幹貨：Dao單元測試項目實戰

Dao單元測試技術方案：H2+spring-test+spring-test-dbunit+testng

一. 技術方案的選擇

H2:記憶體資料庫，支援标準SQL，相當于把資料庫本地化，可以避免對測試環境的依賴，也可以提升單測的速度。

spring-test: 提供了@DirtiesContex AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests等諸多注釋和基類，可以用來簡化單元測試。

spring-test-dbunit:提供了對dbunit的注解封裝，可以用來提供測試資料和進行資料驗證。

testng: 提供了相比junit更豐富的測試功能，使用起來更友善。

二.項目實戰

建立一個名為DaoTestExample的maven工程，結構如下圖：

幹貨：Dao單元測試項目實戰

2.在test目錄下建立一個schema.sql檔案，寫入一個User表的建表語句，這個檔案是用來初始化H2資料庫，在測試用例執行前建好所需要的表結構。

CREATE TABLE `User` (
  `AutoId` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `UserId` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '使用者Id',
  `UserName` varchar(64) NOT NULL COMMENT '使用者姓名',
  `Age` int(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '年齡',
  `PointValue` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '積分',
  `Status` smallint(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '記錄可用狀态',
  `CreateTime` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '記錄建立日期',
  `LastModifyTime` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '最後修改日期',
  PRIMARY KEY (`AutoId`)
);

3.h2資料源配置初始化

@Configuration
@MapperScan(basePackages = "dao.mapper")
@ComponentScan({"dao"})
public class H2Config {
 
    @Bean
    public DataSource h2DataSource(){
 
        EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder builder = new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder();
        EmbeddedDatabase database = builder.setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2)
                    .addScript("classpath:schema.sql") //啟動時初始化建表語句
                    .build();
        return database;
    }
 
    @Bean
    public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory(DataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
        final SqlSessionFactoryBean sessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        sessionFactory.setDataSource(dataSource);
        PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
        //加載所有的sql mapper檔案
        Resource[] mapperLocations = resolver.getResources("classpath:/mapper/*.xml");
        sessionFactory.setMapperLocations(mapperLocations);
        return sessionFactory.getObject();
    }
 
    @Bean
    public SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate(SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory) {
        return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);
    }

4.dao層測試基類

@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = {H2Config.class})
@TestExecutionListeners({ DbUnitTestExecutionListener.class })
@DirtiesContext(classMode = DirtiesContext.ClassMode.AFTER_EACH_TEST_METHOD)
@DbUnitConfiguration(databaseConnection = { "h2DataSource" })
public class DaoBaseTest extends AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests {
 
}

@DirtiesContext(classMode = DirtiesContext.ClassMode.AFTER_EACH_TEST_METHOD) 會在每個測試用例執行完後清除資料庫。

@TestExecutionListeners({ DbUnitTestExecutionListener.class }) 使得dbunit的注解生效，不然spring-test-dbunit提供的注解不會啟用。

@DbUnitConfiguration(databaseConnection = { "h2DataSource" }) 指定資料源

由于項目中使用的是testng，為了擷取dao對象，需要繼承一個spring-test中的基類AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests，利用此基類中的applicationContext來初始化、擷取注入對象。

不過僅僅繼承AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests還無法實作對象注入，我們需要引入 @MapperScan 和 @ComponentScan

所有的dao測試都要繼承DaoBaseTest

5.建立dbunit初始化資料庫和校驗資料所需的xml檔案

user-setUpData.xml 檔案，測試用例執行之前所需要準備的測試資料

User是表名，UserId="200" UserName="tony" Age="25" pointValue="2000" 是表中的部分字段(下同)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<dataset>
    <User UserId="200" UserName="tony" Age="25" pointValue="2000" />
</dataset>

addUser-expectedData.xml檔案，用來校驗插入資料庫的資料是否符合預期。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<dataset>
    <User UserId="200" UserName="tony" Age="25" pointValue="2000" />
</dataset>

updatePoint-exceptedData.xml 檔案，用來校驗更新積分後的資料是否符合預期

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<dataset>
    <User UserId="200" UserName="tony" Age="25" pointValue="2500" />
</dataset>

6.被測試的dao類

public interface UserDao {
 
    int addUser(User user);
 
    int updatePointValue(Long userId,Long pointValue);
 
    User getUserInfo(Long userId);
}

@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
 
    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;
 
    @Override
    public int addUser(User user) {
 
        return userMapper.addUser(user);
    }
 
    @Override
    public int updatePointValue(Long userId, Long pointValue) {
 
        return userMapper.updatePointValue(userId,pointValue);
    }
 
    @Override
    public User getUserInfo(Long userId) {
 
        return userMapper.getUserInfo(userId);
    }
}

7.userMapper.xml 檔案

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="dao.mapper.UserMapper">
    <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="dao.entity.User">
        <id column="AutoId" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
        <result column="UserId" property="userId" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
        <result column="UserName" property="name" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
        <result column="Age" property="age" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
        <result column="PointValue" property="pointValue" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
        <result column="Status" property="status" jdbcType="SMALLINT"/>
        <result column="CreateTime" property="createTime" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP"/>
        <result column="LastModifyTime" property="lastModifyTime" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP"/>
    </resultMap>
 
    <insert id="addUser" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id" parameterType="dao.entity.User">
        INSERT INTO User(UserId,UserName,Age,PointValue,Status,CreateTime,LastModifyTime)
        VALUES(#{userId},#{name},#{age},#{pointValue},0,now(),now())
    </insert>
 
    <update id="updatePointValue">
        UPDATE User SET PointValue = #{pointValue}
        WHERE UserId=#{userId}
    </update>
 
    <select id="getUserInfo" resultMap = "BaseResultMap">
 
        SELECT UserId,UserName,Age,PointValue FROM User
        WHERE UserId=#{userId}
    </select>
 
    </mapper>

8.User實體類

public class User {
 
 
    private Long id;
 
    private Long userId;
 
    private String name;
 
    private Integer age;
 
    private Integer pointValue;
 
    private Integer status;
 
    private Date createTime;
 
    private Date lastModifyTime;
 
 
    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }
 
    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
 
    public Long getUserId() {
        return userId;
    }
 
    public void setUserId(Long userId) {
        this.userId = userId;
    }
 
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
 
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }
 
    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
 
    public Integer getPointValue() {
        return pointValue;
    }
 
    public void setPointValue(Integer pointValue) {
        this.pointValue = pointValue;
    }
 
    public Integer getStatus() {
        return status;
    }
 
    public void setStatus(Integer status) {
        this.status = status;
    }
 
    public Date getCreateTime() {
        return createTime;
    }
 
    public void setCreateTime(Date createTime) {
        this.createTime = createTime;
    }
 
    public Date getLastModifyTime() {
        return lastModifyTime;
    }
 
    public void setLastModifyTime(Date lastModifyTime) {
        this.lastModifyTime = lastModifyTime;
    }
}

9.測試用例

public class UserDaoTest extends DaoBaseTest {
 
    @Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;
 
    @Test
    @ExpectedDatabase(table = "User",
            assertionMode= DatabaseAssertionMode.NON_STRICT,
            value= "/data/addUser-expectedData.xml")
    public void testAddUser() throws Exception {
 
        User user = new User();
        user.setUserId(200L);
        user.setAge(25);
        user.setPointValue(2000);
        user.setName("tony");
        int result = userDao.addUser(user);
        Assert.assertEquals(result,1);
    }
 
    @Test
    @DatabaseSetup("/data/user-setUpData.xml")
    @ExpectedDatabase(table = "User",
            assertionMode= DatabaseAssertionMode.NON_STRICT,
            value= "/data/updatePoint-exceptedData.xml")
    public void testUpdatePointValue() throws Exception {
 
        int result = userDao.updatePointValue(200L,2500L);
        Assert.assertEquals(result,1);
    }
 
    @Test
    @DatabaseSetup("/data/user-setUpData.xml")
    public void testGetUserInfo() throws Exception {
 
        User user = userDao.getUserInfo(200L);
        Assert.assertNotNull(user);
        Assert.assertEquals(user.getAge().intValue(),25);
        Assert.assertEquals(user.getName(),"tony");
        Assert.assertEquals(user.getUserId().intValue(),200);
        Assert.assertEquals(user.getPointValue().intValue(),2000);
    }
}

三、pom依賴

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
        <version>3.4.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
        <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.github.springtestdbunit</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-test-dbunit</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.dbunit</groupId>
        <artifactId>dbunit</artifactId>
        <version>2.5.3</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
        <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
        <version>1.4.195</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
        <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

四、總結

此技術方案可以實作單元測試與測試環境的隔離，自動化測試、資料隔離等在[重新認識單元測試]一篇中提到的單元測試規範。

幹貨：Dao單元測試項目實戰

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/jishujinjie/p/7294896.html

幹貨：Dao單元測試項目實戰

繼續閱讀

Java String.format方法的簡單使用

neo4j之cypher使用文檔

GitHub連夜封殺！這份阿裡 10W 字内部 Java 字面試手冊到底有多強？

spark/scala關于【資源檔案】加載方法概述外部檔案加載方案測試資源檔案打包入jar包中小結

NOSQL安全攻擊

mybatis_入門程式Mybatis入門

AOP程式設計_Android優雅權限架構(1)概念基礎，2021金三銀四前言正文大綱正文

登入plsql 報錯 the account is locked --使用者被鎖

測試面試題整理

Effective Java 8:通用程式設計

SequoiaDB巨杉資料庫C++驅動概述

OOM三種類型

工廠模式-三種類型

【遞歸】高效率求2的n次幂

win10本地scala和spark安裝安裝scala安裝spark

scala (3) Function 和 Method