56 \
--build-from-source \
--without-snmp \
--without-apache \
--with-fpm \
--with-intl \
--with-homebrew-curl \
--with-homebrew-libxslt \
--with-homebrew-openssl \
--with-imap \
--with-mysql \
--with-tidy
由于OSX已經自帶了PHP環境,是以需要修改系統路徑,優先運作brew安裝的版本,在
~/.bashrc
裡加入:
export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:$PATH"
如果要安裝新的php擴充,可以直接安裝而不用每次重新編譯php,所有的擴充可以通過
brew search php56
看到,下面是我自己所需要的擴充,可以支援Phalcon架構:
brew install php56-memcache php56-memcached php56-mongo php56-phalcon php56-redis php56-xdebug --build-from-source
PHP-FPM的加載與啟動
安裝完畢後可以通過以下指令啟動和停止php-fpm
php-fpm -D
killall php-fpm
同時可以将php-fpm加入開機啟動
ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/php56/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php56.plist
安裝Nginx
brew install nginx
安裝完畢後可以通過
nginx
nginx -s quit
啟動和關閉,同時也支援重載配置檔案等操作
nginx -s reload|reopen|stop|quit
nginx安裝後預設監聽8080端口,可以通路
http://localhost:8080
檢視狀态。如果要想監聽80端口需要root權限,運作
并使用root權限啟動
sudo nginx
開機啟動
ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/nginx/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist
Nginx + PHP-FPM配置
Nginx一般都會運作多個域名,是以這裡參考了@fish的方法,按Ubuntu的檔案夾結構來存放Nginx的配置檔案
mkdir -p /usr/local/var/logs/nginx
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl
編輯Nginx全局配置
vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
error_log /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/error.log debug;
pid /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 256;
}
http {
include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] ' '"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent ' '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" ' '"$http_x_forwarded_for" $host $request_time $upstream_response_time $scheme ' '$cookie_evalogin'; access_log /usr/local/var/logs/access.log main; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; port_in_redirect off; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; }
這樣一來首先可以把一些可複用配置獨立出來放在
/usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d
下,比如fastcgi的設定就可以獨立出來
vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm
内容為
location ~ \.php$ {
try_files $uri = 404;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; include /usr/local/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf; }
然後
/usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled
目錄下可以一個檔案對應一個域名的配置,比如web伺服器目錄是
/opt/htdocs
vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
root /opt/htdocs/;
location / {
index index.html index.htm index.php;
include /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm;
}
}
此時啟動了php-fpm并且啟動了Nginx後,就可以通過
http://localhost
來運作php程式了
安裝MySQL
brew install mysql
可以通過
mysql.server start
mysql.server stop
來啟動/停止,啟動後預設應為空密碼,可以通過mysqladmin設定一個密碼
mysqladmin -uroot password "mypassword"
但是在操作的時候出現了空密碼無法登入的情況,最終隻能通過mysqld_safe來設定
sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
mysql -u root
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('mypassword') WHERE User='root'; mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
最後将MySQL加入開機啟動
cp /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.6.22/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
Memcache
brew install memcached
啟動/停止指令
memcached -d
killall memcached
加入開機啟動
cp /usr/local/Cellar/memcached/1.4.20/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
Redis
brew install redis
Redis預設配置檔案不允許以Deamon方式運作,是以需要先修改配置檔案
vim /usr/local/etc/redis.conf
将daemonize修改為yes,然後載入配置檔案即可實作背景程序啟動
redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis.conf
加入開機啟動
cp /usr/local/Cellar/redis/2.8.19/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
設定别名
最後可以對所有服務的啟動停止設定别名友善操作
vim ~/.bash_profile
加入
alias nginx.start='launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'
alias nginx.stop='launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'
alias nginx.restart='nginx.stop && nginx.start' alias php-fpm.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist" alias php-fpm.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist" alias php-fpm.restart='php-fpm.stop && php-fpm.start' alias mysql.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist" alias mysql.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist" alias mysql.restart='mysql.stop && mysql.start' alias redis.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist" alias redis.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist" alias redis.restart='redis.stop && redis.start' alias memcached.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist" alias memcached.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist" alias memcached.restart='memcached.stop && memcached.start'
安裝其他項目支援
brew install composer node
安裝Oh My Zsh
brew install zsh-completions
chsh -s /usr/local/bin/zsh
vim ~/.zshenv
加入内容
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
然後
vim ~/.zshrc
加入内容
fpath=(/usr/local/share/zsh-completions $fpath)
autoload -Uz compinit
compinit -u
最後運作
rm -f ~/.zcompdump; compinit
檢視正在使用的shell
dscl localhost -read Local/Default/Users/$USER UserShell
安裝Oh My Zsh